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PloS One 2022A better understanding of visual performance with Multifocal Contact Lenses (MCLs) is essential, both in young eyes, where MCLs may be prescribed to control the...
A better understanding of visual performance with Multifocal Contact Lenses (MCLs) is essential, both in young eyes, where MCLs may be prescribed to control the progression of myopia wherein the MCLs optics interact with accommodation, and in presbyopes, where MCLs are increasingly used to compensate the lack of accommodation. In this study, we evaluated the through focus visual acuity (TFVA) with center-near MCLs of three additions (low, medium and high) and without an addition (NoLens) in 10 young adults and 5 presbyopes. We studied the effect of accommodation, age and pupil diameter (in cyclopleged subjects) on visual performance. The MCLs produced a small but consistent degradation at far (by 0.925 logMAR, averaged across eyes and conditions) and a consistent benefit at near in young subjects with paralyzed accommodation (by 1.025 logMAR), and in presbyopes with both paralyzed and natural accommodation (by 1.071 logMAR, on average). TFVA in young adults with NoLens and all MCLs showed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxan, p<0.01) between natural and paralyzed accommodation, but not in presbyopes with MCLs. In young adults, VA improved with increasing pupil diameter with the HighAdd MCL (0.08 logMAR shift from 3 to 5-mm pupil size). Visual imbalance (standard deviation of VA across distances) was reduced with MCLs, and decreased significantly with increasing near add. The lowest imbalance occurred in young adults under natural accommodation and was further reduced by 13.33% with MCLs with respect to the NoLens condition. Overall, the visual performance with MCLs in young adults exceeds that in presbyopes at all distances, and was better than 0.00 logMAR over the dioptric range tested. In conclusion, the center-near lenses do not degrade the near high contrast visual acuity significantly but maintains the far vision in young adults, and produce some visual benefit at near in presbyopes.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Eyeglasses; Humans; Presbyopia; Pupil; Refraction, Ocular; Young Adult
PubMed: 35298476
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263659 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Jan 2020To evaluate the changes in the accommodative response and in the corneal and internal spherical aberration during 3 months of wear of orthokeratology lenses from the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To evaluate the changes in the accommodative response and in the corneal and internal spherical aberration during 3 months of wear of orthokeratology lenses from the baseline.
METHODS
Fifty children aged 8 to 17 were recruited for a prospective study and were fitted with orthokeratology lenses. Refraction without cycloplegia, high and low uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), accommodation lag, horizontal near phoria without correction, corneal topography, corneal, and total wavefront aberration were performed at baseline, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Data were analyzed by Student's t test for related samples, repeated measures ANOVA test, and Pearson correlation test.
RESULTS
The spherical equivalent (SE) before and after 3 months was - 3.33 ± 1.60 D and - 0.30 ± 0.46 D, respectively. Accommodation lag was 0.53 ± 0.38 D and 0.20 ± 0.33 D at baseline and at 3 months, respectively. A moderate correlation between lag at the baseline and its change between baseline and the 3-month visit was found (P < 0.05; R = 0.748). The spherical aberration (SA) increased for anterior corneal and total measurement, being statistically significant for all visits (P < 0.05). The internal SA decreased: - 0.105 ± 0.006 at baseline and - 0.196 ± 0.203 at 1 week (P < 0.05). No difference between baseline and the follow-up visits in posterior corneal SA was found (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: The negative SA of the lens increases during OK treatment compensated for the increase of the anterior corneal surface positive SA, in addition to increasing the accommodative response.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adolescent; Child; Cornea; Corneal Topography; Corneal Wavefront Aberration; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Myopia; Orthokeratologic Procedures; Prospective Studies; Refraction, Ocular; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 31720836
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04504-x -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2021To assess the change in Near Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) and other accommodation parameters, before and after undergoing LASIK surgery for myopia correction.
PURPOSE
To assess the change in Near Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) and other accommodation parameters, before and after undergoing LASIK surgery for myopia correction.
METHODS
Twenty-nine myopic subjects were recruited from a tertiary eye hospital in India. Age range was 21 to 35 years with an average age of 26.1 ± 3.5 years. Mean spherical equivalent was -3.86 D ± 1.50 D presurgery. NITM, lag of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC), accommodative amplitude (AA), and binocular near accommodative facility (AF) were measured. All data were collected 21 days prior to and 30 days after LASIK surgery.
