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Nutrients Mar 2022Plasma homocysteine (HCY) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD and stroke. However, more than two decades of intensive research activities has... (Review)
Review
Plasma homocysteine (HCY) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD and stroke. However, more than two decades of intensive research activities has failed to demonstrate that Hcy lowering through B-vitamin supplementation results in a reduction in CVD risk. Therefore, doubts about a causal involvement of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and B-vitamin deficiencies in atherosclerosis persist. Existing evidence indicates that HHcy increases oxidative stress, causes endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, alters DNA methylation and, thus, modulates the expression of numerous pathogenic and protective genes. Moreover, Hcy can bind directly to proteins, which can change protein function and impact the intracellular redox state. As most mechanistic evidence is derived from experimental studies with rather artificial settings, the relevance of these results in humans remains a matter of debate. Recently, it has also been proposed that HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies may promote CVD through accelerated telomere shortening and telomere dysfunction. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature regarding the role of HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies in CVD. At present, the CVD risk associated with HHcy and B vitamins is not effectively actionable. Therefore, routine screening for HHcy in CVD patients is of limited value. However, B-vitamin depletion is rather common among the elderly, and in such cases existing deficiencies should be corrected. While Hcy-lowering with high doses of B vitamins has no beneficial effects in secondary CVD prevention, the role of Hcy in primary disease prevention is insufficiently studied. Therefore, more intervention and experimental studies are needed to address existing gaps in knowledge.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 35406025
DOI: 10.3390/nu14071412 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Dec 2023Future primary prevention strategies may benefit from understanding the connection between mortality in individuals with central obesity and modifiable lifestyle factors...
OBJECTIVES
Future primary prevention strategies may benefit from understanding the connection between mortality in individuals with central obesity and modifiable lifestyle factors like dietary intake. This study sought to determine whether there was a separate relationship between folate, vitamin B, and vitamin B intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the US population with central obesity.
METHODS
The study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2016. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, the association between dietary intake of B vitamins and all-cause and cause-specific mortality was examined. A total of 7718 adults with central obesity were enrolled, with a mean age of 49.87 (SD = 0.25) y at baseline.
RESULTS
Folate intake was independently associated with a decreased incidence of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). Furthermore, higher intake of vitamin B and vitamin B was inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.98; and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.65, respectively) and the finding reveal an interaction between homocysteine and vitamin B and folate on All-cause mortality CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that vitamin B and folate intake may be protective factors in individuals with central obesity. It is important to consider both their total homocysteine level and body mass index in conjunction with these nutrients. Further research is needed to validate these findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Vitamin B Complex; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity, Abdominal; Cause of Death; Folic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Pyridoxine; Homocysteine
PubMed: 37689015
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112189 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2023We aimed to investigate the efficacy of B-vitamin and folic acid supplementation in slowing down cognitive function decline among older adults. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to investigate the efficacy of B-vitamin and folic acid supplementation in slowing down cognitive function decline among older adults.
METHODS
We searched databases for trials comparing B-vitamin and folate supplementation versus placebo in older adults identified with or without impaired cognition.
RESULTS
23 articles were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. The mean difference (MD) in homocysteine levels was significant between the compared groups (MD:-4.52; 95%CI:-5.41 to 3.63, P < 0.001). However, the difference in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was non-significant between the compared groups with or without cognitive impairment (MD:0.19; 95%CI: -0.148 to 0.531, P = 0.27), and (MD:0.04; 95%CI:-0.1 to 0.18, P = 0.59), respectively. The difference in Clinical Dementia Rating-sum of box (CDR-SOB) scores was non-significant (MD:-0.16; 95%CI:-0.49 to 0.18; P = 0.36).
