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Molecular Vision 2020To investigate the relationship between inflammation in the vitreous and diabetic retinopathy.
PURPOSE
To investigate the relationship between inflammation in the vitreous and diabetic retinopathy.
METHODS
Vitreous samples from 21 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 21 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 21 nondiabetic patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (control) were studied. The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and adiponectin levels in the vitreous were detected in all samples with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were stored at -80 °C until analyzed.
RESULTS
The TNF-α levels in the vitreous were not statistically significant between all groups (p>0.005). The mean IFN-γ levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with PDR (70.98 pg/ml) and patients with NPDR (46.61 pg/ml) than in nondiabetic patients (22.02 pg/ml). There was a difference in the IFN-γ levels in the vitreous between patients with PDR and patients with NPDR (p<0.005). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations in the vitreous were not different between all groups (p>0.05). There was a correlation between the IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. We investigated the statistically significantly decreased levels of adiponectin in the proliferative (p<0.05) and nonproliferative (p<0.05) diabetic eyes compared to the nondiabetic eyes.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the vitreous were found in patients with diabetes compared to nondiabetic patients. Decreased levels of adiponectin in the vitreous were found in patients with diabetes compared to nondiabetic patients. The data support the hypothesis that inflammation is associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 33209014
DOI: No ID Found -
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports Jul 2022This is the first case series of a novel method of collecting and transporting a vitreous specimen after a vitreous tap and injection for infectious endophthalmitis.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
This is the first case series of a novel method of collecting and transporting a vitreous specimen after a vitreous tap and injection for infectious endophthalmitis.
METHODS
Case series.
RESULTS
Four consecutive cases of presumed infectious endophthalmitis underwent an in-office vitreous tap and antibiotic injection. The vitreous specimen was injected into the ESwab liquid-based collection and transport system for microbiology samples. Three of the four cases had a positive culture.
CONCLUSION
The ESwab is a simple and efficacious method of collecting a vitreous specimen, increasing the probability of a positive culture, particularly when there is a delay between specimen collection and delivery to the laboratory for processing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Techniques; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 32541443
DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001012 -
Drug Discovery Today Aug 2019Intravitreal injection is one of the major administration routes for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. Intravitreal therapeutics usually suffer from... (Review)
Review
Intravitreal injection is one of the major administration routes for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. Intravitreal therapeutics usually suffer from unsatisfactory efficacy owing to fast clearance from the vitreous humour and insufficient distribution into the retina. Engineered nanoparticles have been applied for specific tissue targeting over the past decades. In this review, we summarize the most recent research utilizing intravitreal nanoparticles to deliver therapeutics to the retina. Herein, the achievement made in preclinical research and challenges remaining in the field are highlighted. Parameters including size, charge, stability and choice of modified ligand on intraocular distribution and transport are also systematically discussed based on a proposed pharmacokinetic model. We provide insights for rational design principles for intravitreal nanoparticles for targeted retinal delivery.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Nanoparticles; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Retina; Tissue Distribution; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 31102730
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.005 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Oct 2022Vitreoretinal mechanics plays an important role in retinal trauma and many sight-threatening diseases. In age-related pathologies, such as posterior vitreous detachment... (Review)
Review
Vitreoretinal mechanics plays an important role in retinal trauma and many sight-threatening diseases. In age-related pathologies, such as posterior vitreous detachment and vitreomacular traction, lingering vitreoretinal adhesions can lead to macular holes, epiretinal membranes, retinal tears and detachment. In age-related macular degeneration, vitreoretinal traction has been implicated in the acceleration of the disease due to the stimulation of vascular growth factors. Despite this strong mechanobiological influence on trauma and disease in the eye, fundamental understanding of the mechanics at the vitreoretinal interface is limited. Clarification of adhesion mechanisms and the role of vitreoretinal mechanics in healthy eyes and disease is necessary to develop innovative treatments for these pathologies. In this review, we evaluate the existing literature on the structure and function of the vitreoretinal interface to gain insight into age- and region-dependent mechanisms of vitreoretinal adhesion. We explore the role of vitreoretinal adhesion in ocular pathologies to identify knowledge gaps and future research areas. Finally, we recommend future mechanics-based studies to address the critical needs in the field, increase fundamental understanding of vitreoretinal mechanisms and disease, and inform disease treatments.
