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Current Pharmaceutical Design 2020Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders.
METHODS
The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders.
RESULTS
Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.
Topics: Humans; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 32156230
DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145935 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2022
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35939583
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2205993 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Apr 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Causality; Humans; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 33814087
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.014 -
Brain and Behavior Nov 2020Epidemiological evidence indicated a relationship between vitamin D (VD) and depression with anxiety, but their therapeutic relationship has not been fully elucidated.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Epidemiological evidence indicated a relationship between vitamin D (VD) and depression with anxiety, but their therapeutic relationship has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether VD supplementation would relieve symptoms in patients with depression and anxiety with low serum 25-hydroxy VD [25(OH) D] levels.
METHOD
Participants with low 25(OH)D levels were randomized to control or daily VD group and were followed up for 6 months. Serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were measured using commercial kits. Psychological symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), Revised Physical Anhedonia scale (RPAS), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 (HAMA-14). The trial was listed in the trial registration (http://www.medresman.org.cn/uc/index.aspx; NTR number: ChiCTR2000030130).
RESULTS
In this clinical population, no significant difference in depression symptoms was detected between VD group and control group at both baseline and at the endpoint of our study. The HAMD-17, RSAS, and RPAS scores did not change significantly between VD and control groups from baseline to endpoint (all p > .05). However, there was a significant difference in time effect of the total HAMA-14 scores between the two groups (β [95% Cl] = -2.235 [-3.818, -0.653], p = .006).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D supplementation could improve the anxiety symptoms but not depressive symptoms in depressive patients with low VD level after the 6-month intervention.
Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32945627
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1760 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 2023Long COVID is an emerging syndrome affecting 50% to 70% of COVID-19 survivors that still lacks predicting factors.
CONTEXT
Long COVID is an emerging syndrome affecting 50% to 70% of COVID-19 survivors that still lacks predicting factors.
OBJECTIVE
Due to the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, we retrospectively assessed the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and long COVID in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization.
METHODS
Long COVID was defined according to NICE guidelines. Fifty long COVID and 50 non-long-COVID subjects matched on a 1:1 basis were enrolled from an outpatient clinic post-COVID cohort seen from August to November 2020. Therapies/comorbidities affecting calcium/vitamin D/bone metabolism, and/or admission to the intensive care unit during hospitalization were exclusion criteria. 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.
RESULTS
We observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels, evaluated at follow-up, in subjects with long COVID than those without (20.1 vs 23.2 ng/mL, P = .03). Regarding the affected health areas evaluated in the entire cohort, we observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up (n = 7) than those without (n = 93) (14.6 vs 20.6 ng/mL, P = .042). In patients presenting vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), both at admission and at follow-up (n = 42), those affected by long COVID (n = 22) presented lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those not affected (n = 20) (12.7 vs 15.2 ng/mL, P = .041). In multiple regression analyses, lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID in our cohort (P = .008, OR 1.09, CI 1.01-1.16).
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 survivors with long COVID have lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than matched patients without long COVID. Our data suggest that vitamin D levels should be evaluated in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. The role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive strategy of COVID-19 sequelae should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Survivors
PubMed: 37051747
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad207 -
European Heart Journal May 2022Low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although most existing linear Mendelian randomization (MR) studies reported a...
AIMS
Low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although most existing linear Mendelian randomization (MR) studies reported a null effect of vitamin D on CVD risk, a non-linear effect cannot be excluded. Our aim was to apply the non-linear MR design to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration with CVD risk.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The non-linear MR analysis was conducted in the UK Biobank with 44 519 CVD cases and 251 269 controls. Blood pressure (BP) and cardiac-imaging-derived phenotypes were included as secondary outcomes. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was instrumented using 35 confirmed genome-wide significant variants.We also estimated the potential reduction in CVD incidence attributable to correction of low vitamin D status. There was a L-shaped association between genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D and CVD risk (Pnon-linear = 0.007), where CVD risk initially decreased steeply with increasing concentrations and levelled off at around 50 nmol/L. A similar association was seen for systolic (Pnon-linear = 0.03) and diastolic (Pnon-linear = 0.07) BP. No evidence of association was seen for cardiac-imaging phenotypes (P = 0.05 for all). Correction of serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L was predicted to result in a 4.4% reduction in CVD incidence (95% confidence interval: 1.8- 7.3%).
