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Biofouling Jan 2022This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of morin on polymicrobial biofilms and its cytotoxicity in controlled-release films and tablets...
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of morin on polymicrobial biofilms and its cytotoxicity in controlled-release films and tablets based on gellan gum. Polymicrobial biofilms were formed from saliva for 48 h under an intermittent exposure regime to 1% sucrose and in contact with films or tablets of gellan gum containing 2 mg of morin each. Acidogenicity, bacterial viability, dry weight and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides from biofilms were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of morin was evaluated in oral keratinocytes. Morin released from the systems reduced the viability of all the microbial groups evaluated, as well as the dry weight and insoluble polysaccharide concentration in the matrix and promoted the control of acidogenicity when compared with the control group without the substance. Morin was cytotoxic only at the highest concentration evaluated. In conclusion, morin is an effective agent and shows antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against polymicrobial biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Delayed-Action Preparations; Flavonoids; Streptococcus mutans; Tablets
PubMed: 34906018
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2015580 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Dec 2021Dental caries results from long-term acid production when sugar is metabolized by a bacterial biofilm, resulting in a loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dental caries results from long-term acid production when sugar is metabolized by a bacterial biofilm, resulting in a loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel. Streptococcus mutans is a type of acid-producing bacteria and a virulent contributor to oral biofilms. Conventional treatment options, such as cefazolin and ampicillin, have significant levels of bacterial resistance. Other topical agents, such as fluoride, tend to be washed away by saliva, resulting in low therapeutic efficacy.
HIGHLIGHT
This review aims to highlight the solubility issues that plague poorly water-soluble therapeutic agents, various novel polymeric, and lipid-based nanotechnology systems that aim to improve the retention of therapeutic agents in the oral cavity.
CONCLUSION
In this review, different formulation types demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes by enhancing drug solubility, promoting penetration into the deep layers of the biofilm, facilitating prolonged residence time in the buccal cavity, and reducing the emergence of drug-resistant phenotypes. These formulations have a strong potential to give new life to therapeutic agents that have limited physicochemical characteristics.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Humans; Nanotechnology; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34536629
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.09.002 -
Current Microbiology Nov 2023Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small-molecule peptides that play a vital role in the nonspecific immune defense system of organisms. They mainly kill microorganisms... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small-molecule peptides that play a vital role in the nonspecific immune defense system of organisms. They mainly kill microorganisms by physically destroying the cell membrane and causing the leakage of contents. AMPs have attracted much attention as potential alternatives to antibiotics due to their low susceptibility to resistance. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main causative agents of human dental caries. The design, screening, and efficacy evaluation of AMPs targeting S. mutans offer new possibilities for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, especially dental caries, in the future. This article reviews AMPs from different sources that have inhibitory effects on S. mutans, discusses the mechanism of action of AMPs against S. mutans biofilms, and focuses on the research progress of screening methods, design modification, and biological activity evaluation of AMPs. We hope to provide insights and reference value for the development of new biologics.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus mutans; Antimicrobial Peptides; Dental Caries; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms
PubMed: 38007405
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03540-5 -
European Heart Journal Oct 2019
Topics: Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Famous Persons; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music; Recurrence; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillitis; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 31589326
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz682 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... May 2021(Ca) is an important opportunistic pathogenic fungus found in the oral cavity, which plays an important role in oral microecological balance, and often interacting with... (Review)
Review
(Ca) is an important opportunistic pathogenic fungus found in the oral cavity, which plays an important role in oral microecological balance, and often interacting with other bacteria including (Sm). Meanwhile, the characteristics of Ca such as adhesion, acidogenicity, aciduric nature and the ability to produce collagenolytic proteinases indicate its latent cariogenic potential. This review summarizes the research progress of the detectable rate of Ca in caries, its cariogenic potential and the interaction with Sm and other oral bacteria, in order to extend the understanding of pathogenesis of dental caries and to contribute new therapeutic and preventive strategies for dental caries.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33904286
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200609-00324 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jul 2020The ability of Streptococcus mutans to persist in a variety of adverse environments and to emerge as a numerically dominant member of stable oral biofilm communities are...