RESULTS
NITM, lag of accommodation and amplitude of accommodation were significantly lower (NITM -0.05 ± 0.15, Lag 0.38 ± 0.38, AA 10.27 ± 2.24) after surgery when compared to before (NITM 0.26 ± 0.12, Lag 0.77 ± 0.51, AA 12.18 ± 2.02; P < 0.001). Accommodative facility increased and near point of convergence was significantly more distal following surgery (AF 10.70 ± 2.29, NPC 7.96 ± 1.63) when compared to prior (AF 8.65 ± 2.74, NPC 5.62 ± 1.71; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Significant changes in NITM and accommodation function should be expected in the short term following LASIK surgery. This study supports the importance of evaluating accommodative parameters and patient counselling prior to and following refractive surgery.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adult; Humans; India; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Lasers; Myopia; Young Adult
PubMed: 34146011
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3224_20 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Dec 2019Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients' binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients' binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42018112771). All articles selected examined the relationship between neck conditions (chronic neck pain and whiplash) and the visual system in adult populations. Studies with optometric or physiotherapeutic measurements were included. Bias risk was evaluated with the modified Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Study Quality Assessment Tool. To provide complete quality assessment evidence, the authors applied the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and yielded 745 studies among all the databases. Out of these studies, 21 were finally included. Most of the studies presented a moderate methodological quality. Only one high-quality trial was found. Based on a qualitative assessment, our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and musculoskeletal system of the neck. However, the methods for the measurement of the visual system lacked uniformity.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adult; Chronic Pain; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neck Pain; Optometry; Physical Therapy Modalities; Vision Disorders; Vision, Ocular; Whiplash Injuries
PubMed: 31432534
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14224 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Mar 2022Current clinical visual assessment mainly focuses on static vision. However, static vision may not sufficiently reflect real-life visual function as moving optotypes are...
Current clinical visual assessment mainly focuses on static vision. However, static vision may not sufficiently reflect real-life visual function as moving optotypes are frequently observed daily. Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) might reflect real-life situations better, especially when objects are moving at high speeds. Myopia impacts static uncorrected distance visual acuity, conveniently corrected with eyeglasses. However, due to peripheral defocus and prism effects, eyeglass correction might affect DVA. The present research demonstrates a standard method to examine eyeglass-corrected DVA in myopia patients, and aimed to explore the influence of eyeglass correction on DVA. Initially, standard subjective refraction was performed to provide the eyeglass prescription to correct the refractive error. Then, binocular distance vision-corrected DVA was examined using the object-moving DVA protocol. Software was designed to display the moving optotypes according to the preset velocity and size on a screen. The optotype was the standard logarithmic visual chart letter E and moves from the middle of the left to the right side horizontally during the test. Moving optotypes with randomized opening direction for each size are displayed. The subjects were required to identify the opening direction of the optotype, and the DVA is defined as the minimum optotype that subjects could recognize, calculated according to the algorithm of logarithmic visual acuity. Then, the method was applied in 181 young myopic subjects with eyeglass-corrected-to-normal static visual acuity. Dominant eye, cycloplegic subjective refraction (sphere and cylinder), accommodation function (negative and positive relative accommodation, binocular cross-cylinder), and binocular DVA at 40 and 80 degrees per second (dps) were examined. The results showed that with increasing age, DVA first increased and then decreased. When myopia was fully corrected with eyeglasses, a worse binocular DVA was associated with more significant myopic refractive error. There was no correlation between the dominant eye, accommodation function, and binocular DVA.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Eyeglasses; Humans; Myopia; Refractive Errors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 35435897
DOI: 10.3791/63864 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022We investigated ocular accommodative responses and pupil diameters under different light intensities in order to explore whether changes in light intensity aid effective...
PURPOSE
We investigated ocular accommodative responses and pupil diameters under different light intensities in order to explore whether changes in light intensity aid effective accommodation function training.
METHODS
A total of 29 emmetropic and myopic subjects (age range: 12-18 years) viewed a target in dynamic ambient light (luminance: 5, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 lux) and static ambient light (luminance: 1000 lux) at a 40 cm distance with refractive correction. Accommodation and pupil diameter were recorded using an open-field infrared autorefractor and an ultrasound biological microscope, respectively.
