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Journal of Robotic Surgery Oct 2023Stereopsis may be an advantage of robotic surgery. Perceived robotic ergonomic advantages in visualisation include better exposure, three-dimensional vision, surgeon... (Review)
Review
Stereopsis may be an advantage of robotic surgery. Perceived robotic ergonomic advantages in visualisation include better exposure, three-dimensional vision, surgeon camera control, and line of sight screen location. Other ergonomic factors relating to visualisation include stereo-acuity, vergence-accommodation mismatch, visual-perception mismatch, visual-vestibular mismatch, visuospatial ability, visual fatigue, and visual feedback to compensate for lack of haptic feedback. Visual fatigue symptoms may be related to dry eye or accommodative/binocular vision stress. Digital eye strain can be measured by questionnaires and objective tests. Management options include treatment of dry eye, correction of refractive error, and management of accommodation and vergence anomalies. Experienced robotic surgeons can use visual cues like tissue deformation and surgical tool information as surrogates for haptic feedback.
Topics: Humans; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Asthenopia; Depth Perception; Accommodation, Ocular; Ergonomics
PubMed: 37204648
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01618-7 -
Harefuah Jun 2021Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a very common phenomenon amongst computer users. A total of 90% of computer users, who spend more than 3 hours a day in front of the... (Review)
Review
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a very common phenomenon amongst computer users. A total of 90% of computer users, who spend more than 3 hours a day in front of the computer screen, suffer from CVS. CVS is also known as digital eye strain or visual fatigue and includes symptoms that are a result of continuous work in front of the different types of computer screens or other types of digital screens. An updated differentiation divides the cause of the symptoms into three separate categories which include visual symptoms, symptoms resulting from the digital screen itself and symptoms resulting from the ocular surface. CVS includes a wide range of symptoms which are non-specific (asthenopia), which include eye fatigue, eye strain, pain in and around the eye, blurred vision, headaches and even diplopia (double vision). Asthenopia and dry eye are the core symptoms of CVS. There are many solutions and ways to treat the different symptoms related to the vision, the screen and ocular surface and especially the symptoms related to the issue of dry eye. The treatment of CVS is focused around the different groups of symptoms and it is recommended to give a combined treatment for all the symptomatic groups. The correction of residual astigmatism, accommodation issues, base-in or base-up prisms and the correction of vergence reserves to maintain vision aspects. Changing the lighting, correct positioning of the screen and correcting the direction of gaze in relation to symptoms which are connected to the screen and artificial tears, as well as increasing the blink rate and increasing the level of moisture of the air in the room, all assist in treating the symptoms of dry eye. Blue light also has some effect on CVS and as a precaution it is recommended to reduce, as much as possible, blue light radiation that enters the eye or is emitted from the computer screen.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Asthenopia; Computers; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 34160157
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... Jun 2021
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia
PubMed: 34170767
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20210408-01 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2020Asthenopic and related symptoms are a major problem in school-going children. With the inception of computers and other gadgets for near work, the unseen problems... (Review)
Review
Asthenopic and related symptoms are a major problem in school-going children. With the inception of computers and other gadgets for near work, the unseen problems arising out of constant and continuous near work, are on the rise. Parents wander from pillar to post, seeking respite from their child's constant complaints from near work; but despite best spectacle correction and avoidance of excessive near work, the complaints continue. Studies have shown that the majority of these problems arise from defects in accommodation, even in a young child. Therefore, various aspects of accommodation deficiencies have to be studied clinically, detected, and treated to ameliorate the symptoms.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Asthenopia; Child; Computers; Eyeglasses; Humans; Schools
PubMed: 32709767
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1973_18 -
Experimental Eye Research Apr 2022Emmetropization is affected by the temporal parameters of visual stimulation and the spectral composition of light, as well as by autonomic innervation. The goal of the...
Emmetropization is affected by the temporal parameters of visual stimulation and the spectral composition of light, as well as by autonomic innervation. The goal of the current experiments is to test the hypothesis that different types of visual stimulation interact with ocular innervation in the process of emmetropization. For that, selective lesions of the autonomic nervous system were performed in chickens: involving transection of parasympathetic input to the eye from either the ciliary ganglion, innervating accommodation and pupil responses (CGX; n = 32), or pterygopalatine ganglion, innervating choroidal blood vessels and cornea (PPGX; n = 26). After 1 week of recovery, chicks were exposed to sinusoidally modulated light (3 days, 2 Hz, 680 lux) that was either achromatic (black to white [RGB], or black to yellow [RG]), or chromatic (blue to yellow [B/Y] or red to green [R/G]). Exposure to light stimulation was followed by ocular biometry (Lenstar and a Hartinger refractometer). Surgical conditions revealed a small reduction in anterior chamber depth with CGX but no other significant changes in ocular biometry/refraction under standard light conditions. With RGB achromatic stimulation, CGX eyes produced an effect on ocular components, with a further reduction in anterior chamber depth and an increase in vitreous chamber depth, while RG stimulation showed no effect. No effect was detected in PPGX under both achromatic protocols. With chromatic stimulation, CGX with R/G modulation increased eye length, while PPGX with B/Y modulation decreased eye length. We conclude that the two different types of parasympathetic innervations have antagonistic effects on eye growth and the anterior eye when challenged with the appropriate stimulus, with possible implications for the role of choroidal blood flow in emmetropization.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Animals; Chickens; Choroid; Emmetropia; Eye; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 35120871
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108964 -
Vestnik Oftalmologii 2022This article reviews pseudo-accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs), providing an analysis of the terminology used in this field of ophthalmology and describing the... (Review)
Review
This article reviews pseudo-accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs), providing an analysis of the terminology used in this field of ophthalmology and describing the design of modern IOLs, the technological features used to achieve pseudo-accommodation that meets the needs of patients, particularly the new extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL technology. The article presents the main types of extended depth of focus IOLs, their description, advantages and disadvantages, as well as comparison with multifocal and monofocal IOLs based on clinical studies conducted in different countries.
Topics: Humans; Visual Acuity; Prosthesis Design; Lenses, Intraocular; Accommodation, Ocular; Phacoemulsification; Pseudophakia
PubMed: 36288425
DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138051111 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Jul 2022
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 35499127
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12995 -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... Dec 2019To summarize the pharmacological strategies that are being explored for presbyopia correction. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To summarize the pharmacological strategies that are being explored for presbyopia correction.
METHODS
The review concentrates on pharmacologically induced pupillary miosis to increase depth-of-focus and lens softening or other measures to restore active accommodation.
RESULTS
Several studies suggest that near vision improves and distance vision is unaffected for many hours after either monocular or binocular instillation of any one of several drug combinations that cause miosis. Unfortunately, in most studies, measurements were limited to photopic visual acuity for near and distance vision, whereas it is anticipated that pupil constriction may have adverse effects on mesopic and scotopic vision. It is not clear whether improved near vision was due entirely to increased depth-of-focus, or whether, for example, a drug-induced myopic shift in refraction was also involved. Currently, no study has provided direct evidence for drug-induced restoration/enhancement of true accommodation involving an ocular power change.
CONCLUSIONS
Although it is possible that, in the future, pharmacological drops may offer a safe and reliable solution for presbyopia correction, more evidence of their effectiveness and limitations is required. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(12):803-814.].
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Depth Perception; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Miosis; Muscarinic Agonists; Parasympatholytics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Presbyopia; Sympathomimetics
PubMed: 31830297
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20191010-04 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... May 2021
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Activities of Daily Living; Axial Length, Eye; Humans; Hyperopia
PubMed: 33822409
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12819 -
[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese... Nov 2022Presbyopia is a physiological aging situation that the plasticity and elasticity of the lens and the function of the ciliary muscle become weaker, resulting in a... (Review)
Review
Presbyopia is a physiological aging situation that the plasticity and elasticity of the lens and the function of the ciliary muscle become weaker, resulting in a decreased accommodation and inability to focus on near objects. Nowadays, there are many clinical strategies to correct presbyopia, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, however, there is no true sense of way to restore accommodation function. This article reviews both worldwide and domestic research on presbyopia, and analyzes and summaries the status quo as well as research progress of presbyopia correction modalities, surgical approaches, and drug therapies, hoping to provide a reference for clinical works.
Topics: Humans; Presbyopia; Accommodation, Ocular; Lens, Crystalline; Ciliary Body; Aging
PubMed: 36348549
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220316-00120