CONCLUSIONS
B-vitamin and folate supplementations significantly reduced homocysteine levels. However, it failed to provide significant benefits over placebo in preventing or slowing the decline in cognitive function.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Folic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Dementia; Cognition Disorders; Vitamin B Complex; Dietary Supplements; Cognition; Homocysteine
PubMed: 36940509
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.019 -
Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Oct 2023High doses of oral thiamine improve clinical fatigue scores in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic fatigue. In this study we analysed... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
High doses of oral thiamine improve clinical fatigue scores in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic fatigue. In this study we analysed plasma samples obtained in a randomised clinical trial and aimed compare levels of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6, and their related vitamers and metabolites in patients with IBD, with or without chronic fatigue and with or without effect of high dose oral thiamine for chronic fatigue.
METHODS
Blood samples from patients with fatigue were drawn prior and after thiamine exposure and only once for patients without fatigue. A wide panel of analysis were done at Bevital AS Lab.
RESULTS
Concentration of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was lower in patients with chronic fatigue compared to patients without fatigue (p = 0.02). Patients with chronic fatigue who reported a positive effect on fatigue after 4 weeks of high dose thiamine treatment had a statistically significantly lower level of riboflavin after thiamine treatment (p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
FMN and Riboflavin were associated with chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent IBD. Levels of other B vitamins and metabolites were not significantly different between the investigated groups or related to effect of the thiamine intervention.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov study identifier NCT036347359. Registered 15 August 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03634735?cond=Inflammatory%20Bowel%20Diseases&intr=Thiamine&rank=1.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B Complex; Thiamine; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Riboflavin; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 37880581
DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00741-3 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a recognized risk factor for stroke. This relationship represents one aspect of the debated `Hcy hypothesis'. Elevated... (Review)
Review
Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a recognized risk factor for stroke. This relationship represents one aspect of the debated `Hcy hypothesis'. Elevated Hcy may be an independent and treatable cause of atherosclerosis and thrombotic vascular diseases. Further observations indicate that proper dietary supplementation with B-vitamins decreases total plasma Hcy concentrations and may be an effective intervention for stroke prevention. Metabolic vitamin B deficiency is a nutritional determinant of total Hcy and stroke risk. Genetic factors may link B vitamins with stroke severity due to the impact on Hcy metabolism of polymorphism in the genes coding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine-synthase, methionine synthase reductase, and cystathionine β-synthase. Several meta-analyses of large randomized controlled trials exist. However, they are not completely in agreement about B vitamins' role, particularly folic acid levels, vitamin B, and B, in lowering the homocysteine concentrations in people at high stroke risk. A very complex relationship exists between Hcy and B vitamins, and several factors appear to modify the preventive effects of B vitamins in stroke. This review highlights the regulating factors of the active role of B vitamins active in stroke prevention. Also, inputs for further large, well-designed studies, for specific, particularly sensitive subgroups are given.
Topics: Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Stroke; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 33724098
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885341 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and... Oct 2021B vitamin therapy is a common treatment for diabetic pain and neuropathy, yet its use remains controversial in patients lacking B vitamin deficiencies. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE
B vitamin therapy is a common treatment for diabetic pain and neuropathy, yet its use remains controversial in patients lacking B vitamin deficiencies. The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence for the efficacy of B vitamin therapy in diabetic patients with neuropathy.
COMMENT
We screened the English literature for clinical studies evaluating B vitamins as a therapy for pain and neuropathy in diabetic patients. We selected 43 relevant studies for qualitative analysis based on our selection criteria. Our survey of the literature revealed substantive heterogeneity with respect to efficacies of reported outcomes, as well as study design. Most beneficial outcomes were reported against baseline measures, with few positive comparisons against placebo. This highlights the need for larger, placebo-controlled studies.
WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION
B vitamins should be considered a plausible therapy for diabetic neuropathy, but its overall efficacy remains uncertain and requires further study.