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of CVD. Burden of CVD could be reduced by population-wide correction of low vitamin D status.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 34891159
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab809 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem due to its worldwide high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences regarding musculoskeletal health. In... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem due to its worldwide high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences regarding musculoskeletal health. In addition, vitamin D may also be crucial for the prevention of certain extraskeletal diseases. Despite decades of intensive scientific research, several knowledge gaps remain regarding the precise definition of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency, the health benefits of improving vitamin D status, and the required vitamin D intakes. Consequently, various societies and expert groups have released heterogeneous recommendations on the dosages for vitamin D supplementation. In this brief narrative review, we outline and discuss recent advances regarding the scientific evidence arguing for a daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 international units (IU) (50 µg) of vitamin D3 to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. According to data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such a dose may improve some health outcomes and is sufficient to raise and maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) and above 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL) in >99% and >90% of the general adult population, respectively. According to large vitamin D RCTs, there are no significant safety concerns in supplementing such a dose for several years, even in individuals with an already sufficient vitamin D status at baseline. A daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 IU (50 µg) may be considered a simple, effective, and safe dosage to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in the adult general population.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38337676
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030391 -
Epigenomics Jun 2023Tweetable abstract Epigenetic insights into vitamin D deficiency, a global health concern, are described here. This editorial illuminates the role of epigenetic...
Tweetable abstract Epigenetic insights into vitamin D deficiency, a global health concern, are described here. This editorial illuminates the role of epigenetic mechanisms in understanding the molecular basis of vitamin D deficiency, shedding light on precision medicine.
Topics: Humans; Epigenesis, Genetic; Vitamin D Deficiency; DNA Methylation; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37461377
DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0246 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jan 2024Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the most common cause of hypercalcemia, is most often identified in postmenopausal women with hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone... (Review)
Review
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the most common cause of hypercalcemia, is most often identified in postmenopausal women with hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that are either frankly elevated or inappropriately normal. The clinical presentation of PHPT includes three phenotypes: target organ involvement of the renal and skeletal systems; mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia; and more recently, high PTH levels in the context of persistently normal albumin-corrected and ionized serum calcium values. The factors that determine which of these three clinical presentations is more likely to predominate in a given country include the extent to which biochemical screening is employed, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and whether a medical center or practitioner tends to routinely measure PTH levels in the evaluation of low bone density or frank osteoporosis. When biochemical screening is common, asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is the most likely form of the disease. In countries where vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and biochemical screening is not a feature of the health care system, symptomatic disease with skeletal abnormalities is likely to predominate. Finally, when PTH levels are part of the evaluation for low bone mass, the normocalcemic variant is seen. Guidelines for surgical removal of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue apply to all three clinical forms of the disease. If guidelines for surgery are not met, parathyroidectomy can also be an appropriate option if there are no medical contraindications to surgery. In settings where either the serum calcium or bone mineral density is of concern, and surgery is not an option, pharmacological approaches are available and effective. Referencing in this article the most current published articles, we review the different presentations of PHPT, with particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of target organ involvement and management.
Topics: Humans; Female; Calcium; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 30477754
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.09.013 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Exclusive breastfeeding is considered the ideal food in the first six months of life; however, paradoxically, vitamin D content in human breast milk is clearly low and... (Review)
Review
Exclusive breastfeeding is considered the ideal food in the first six months of life; however, paradoxically, vitamin D content in human breast milk is clearly low and insufficient to obtain the recommended intake of 400 IU daily. This article summarizes the extraordinary metabolism of vitamin D during pregnancy and its content in human breast milk. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women and/or nursing mothers and its potential maternal-fetal consequences are analyzed. The current guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and infants to prevent hypovitaminosis D in breastfed infants are detailed. Low vitamin D content in human breast milk is probably related to active changes in human lifestyle habits (reduced sunlight exposure).
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Breast Feeding; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Rickets; Milk, Human
PubMed: 37569256
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511881