Topics: Humans; Retinal Perforations; Tissue Adhesions; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 35963021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105399 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Jul 2021
Topics: Fovea Centralis; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Retinal Diseases; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 33965994
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003201 -
International Ophthalmology Jul 2023To research whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels could be used to evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression and to compare vitreous VEGF...
PURPOSE
To research whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels could be used to evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression and to compare vitreous VEGF levels after injections of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), ranibizumab (IVR), and triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
METHODS
We enrolled a total of 91 eyes of 89 subjects (70 eyes of 68 diabetics and 21 eyes of 21 non-diabetic controls). The diabetic subjects were divided into three groups as PDR (n = 28), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20), and no-DR (n = 20). Eyes with PDR (n = 31) were injected with IVB (n = 7), IVR (n = 10), or IVTA (n = 6) 3 days before vitrectomy, and eight eyes did not receive an injection. Serum and vitreous samples were collected before vitrectomy and analyzed using ELISA.
RESULTS
We found the severity of retinopathy was not correlated with serum VEGF levels (P = .919, ρ = -0.011). Compared with the controls, vitreous VEGF was higher in the PDR (P < .001), whereas serum VEGF did not differ (P = .99). The controls had lower vitreous VEGF than the IVB, IVR, and no-injection subgroups (P = .01, P < .001, and P = .04, respectively). Vitreous VEGF was similar among the injected and no-injection subgroups (P = .17).
CONCLUSIONS
Serum VEGF levels may not directly reflect retinopathy progression. Neither IVB, IVR nor IVTA could eliminate vitreous VEGF levels within 3 days before vitrectomy.
Topics: Humans; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Diabetic Retinopathy; Vitreous Body; Bevacizumab; Ranibizumab; Vitrectomy; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36580154
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02620-y -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Aug 2019
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eye Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 30690579
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz029 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Several common ocular diseases are leading causes of irreversible visual impairment. Over the last decade, various mainly untargeted metabolic studies have been... (Review)
Review
Several common ocular diseases are leading causes of irreversible visual impairment. Over the last decade, various mainly untargeted metabolic studies have been performed to show that metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. A number of metabolites in plasma/serum, aqueous or vitreous humor, or in tears have been found to differ between patients and controls; among them are L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, which are essential for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The metabolic profile of carnitines regarding a variety of diseases has attracted researchers' interest. In this review, we present and discuss recent advances that have been made in the identification of carnitines as potential metabolic biomarkers in common ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal vein occlusion, primary open-angle glaucoma, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and dry eye syndrome.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Ophthalmology; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Carnitine; Vitreous Body; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36555822
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416183 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Apr 2021To report a case of vitreous seeding in a medium-sized choroidal melanoma and review the literature. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To report a case of vitreous seeding in a medium-sized choroidal melanoma and review the literature.
METHODS
Observational case report and review of literature for pathogenesis, role of vitreous biopsy, and treatment outcomes.
RESULTS
A case of 57-year-old man diagnosed with vitreous seeding in the left eye 1 year after episcleral brachytherapy for medium-sized choroidal melanoma. The patient was initially diagnosed to have subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage due to rupture of a retinal artery macroaneurysm for which focal laser and intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections were administered. Over the next 9 months, the vitreous hemorrhage cleared and choroidal melanoma with retinal invasion became evident. One year after brachytherapy, the primary tumor regressed with resolution of surrounding subretinal fluid and hemorrhage. However, gradual decline in the visual acuity from 20/50 to 20/500 with increase of pigmented debris over the retinal surface and in the vitreous cavity was noted. A vitreous biopsy confirmed the presence of viable melanoma cells (epithelioid type), and the eye was enucleated. Histopathology showed microscopic persistence of primary tumor with diffuse vitreous seeding.
CONCLUSION
Vitreous seeding of choroidal melanoma poses a diagnostic and management challenge.
Topics: Brachytherapy; Choroid Neoplasms; Eye Enucleation; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Seeding; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 33009220
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002989 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Mar 2020
Topics: Choroid; Costs and Cost Analysis; Humans; Retinal Detachment; Vitrectomy; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 32151347
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.12.006