-
American Journal of Men's Health 2020
Topics: Humans; Male; Masculinity; Mental Health; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 32812501
DOI: 10.1177/1557988320949322 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Apr 2023Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a condition caused by relative or absolute androgen excess originating from the ovaries and/or the adrenal glands. Hirsutism, in other... (Review)
Review
Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a condition caused by relative or absolute androgen excess originating from the ovaries and/or the adrenal glands. Hirsutism, in other words, increased terminal hair growth in androgen-dependent areas of the body, is considered the most effective measure of hyperandrogenism in women. Other symptoms can be acne and androgenic alopecia or the development of virilization, including clitoromegaly. Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism may also be associated with metabolic disorders such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Mild hyperandrogenic symptoms can be due to relative androgen excess associated with menopausal transition or polycystic ovary syndrome, which is likely the most common cause of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Virilizing symptoms, on the other hand, can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis or an androgen-producing ovarian or adrenal tumor that could be malignant. Determination of serum testosterone, preferably by tandem mass spectrometry, is the first step in the endocrine evaluation, providing important information on the degree of androgen excess. Testosterone >5 nmol/L is associated with virilization and requires prompt investigation to rule out an androgen-producing tumor in the first instance. To localize the source of androgen excess, imaging techniques are used, such as transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the ovaries and computed tomography and MRI for the adrenals. Bilateral oophorectomy or surgical removal of an adrenal tumor is the main curative treatment and will ultimately lead to a histopathological diagnosis. Mild to moderate symptoms of androgen excess are treated with antiandrogen therapy or specific endocrine therapy depending on diagnosis. This review summarizes the most relevant causes of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and suggests principles for clinical investigation and treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Androgens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Postmenopause; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Virilism; Testosterone; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 36409990
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac673 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019: Research has consistently reported gender differences in mental health, but studies on differences in psychological well-being between women and men have not yielded...
: Research has consistently reported gender differences in mental health, but studies on differences in psychological well-being between women and men have not yielded conclusive results. The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of gender to the psychological well-being of adult individuals. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 1700 men and 1700 women from the general Spanish population was conducted. Their ages ranged from 21 to 64 years, and they were assessed with Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. : Men scored higher than women in self-acceptance and autonomy, and women scored higher than men in personal growth and positive relations with others. The most relevant variable in the psychological well-being of both women and men was high masculinity. Other relevant variables in women's well-being were high femininity, not having a manual occupation, not being homemakers, and professional occupation. Men´s well-being also was higher in professional men and in men with a skilled non-manual occupation, men with high femininity and men who were not single, divorced or widowed. : Adherence to traditional gender roles is relevant to the psychological well-being of women and men, and women and men whose self-concept includes both masculine-instrumental and feminine-expressive characteristics have greater well-being.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Self Concept; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31547223
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193531 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... Apr 2022Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a state of relative or absolute androgen excess originating from the adrenal glands and/or ovaries clinically manifested by the...
Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a state of relative or absolute androgen excess originating from the adrenal glands and/or ovaries clinically manifested by the presence of terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas of the body, and other manifestations of hyperandrogenism such as acne and alopecia or the development of virilization. In such circumstances, physicians must exclude the possibility of rare but serious androgen-producing tumors of the adrenal glands or ovaries. Worsening of undiagnosed hyperandrogenic disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian hyperthecosis, Cushing syndrome and iatrogenic hyperandrogenism should be considered for differential diagnosis. Elevated serum testosterone not only causes virilizing effects, but also will lead to hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiac disease. An ovarian androgen-secreting tumor, which is diagnosed in 1-3 of 1000 patients presenting with hirsutism, comprises less than 0.5% of all ovarian tumors. Adrenal tumors, including non-malignant adenomas and malignant carcinomas, are less common than ovarian tumors but cause postmenopausal virilization. Measurement of serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and inhibin B is necessary in postmenopausal women with the complaints and signs of hyperandrogenism. Some tests to discard Cushing syndrome should also be done. After an etiological source of androgen hypersecretion has been suspected, we recommend performing magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands or ovaries. Medical management with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/analogues or antagonists has been reported for women who are either unfit for surgery or in whom the source of elevated testosterone is unidentified.
