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Nutrients Feb 2022Background: The primary objective of the study was to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] values in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD), compared to controls....
Background: The primary objective of the study was to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] values in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD), compared to controls. The secondary objective was to assess the response to a load of 150,000 U of cholecalciferol. Methods: In 50 patients with active CD and 48 controls, we evaluated the anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including insulin sensitivity estimation by the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, Matsuda Index and oral disposition index at baseline and in patients with CD also after 6 weeks of cholecalciferol supplementation. Results: At baseline, patients with CD showed a higher frequency of hypovitaminosis deficiency (p = 0.001) and lower serum 25(OH)D (p < 0.001) than the controls. Six weeks after cholecalciferol treatment, patients with CD had increased serum calcium (p = 0.017), 25(OH)D (p < 0.001), ISI-Matsuda (p = 0.035), oral disposition index (p = 0.045) and decreased serum PTH (p = 0.004) and total cholesterol (p = 0.017) values than at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) was independently negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D in CD. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D levels are lower in patients with CD compared to the controls. Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with mUFC and values of mUFC > 240 nmol/24 h are associated with hypovitaminosis D. Cholecalciferol supplementation had a positive impact on insulin sensitivity and lipids.
Topics: Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35267948
DOI: 10.3390/nu14050973 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Nov 2023Vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to be important for the immune response of the respiratory system, but the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to be important for the immune response of the respiratory system, but the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection are controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
METHODS
The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched systematically from inception to April 17,2023 to identify trials involving a randomized comparison of vitamin D supplementation versus non-vitamin D supplementation for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention or treatment.
RESULTS
We retrieved 25 eligible trials, including 8128 participants. Four trials compared the preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the results (RR 0.31; 95%CI 0.07 to 1.32) were inconclusive. Regarding the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with vitamin D supplementation, it was found that vitamin D supplementation could significantly reduce the rates of ICU admission (RR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44 to 0.89) and mechanical ventilation (RR 0.58; 95%CI 0.39 to 0.84), but had no statistically significant effect on mortality. However, in subgroup analyses based on the patients' specific conditions, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mortality in patients with vitamin D deficiency (RR 0.76; 95%CI 0.58 to 0.98).
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D supplementation may have some beneficial impact on the severity of illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, particularly in VitD deficient patients, but further studies are still needed.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37802017
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008 -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Mar 2023There is biological and epidemiological evidence supporting a role for vitamin D in the respiratory system, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with poor... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is biological and epidemiological evidence supporting a role for vitamin D in the respiratory system, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with poor health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review summarizes recent findings relevant to the role of vitamin D in COPD.
RECENT FINDINGS
The prevalence of VDD in people with COPD may be underestimated. Treatment of severe VDD [serum 25(OH)D3 < 10 ng/ml] may reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations. Vitamin D supplementation may also improve functional capacity and quality of life in people with COPD. However, there is no strong evidence that vitamin D supplementation slows the decline in lung function.
SUMMARY
Although there are many known associations between vitamin D and COPD outcomes, the causal nature of these associations and the precise benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain unclear. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Vitamin D; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 36562273
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000935 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Sep 2021To examine the associations between risk of pre-eclampsia and pregnancy levels of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and oxidative stress biomarkers.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations between risk of pre-eclampsia and pregnancy levels of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and oxidative stress biomarkers.
METHODS
A nested case-control study (n = 99; 34 cases; 65 controls) within a prospective pregnancy cohort. Maternal 25(OH)D and oxidative stress markers (six isomers of F -isoprostanes; F -isoPs) were measured in plasma at 12-18 and 24-26 gestational weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25[OH]D less than 50 nmol/L.
RESULTS
Maternal vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased 8-iso-PGF (P = 0.037), 15(R)-PGF (P = 0.004), (±)5-iPF -VI (P = 0.026) at 12-18 weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was inversely associated with 8-iso-PGF (P = 0.019) and (±)5-iPF -VI isomer (P = 0.010) at 24-26 weeks. Both maternal vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-13.75) and increased (±)5-iPF -VI (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.16-5.22) at 24-26 weeks were associated with risk of pre-eclampsia. However, the interaction test between 25(OH)D and (±)5-iPF -VI was not significant (P = 0.143).