RESULTS
The changes in the amplitude of accommodative response and pupil diameter under dynamic lighting were 1.01 ± 0.53 D and 2.80 ± 0.75 mm, respectively, whereas in static lighting, those values were 0.43 ± 0.24 D and 0.77 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The amplitude of accommodation and pupil diameter change in dynamic lighting (t = 6.097, < 0.001) was significantly larger than that under static lighting (t = 16.115, < 0.001).The effects of light level on both accommodation and pupil diameter were significant ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Accommodation was positively correlated with light intensity. The difference was about 1.0 D in the range of 0-3000 lux, which may lay the foundation for accommodative training through light intervention.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Lighting; Pupil; Refraction, Ocular; Vision Tests
PubMed: 36078207
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710490 -
Seminars in Ophthalmology Feb 2020Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating and inflammatory neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical and subclinical... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating and inflammatory neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical and subclinical ocular disturbances occur in almost all patients with MS. The objective of this narrative review was to collect and summarize the available scientific information on oculomotor, accommodative and binocular alterations that have been reported in MS. A systematic search strategy with the following descriptors was carried out: multiple sclerosis, ocular motility disorders, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, vergences, fixation, pupil reflex, accommodation and stereopsis. According to the search, some oculomotor alterations were found to be commonly reported in MS, such as alterations in saccades and nystagmus. In contrast, accommodative, vergence and stereopsis alterations have not been comprehensively studied despite their relevance, with only minimal evidence showing a potential negative impact of the disease on these aspects. In conclusion, oculomotor impairment is a common component of disability in MS patients and should be considered when managing this type of patients. More research is still needed to know the real impact of this disease on binocular vision and accommodation.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Depth Perception; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Ocular Motility Disorders; Saccades; Vision, Binocular
PubMed: 32228341
DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1744671 -
Acta Ophthalmologica May 2022The aim of the study was to evaluate strabismus, stereoacuity, accommodation and convergence in prematurely born young adults; screened for retinopathy of prematurity in...
PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to evaluate strabismus, stereoacuity, accommodation and convergence in prematurely born young adults; screened for retinopathy of prematurity in the neonatal period and compare with term-born individuals of the same age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study participants included 59 prematurely born individuals with a birthweight of ≤1,500 grams and 44 term-born controls, all born during 1988-1990 in Stockholm County, Sweden. Ocular alignment was assessed with a cover test, stereoacuity with the TNO stereo test and the amplitude of accommodation and the near point of convergence with the Royal Air Force Rule.
RESULTS
Seven of 59 (12%) preterms had manifest strabismus, 4/59 (7%) had esotropia and 3/59 (5%) exotropia. One of 44 (2%) controls had esotropia; no other controls had manifest strabismus. Stereoacuity was within normal limits in 38/59 (64%) preterms and 43/44 (98%) controls, p < 0.01; the difference remained after excluding those with strabismus. A neurological complication at 2.5 years of age was the strongest risk factor for subnormal stereoacuity within the preterm group after excluding those with strabismus. The mean amplitude of accommodation was poorer in the preterms than the controls in better (p < 0.05) and worse eyes (p < 0.05). The preterms were more likely to have an amplitude of accommodation below the minimum, according to Hofstetter's equation. There were no differences between the groups regarding the near point of convergence.
CONCLUSION
Prematurely born young adults had a higher prevalence of strabismus, reduced stereoacuity and worse amplitude of accommodation than term-born controls.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Esotropia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Strabismus; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 34313013
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14987 -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... Jun 2021Presbyopia is the consequence of the slow and progressive universal decline in the amplitude of accommodation with age, and it will eventually affect everyone. This...
Presbyopia is the consequence of the slow and progressive universal decline in the amplitude of accommodation with age, and it will eventually affect everyone. This article discusses the disease state of presbyopia and describes the classifications of its progression. .
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia
PubMed: 34170763
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20210408-05 -
Strabismus Jun 2021Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is defined as excessive alcohol consumption accompanied by psychological, physical, social, and economic disorders. Alcohol consumption...
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is defined as excessive alcohol consumption accompanied by psychological, physical, social, and economic disorders. Alcohol consumption affects motor and proprioceptive functions, decreasing motor and cognitive functions and causing attention deficits. We aim to evaluate visual function and attention, and psychological profiles in consumer and abstainer ADS patients.
METHODS
This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study evaluates visual function in a sample of ADS patients. The Portuguese version of the Brief Symptom Inventory was used to assess patients' psychological status. The orthoptic examination protocol for visual function consisted of 11 standardized tests: VA for distance and near, ocular movements, near convergence and accommodation point, cover and prismatic cover tests, fusional vergence for distance and near, near stereoacuity, chromatic vision, contrast sensitivity and visual attention.
RESULTS
The sample included 176 patients. 121 were consumers and 55 were abstainers, aged between 31 and 72. The most affected parameters of visual function were visual acuity (80.39%), contrast sensitivity (67.50%), convergence at distance (66.44%) and near stereopsis (62.75%). Visual function was impacted in both groups. Regarding psychological status, consumers had higher averages for the Depression subscale, followed by Paranoid Ideation and Obsession. Abstainers had the highest averages in the Obsession subscale, followed by Paranoid Ideation and Depression. Statistically significant differences existed between the groups in the subscales for depression (p=.046) and paranoid ideation (p =.042).
CONCLUSION
Changes in visual function and attention, as well as psychopathological function, should be considered in the rehabilitation of ADS patients.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Adult; Aged; Convergence, Ocular; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depth Perception; Humans; Middle Aged; Vision, Binocular; Vision, Ocular; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 33890536
DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1914685