Topics: Chronic Pain; Diabetic Neuropathies; Drug Combinations; Humans; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 33565138
DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13375 -
Biochimie Jun 2020
Topics: Carbon; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32334044
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.018 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Feb 2021Clinical symptoms of B vitamin deficiency are rarely observed in ruminants because these vitamins are synthesized by the rumen microbiota. However, over the last... (Review)
Review
Clinical symptoms of B vitamin deficiency are rarely observed in ruminants because these vitamins are synthesized by the rumen microbiota. However, over the last decades, numerous reports of beneficial effects on production and metabolic efficiency of dairy cows have been published supporting that, under some conditions, B vitamin subclinical deficiency is present in these animals. Due to their roles as coenzymes or cofactors in major metabolic pathways, an adequate supply in B vitamins is critical to optimize metabolic efficiency. Nowadays, taking into account the growing interest for the Smart Farming concept, fulfilling ruminant requirements for B vitamins according to their physiological stage under different feeding management cannot be neglected. In dairy cows, B vitamin supply is greatly dependent of the activity of the ruminal microbiota. Indeed, the amount of vitamins reaching the small intestine is dependent of the utilization of the vitamins provided by the diet and their synthesis by the microorganisms present in the rumen. The two major challenges faced to determine B vitamin status of ruminants are the difficulty to estimate B vitamin supply due to the lack of knowledge on factors driving the fate of B vitamins in the digestive tract, especially in the rumen, and the choice and thresholds of biomarkers reflecting adequately the animal status. The present paper aims to present the actual state of knowledge on the methodological approaches used to estimate B vitamin supply and status of ruminant and to point out future research orientations.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactation; Milk; Nutrition Assessment; Rumen; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32485230
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.021 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2022In plants, primary and specialized metabolism have classically been distinguished as either essential for growth or required for survival in a particular environment.... (Review)
Review
In plants, primary and specialized metabolism have classically been distinguished as either essential for growth or required for survival in a particular environment. Coenzymes (organic cofactors) are essential for growth but their importance to specialized metabolism is often not considered. In line with the recent proposal of viewing primary and specialized metabolism as an integrated whole rather than segregated lots with a defined interface, we highlight here the importance of collating information on the regulation of coenzyme supply with metabolic demands using examples of vitamin B derived coenzymes. We emphasize that coenzymes can have enormous influence on the outcome of metabolic as well as engineered pathways and should be taken into account in the era of synthetic biology.
Topics: Coenzymes; Plants; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 35063913
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102170 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Feb 2023Individual B vitamins have many favorable effects on the skin and are common cosmetic ingredients. However, their formulation is demanding due to stability issues, which...
BACKGROUND
Individual B vitamins have many favorable effects on the skin and are common cosmetic ingredients. However, their formulation is demanding due to stability issues, which consequently affect the products' quality.
AIMS
We aimed to determine the quality (labeling accuracy, content determination, and content-related quality control) and stability under long-term and accelerated storage conditions of a representative sample of commercial cosmetics containing the most common B vitamins - nicotinamide, dexpanthenol, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin.
METHODS
Cyanocobalamin was determined by a previously published stability-indicating HPLC- diode array detector (DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of all hydrophilic vitamins. This method was additionally simplified and adjusted for the time-effective analysis of nicotinamide, dexpanthenol, and pyridoxine. Both methods were properly validated.
RESULTS
All labeled B vitamins were present in the 36 tested products, mostly in contents, reported effective on the skin. Thus, a straightforward correlation between vitamin contents and product prices were not observed. The content-related quality control of eight products, which quantitively specify their content, revealed significantly lower nicotinamide contents (47% and 57%) in two products and appropriate or higher nicotinamide (102%-112%) and dexpanthenol (100%-104%) contents than declared in the remaining products. The 6-month long-term and accelerated stability studies demonstrated the products' physical stability, but also revealed dexpanthenol, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin degradation, while nicotinamide was mostly stable in the tested products.
CONCLUSIONS
The obtained results provide an inside into the quality of commercial vitamin B cosmetics and highlight the importance of stability testing in the formulation of quality, efficient, and safe cosmetics.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B Complex; Pyridoxine; Vitamin A; Niacinamide; Vitamin K; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 35997631
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15321