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The Journal of Family Practice Jan 2023THE COMPARISONA Vitiligo in a young Hispanic female, which spared the area under a ring. The patient has spotty return of pigment on the hand after narrowband...
THE COMPARISONA Vitiligo in a young Hispanic female, which spared the area under a ring. The patient has spotty return of pigment on the hand after narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) treatment.B Vitiligo on the hand in a young Hispanic male.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Vitiligo; Ultraviolet Therapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36749979
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0550 -
Cutis Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Hypopigmentation
PubMed: 37075191
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0693 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo
PubMed: 37702642
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.08.008 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Antirheumatic Agents; Methotrexate; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Treatment Outcome; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37516357
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.1016 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Hypopigmentation; Dermatology
PubMed: 38184279
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.040 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020The autoimmune basis of segmental vitiligo (SV) has only recently been recognized. Systemic autoimmune diseases are less frequently associated compared to non-segmental... (Review)
Review
The autoimmune basis of segmental vitiligo (SV) has only recently been recognized. Systemic autoimmune diseases are less frequently associated compared to non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), but localized skin disorders - in particular linear morphea - have been repeatedly observed in patients with SV. The inflammatory response is documented on a clinical level with cases displaying erythematous borders or a hypochromic stage, on a histopathological level with predominantly CD8 lymphocytes migrating toward the basal layer and by flow cytometry demonstrating the antimelanocyte specificity of these cytotoxic T cells. The increased risk for halo naevi and NSV in these patients further underline the immune-mediated mechanisms of SV. Nonetheless, the localized and unique distribution pattern points to somatic mosaicism. This places SV in a category of similar diseases such as lichen striatus, blaschkitis, linear lupus erythematosus, and linear scleroderma where an immune reaction against genetically mutated skin cells is believed to be the underlying cause. All these disorders are characterized by a young age of onset, a temporary disease activity with spontaneous resolution, limited response to treatment, and often long-term sequelae. Although challenging, genetic research proving this genetic mosaicism could offer crucial insights into the pathogenesis of both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Humans; Mosaicism; Vitiligo
PubMed: 33193342
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568447 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Innate; Vitiligo
PubMed: 34249018
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711080 -
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Mar 2023The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8 T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo.
AREAS COVERED
This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions.
EXPERT OPINION
Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Melanocytes; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 36947026
DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2019Cutaneous melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, whereas vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive destruction of skin... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, whereas vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive destruction of skin melanocytes. However, vitiligo has been associated with cutaneous melanoma since the 1970s. Most of the antigens recognized by the immune system are expressed by both melanoma cells and normal melanocytes, explaining why the autoimmune response against melanocytes that led to vitiligo could be also present in melanoma patients. Leukoderma has been also observed as a side effect of melanoma immunotherapy and has always been associated with a favorable prognosis. In this review, we discuss several characteristics of the immune system responses shared by melanoma and vitiligo patients, as well as the significance of occurrence of leukoderma during immunotherapy, with special attention to check-point inhibitors.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Prognosis; Vitiligo
PubMed: 31731645
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225731 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research Jul 2021This is an exciting phase of vitiligo research with the current understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis and its translation to successful treatment. The pathogenetic... (Review)
Review
This is an exciting phase of vitiligo research with the current understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis and its translation to successful treatment. The pathogenetic origin of vitiligo revolves around autoimmunity with supporting role from many other factors like oxidative stress, inherent melanocyte defects, or defective keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Vitiligo can be classified into segmental or non-segmental depending upon the clinical presentation, or it can be classified as progressing or stable based on the activity of the disease. Vitiligo treatments need to be stratified depending upon which type of vitiligo we are treating and at which phase the vitiligo patient presents to us. There are two different aims of treatment of vitiligo. The first involves rescuing the melanocytes from the damage to arrest the depigmentation. The second strategy focuses on replenishing the melanocytes so that successful repigmentation is achieved. It is also important to maintain the disease in a stable phase or prevent relapse. As stability in non-segmental vitiligo is a dynamic process, maintenance of the stability of repigmentation is also an important consideration in the management of vitiligo. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the current options and future insight into the management of vitiligo.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Phototherapy; Severity of Illness Index; Translational Research, Biomedical; Vitiligo
PubMed: 33756039
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12974