Topics: Androgens; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Male; Ovarian Neoplasms; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Postmenopause; Testosterone; Virilism
PubMed: 33988479
DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1915273 -
Violence Against Women Dec 2019
Topics: Battered Women; Female; Humans; Masculinity
PubMed: 31530100
DOI: 10.1177/1077801219876357 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... May 2020Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare, representing ∼0.2% of all pediatric malignancies and having an incidence of 0.2-0.3 new cases per million per year in... (Review)
Review
Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare, representing ∼0.2% of all pediatric malignancies and having an incidence of 0.2-0.3 new cases per million per year in the United States, but incidences are remarkably higher in Southern Brazil. At diagnosis, most children show signs and symptoms of virilization, Cushing syndrome, or both. Less than 10% of patients with ACT exhibit no endocrine syndrome at presentation, although some show abnormal concentrations of adrenal cortex hormones. Pediatric ACT is commonly associated with constitutional genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, represented by germline TP53 mutations or chromosome 11p abnormalities. Complete tumor resection is required to achieve cure. The role of chemotherapy is not established, although definitive responses to several anticancer drugs are documented. For patients undergoing complete tumor resection, favorable prognostic factors include young age, small tumor size, virilization, and adenoma histology. Prospective studies are necessary to further elucidate the pathogenesis of ACT and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Age of Onset; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Virilism
PubMed: 32636100
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101448 -
Salud Colectiva Apr 2020Men have always been present on the public health agenda, primarily from a clinical and epidemiological standpoint. In order to expand on these approaches, it is...
Men have always been present on the public health agenda, primarily from a clinical and epidemiological standpoint. In order to expand on these approaches, it is necessary to integrate a perspective that takes into account the relationship between gender and health. Furthermore, these discussions must include reflections on the intersectionality of gender (masculinities) with other categories of social differentiation such as race, ethnicity, social class, age, and sexuality. The articles selected from the call for papers on men, gender, and health at Salud Colectiva offer theoretical and empirical contributions that will undoubtedly enrich this debate. Although the articles presented here do not explore every possible aspect of this complex problem, they provide a starting point for a productive debate on the tensions and gaps that still remain in discussions of these issues.
Topics: Humans; Life Expectancy; Male; Masculinity; Men; Men's Health
PubMed: 32574460
DOI: 10.18294/sc.2020.2788 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2020Men's health equity is an area of men's health research and practice that combines the literature on men's health with that of health equity. More research is needed...
Men's health equity is an area of men's health research and practice that combines the literature on men's health with that of health equity. More research is needed that describes how to intervene to promote men's health equity. This introduction to the special collection on promoting men's health equity was created to feature research that describes aspects of promising interventions that (a) are population-specific approaches that consider the unique biopsychosocial factors that affect the health of socially defined populations of men; or (b) use a comparative approach to close or eliminate gaps between socially defined groups of men and women and among socially meaningful groups of men that are unnecessary, avoidable, considered unfair and unjust, and yet are modifiable. The dozen papers from across the globe included in the special collection are grouped in three areas: conceptual approaches and reviews; formative research; and evaluation findings. The papers represent a diverse array of populations under the umbrella of men's health and a range of strategies to improve men's health from tobacco cessation to microfinance. The collection features a range of alternative masculinities that emerge from original research by the contributors that are used in novel ways in the interventions. This editorial argues that more qualitative research is needed to evaluate the intended and unintended findings from interventions. This editorial also highlights the benefits that men's health equity can gain from embracing dissemination and implementation science as a tool to systematically design, implement, refine, and sustain interventions.
Topics: Female; Health Equity; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Men; Men's Health
PubMed: 33305684
DOI: 10.1177/1557988320980184 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Postmenopause; Virilism
PubMed: 37094875
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220685-f -
Investigacion Y Educacion En Enfermeria Feb 2023To analyze the concept of men's health care and identify its essential, antecedent and consequent attributes in the health context. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the concept of men's health care and identify its essential, antecedent and consequent attributes in the health context.
METHODS
This is a concept analysis structured in the theoretical-methodological framework of the Walker and Avant Model. An integrative review was carried out between May and July 2020, using keywords and descriptors: Men's Care and Health.
RESULTS
The concept of men's health care is structured by 240 attributes, 14 categories, 82 antecedents and 159 consequents, from the selection of 26 published manuscripts. The design was evidenced from the dimensions: Intrapersonal, psychological and behavioral related to masculinities, interpersonal, organizational and structural, ecological, ethnoracial, cross-cultural and transpersonal.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept of men's health care revealed the male specificities regarding the recognition of the place of health care and the daily exercise in the lived experience.
Topics: Male; Humans; Men's Health; Masculinity
PubMed: 37071869
DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v41n1e14