The ability of Streptococcus mutans to persist in a variety of adverse environments and to emerge as a numerically dominant member of stable oral biofilm communities are essential elements for its cariogenicity. The S. mutans Cid/Lrg system has been studied as a key player in the integration of complex environmental signals into regulatory networks that modulate virulence and cell homeostasis. Cid/Lrg has also been shown to be closely associated with metabolic pathways of this organism, due to distinct patterns of cid and lrg expression in response to growth phase and glucose/oxygen levels. In this study, a comparison of cid and lrg promoter regions with conserved CodY (a regulator which responds to starvation stress)-binding motifs revealed the presence of a potential CodY-binding site, which is arranged similarly in both cid and lrg promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and promoter reporter assays demonstrated that expression of the cid and lrg operons is directly mediated by the global transcriptional regulator CodY. DNase I footprinting analyses confirmed the predicted binding sequences for CodY in both the cid and the lrg promoter regions. Overexpression of CodY had no obvious effect on lrgAB expression, but deficiency of CodY still affected lrgAB expression in a lytST-overexpressing strain, suggesting that CodY is required for the full regulation of lrgAB by LytST. We also demonstrated that both CodY and CcpA are involved in regulating pyruvate flux and utilization. Collectively, these data show that CodY directly regulates cid and lrg expression, and together with CcpA (previously shown to directly regulate cid and lrg promoters) contributes to coordinating pyruvate uptake and utilization in response to both the external environment and the cellular metabolic status.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Streptococcus mutans; Virulence
PubMed: 32282137
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1040 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2021Oral microorganisms produce damage through the transfer to bloodstream, colonizing other tissues or direct damage in the oral cavity. Aim to study the quantitative...
BACKGROUND
Oral microorganisms produce damage through the transfer to bloodstream, colonizing other tissues or direct damage in the oral cavity. Aim to study the quantitative interactions between C. albicans and the mutans streptococci and ms serotypes in the saliva of the oral cavity of patients with Down syndrome (DS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Included 120 patients of both genders, 60 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and 60 pa- tients as a control group (CG). Samples of saliva were taken, and bacteria and fungi were grown on TYCSB and Saboureaud agar. Microbiological, serological and quantitative analyses were performed to determine the kind of isolated of microorganisms corresponding to the ms c, e, f and k for species S. mutans and d and g for S. sobrinus and C. albicans. Electronic scanning microscopy was employed to visualize and confirm the colonies under study. Statistics analysis included t-test proofs for matched data test, Scheffé and ANOVA.
RESULTS
Forming units (CFU) per mL of saliva of C. albicans a significant difference was observed among DS
CONCLUSIONS
These results show a significant non-random association between these two commensal microorganisms in different patient groups.
Topics: Candida albicans; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33247579
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23162 -
PloS One 2021To evaluate the effect of medical cannabis consumption on oral flora and saliva.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of medical cannabis consumption on oral flora and saliva.
DESIGN
A clinical prospective study, at the rheumatology clinic of the Nazareth Hospital in Nazareth, recruiting consecutively patients approved for medical cannabis, evaluating their saliva flow, pH and microbial load of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, prior to and under medical cannabis treatment.
METHODS
Patients recently licensed for medical cannabis treatment, were recruited just prior to starting medical cannabis consumption (week 0), 1 and 4 weeks later, patients provided 5-minute time saliva samples, which were measured for their volume and pH, and cultured on a special microbial kit, evaluating the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.
RESULTS
Out of 16 patients enrolled, 14 were female and had fibromyalgia. The mean age of the patients was 52.8±12.9 years. The mean saliva flow at week 0, week 1 and week 4 were 5.38±3.36 ml/5-minutes, 6 (p = 0.769) and 5.45 (p = 0.391), respectively, and for saliva pH were 6.28, 5.94 (p = 0.51) and 5.5 (p = 0.07) respectively also. The mean Streptococcus mutans growth score at weeks 0, 1 and 4 was1.8±0.75, 1.6±0.83 (p = 0.234), and 2.4±0.84 (p = 0.058), respectively. The mean Lactobacilli growth score at weeks 0, 1 and 4 was 2.59±0.88, 3.1±0.69 (p = 0.033) and 3.3±0.67 (p = 0.025), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study show that medical cannabis consumption has no significant effect on saliva volume or pH, but it may be associated with changes in salivary levels of oral microbes such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Male; Medical Marijuana; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33577600
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247044 -
Odontology Apr 2023Odontogenic infections (OIs) occasionally spread to deep facial and neck tissues. Our study aimed to explore the role of Streptococcus anginous group (SAG) in these...
Odontogenic infections (OIs) occasionally spread to deep facial and neck tissues. Our study aimed to explore the role of Streptococcus anginous group (SAG) in these severe OIs. A retrospective study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who required hospital care for acute OI was conducted. We analysed data of OI microbial samples and recorded findings of SAG and other pathogens. These findings were compared with data regarding patients' prehospital status and variables of infection severity. In total, 290 patients were included in the analyses. The most common (49%) bacterial finding was SAG. Other common findings were Streptococcus viridans and Prevotella species, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Infection severity variables were strongly associated with SAG occurrence. Treatment in an intensive care unit was significantly more common in patients with SAG than in patients without SAG (p < 0.001). In addition, SAG patients expressed higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = 0.001) and white blood cell counts (p < 0.001), and their hospital stays were longer than those of non-SAG patients (p = 0.001). SAG is a typical finding in severe OIs. Clinical features of SAG-related OIs are more challenging than in other OIs. Early detection of SAG, followed by comprehensive infection care with prompt and careful surgical treatment, is necessary due to the aggressive behaviour of this dangerous pathogen.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus anginosus; Retrospective Studies; Abscess
PubMed: 36346473
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00763-z -
Journal of Dentistry Aug 2023Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a commonly used restorative material in dentistry, but GIC does not have significant antibiofilm effects and its mechanical strength is...
BACKGROUND
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a commonly used restorative material in dentistry, but GIC does not have significant antibiofilm effects and its mechanical strength is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antibiofilm and mechanical properties of a newly developed silver nanowire (AgNW) modified GIC.
METHODS
GICs were modified with different nanosilver formulations including 0.05%wt AgNW, 0.5%wt AgNW, 0.05%wt silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and 0.5%wt AgNP. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were cultured for 72 h on GIC specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to observe the accumulation and morphology of Streptococcus mutans on the material surfaces. Another set of biofilm/specimens was treated with SYTO-9 and the biofilm development was evaluated by quantifying the visible stain with an inverted fluorescence microscope. The compressive strength of the specimens was assessed according to ISO 9917-1:2007. The colour of GICs was compared using the VITA Easyshade system.
RESULTS
SEM images showed that fewer biofilms were accumulated on nanosilver-modified GICs. The Streptococcus mutans quantity was significantly lower in all nanosilver-modified groups compared to conventional GIC (p<0.0001). GIC modified with 0.5% AgNP showed slightly lower compressive strength than the negative control (58.3 ± 12.9 MPa vs 78.3 ± 13.8 MPa); but there is no significant difference between all study groups. The colour change between AgNW-modified GIC and conventional GIC was significantly lower than that between AgNP-modified GIC and conventional GIC.
CONCLUSION
AgNW-modified GIC showed superior antibiofilm effect and comparable compressive strength to conventional GIC. In addition, the complement of AgNW would not influence the colour stability of GIC as much as AgNP.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study developed a novel AgNW-modified GIC material. It showed good antibiofilm and mechanical properties and would not influence the colour stability of GIC. The AgNW-modified GIC has a large potential for clinical use and biomedical application.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Silver; Nanowires; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Biofilms; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 37263409
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104569