CONCLUSION
Plasma 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/L was associated with increased oxidative stress levels during pregnancy as measured by two F -isoP isomers, including the well-studied marker 8-iso-PGF . Whether vitamin D-induced oxidative stress mediates the risk of pre-eclampsia warrants future study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33350462
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13559 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major... (Review)
Review
Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major role in it. Whether vitamin D deficiency initiates and/or aggravates chronic diseases or vice versa is unclear. It adversely affects all body systems but can be eliminated using proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure. Maintaining the population serum 25(OH)D concentration above 40 ng/mL (i.e., sufficiency) ensures a sound immune system, minimizing symptomatic diseases and reducing infections and the prevalence of chronic diseases. This is the most cost-effective way to keep a population healthy and reduce healthcare costs. Vitamin D facilitates physiological functions, overcoming pathologies such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and maintaining broader immune functions. These are vital to overcoming chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in addition to following essential public health and nutritional guidance, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency should be an integral part of better health, preventing acute and chronic diseases and minimize their complications. Those with severe vitamin D deficiency have the highest burdens of co-morbidities and are more vulnerable to developing complications and untimely deaths. Vitamin D adequacy improves innate and adaptive immune systems. It controls excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, generates antimicrobial peptides, and neutralizes antibodies via immune cells. Consequently, vitamin D sufficiency reduces infections and associated complications and deaths. Maintaining vitamin D sufficiency reduces chronic disease burden, illnesses, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Vulnerable communities, such as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries, older people, those with co-morbidities, routine night workers, and institutionalized persons, have the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency-they would significantly benefit from vitamin D and targeted micronutrient supplementation. At least now, health departments, authorities, and health insurance companies should start assessing, prioritizing, and encouraging this economical, non-prescription, safe micronutrient to prevent and treat acute and chronic diseases. This approach will significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs and ensure healthy aging.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Micronutrients; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37630813
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163623 -
Clinical Cardiology Jul 2023Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have investigated vitamin D levels in VVS patients. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to review these studies to find possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D levels with VVS. International databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched with keywords related to "vasovagal syncope" and "vitamin D." Studies were screened and the data were extracted from them. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for vitamin D levels in comparison to VVS patients and controls. Also, VVS occurrence was measured and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for comparison of vitamin D deficient cases and nondeficient individuals. Six studies were included with 954 cases investigated. Meta-analysis showed that patients with VVS had significantly lower vitamin D serum levels in comparison to non-VVS cases (SMD -1.05, 95% CI -1.54 to -0.57, p-value < .01). Moreover, VVS occurrence was higher in vitamin D-deficient individuals (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.40 to 12.27, p-value < .01). Our findings which show lower vitamin D levels in VVS patients can have clinical implications in order for clinicians to pay attention to this when approaching VVS. Further randomized controlled trials are certainly warranted to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with VVS.
Topics: Humans; Tilt-Table Test; Syncope, Vasovagal; Syncope; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37226313
DOI: 10.1002/clc.24035 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are one of the main reasons that the pediatric population goes to the doctor. The connection between ARTI and vitamin D (VD)... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are one of the main reasons that the pediatric population goes to the doctor. The connection between ARTI and vitamin D (VD) is currently debated by the medical community, and so far, there has been little agreement with regard to the ideal level of 25(OH)D concentration that would provide protection for the respiratory tract, or the effectiveness of its administration in the treatment of respiratory infections. The purpose of this literature review was to bring attention to the immunomodulatory and antiviral function of vitamin D and its relation to the respiratory system by examining the main ARTIs, including SARS-CoV-2. The latter has affected the pediatric population in different ways, from asymptomatic patients to severe forms with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although there are not much clinical data on the SARS-CoV-2 disease in the pediatric population worldwide, we tried to find out whether there is a connection between the severity of this disease, other ARTIs, and vitamin D supplementation. We also aimed to find out if 25OHD deficiency had an adverse effect on the evolution of the disease and the recovery period in the case of younger patients affected by COVID-19. For this literature review, the PICO framework was selected as the methodological approach. Our results demonstrated many methods by which this vitamin may lower the risk of ARTI with regard to the COVID-19 infection. Despite these significant advancements, more research is needed to support the idea that 25(OH)D concentration can influence the evolution of respiratory tract infections in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Vitamin D; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37571367
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153430 -
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Dec 2021Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a condition where vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent. This potentially offers a modifiable risk factor to reduce the risk for and the severity of respiratory infection in people with schizophrenia, although there is as yet no evidence regarding the risk of COVID-19. In this narrative review, we describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia, report the research examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 and discuss the associations between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection, including its immunomodulatory mechanism of action.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Schizophrenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32912355
DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.107 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2022The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PROBLEM
The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to April 13th 2020. All the study measured the serum 25-OHD level in children, or classified the children based on the 25-OHD level into severe vitamin D deficiency, insufficient deficiency and comparing the prevalence of asthma in childhood were included in our study.
SAMPLE
A total of 35 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 24 studies were included for analyzing the association between 25-OHD level and asthma, and 12 studies evaluated the treatment effect of vitamin D.
RESULTS
The children with asthma (5711 participants) had significant lower 25-OHD level than children without asthma (21,561 participants) (21.7 ng/ml versus 26.5 ng/ml, SMD = -1.36, 95% = -2.40--0.32, P = 0.010). Besides, the children with asthma treated with vitamin D supplement had a significantly lower recurrence rate than the placebo group (18.4% versus 35.9%, RR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.35-0.79, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Children with asthma had a lower 25-OHD level than healthy children. Vitamin D supplement could decrease the asthma recurrence rate in the follow-up years.
IMPLICATIONS
This study implies that lower 25-OHD may cause asthma in childhood.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34366195
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.07.005 -
Military Medicine May 2022Vitamin D is critically important to numerous physiologic functions, including bone health. Poor vitamin D status is a common but underrecognized problem that... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is critically important to numerous physiologic functions, including bone health. Poor vitamin D status is a common but underrecognized problem that predisposes the military population to stress fracture and completed fracture. This has significant implications for force health protection, warfighter readiness, attrition, and cost. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency is still underdiagnosed and undertreated in the military. This is a major hindrance to military readiness and one that could easily be modified with awareness, prevention, and early treatment. In this commentary, we review the literature on vitamin D deficiency and critically examine the current status of policies and clinical practice related to vitamin D in the military health system. We offer several practical recommendations to increase awareness and readiness while decreasing musculoskeletal injury and the associated costs.
Topics: Fractures, Stress; Humans; Military Personnel; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34626466
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab402