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Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2024An understanding of ranges in clitoral anatomy is important for clinicians caring for patients including those who have had female genital mutilation, women seeking... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
An understanding of ranges in clitoral anatomy is important for clinicians caring for patients including those who have had female genital mutilation, women seeking genital cosmetic surgery, or trans women seeking reconstructive surgery. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the ranges in clitoral measurements within the literature. A meta-analysis was performed on Ovid Medline and Embase databases following the PRISMA protocol. Measurements of clitoral structures from magnetic imaging resonance, ultrasound, cadaveric, and living women were extracted and analyzed. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The range in addition to the average length and width of the glans (6.40 mm; 5.14 mm), body (25.46 mm; 9.00 mm), crura (52.41 mm; 8.71 mm), bulb (52.00 mm; 10.33 mm), and prepuce (23.19 mm) was calculated. Furthermore, the range and average distance from the clitoris to the external urethral meatus (22.27 mm), vagina (43.14 mm), and anus (76.30 mm) was documented. All erectile and non-erectile structures of the clitoris present with substantial range. It is imperative to expand the literature on clitoral measurements and disseminate the new results to healthcare professionals and the public to reduce the sense of inadequacy and the chances of iatrogenic damage during surgery.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Clitoris; Vulva; Vagina; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37775965
DOI: 10.1002/ca.24113 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Oct 2022
Topics: Female; Humans; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 35780810
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.055 -
Pediatric Dermatology Sep 2022
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Vulva; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 36206215
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15010 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... May 2023This is the first of two articles providing an overview of the female reproductive system. This article looks at the internal organs associated with the female...
This is the first of two articles providing an overview of the female reproductive system. This article looks at the internal organs associated with the female reproductive system, as well as the vulva. The author describes the relevant pathophysiology and provides an outline of disorders associated with these reproductive organs. The role of health professionals in managing and treating these disorders is discussed, and the importance of providing women-centred care highlighted. A case study and care plan is used to illustrate the importance of individualised care, including history taking, assessment of the presenting symptoms, treatment strategies, health education and advice on follow-up actions. A second article will provide an overview of breasts.
Topics: Humans; Female; Health Education; Genitalia; Vulva; Reproductive Health
PubMed: 37173086
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.9.420 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Vulva; Skin Abnormalities
PubMed: 35841352
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_369_2021 -
PLoS Biology Feb 2022In this issue of PLOS Biology, Lattmann and colleagues report a new function for proteins of the DNA prereplication complex promoting the anchor cell to invade through...
In this issue of PLOS Biology, Lattmann and colleagues report a new function for proteins of the DNA prereplication complex promoting the anchor cell to invade through the basement membrane and initiate vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Chromosomes; Female; Vulva
PubMed: 35196311
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001549 -
Journal of Sex Research Sep 2021Labiaplasty - a common form of female genital cosmetic surgery involving the removal of portions of the labia minora - is becoming increasingly popular, yet little...
Labiaplasty - a common form of female genital cosmetic surgery involving the removal of portions of the labia minora - is becoming increasingly popular, yet little research has examined perceptions of postoperative labia relative to perceptions of unaltered labia. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine perceptions of preoperative and postoperative labia. A sample of 4513 participants - 42% women, 56% men, and 3% non-binary ( 27.01, = 9.97) - was shown a randomized series of "before-and-after" images of labiaplasty procedures. Participants rated each image on how well it matched societal ideals, their personal ideal, and perceived normalcy in appearance. Our hypothesis that postoperative labia would be evaluated more favorably than preoperative labia on these constructs was supported. Individuals who specified their gender outside of the binary rated labia more positively overall; women rated labia more negatively than participants of other genders. Ratings were consistently low overall for both pre- and postoperative labia, suggesting critically negative perceptions of female genitalia. Our findings highlight a need for interventions and education to encourage more positive and accurate views of women's bodies.
Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Genitalia, Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Male; Perception; Vulva
PubMed: 32852222
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1808563 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) May 2024The purpose of a standard terminology is to facilitate communication. Thus, changing the name of an anatomical structure or the meaning of an anatomical term undermines... (Review)
Review
The purpose of a standard terminology is to facilitate communication. Thus, changing the name of an anatomical structure or the meaning of an anatomical term undermines that aspiration and cuts connections with anatomy's long history. Two types of anatomical terms are the most vulnerable to logical arguments for revision-ones that are descriptive, but viewed, at least by some, as inaccurate, and ones that contain words that are polysemic or vague. A half dozen examples of each type are discussed, including ductus deferens, glandula seminalis, articulationes costochondrales, vulva and fascia. In general, traditional terms should be preserved, but judgments about which terms are traditional should be based on five centuries of modern anatomy, not just the past several decades.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Seminal Vesicles; Fascia; Communication; Ribs; Vulva; Anatomy
PubMed: 37377292
DOI: 10.1002/ca.24085 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Jul 2020Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a frequent, underreported and underdiagnosed condition. Ospemifene is a third-generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a frequent, underreported and underdiagnosed condition. Ospemifene is a third-generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that has been shown to be effective in women with VVA and dyspareunia, vaginal dryness and vulvar vestibular symptoms. Some of the possible side effects included by FDA and EMA are hot flushes, headache, muscle spasms, vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge. Ospemifene does not increase the incidence of endometrial cancer or hyperplasia. While the efficacy is comparable with that of estrogenic treatments, ospemifene is not only well tolerated and safe but also reduces bone turnover in postmenopausal women, and available data indicate no safety concerns for breast tissue.
Topics: Atrophy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Dyspareunia; Female; Humans; Tamoxifen; Treatment Outcome; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 32329400
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1757058 -
West African Journal of Medicine Mar 2023The vulva and vagina are of great significance to womanhood owing to the myriads of specialized functions they perform. The diseases of this organ have physical, social,...
INTRODUCTION
The vulva and vagina are of great significance to womanhood owing to the myriads of specialized functions they perform. The diseases of this organ have physical, social, mental, and psychological ramifications. The aim of this work is to study the pathological pattern and clinical presentation of diseases of the vulva and vagina at the Department of Anatomical Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1st January 2011 and December 31st, 2020.
METHODOLOGY
This study is descriptive of all cases of histologically diagnosed vulval and vaginal lesions seen at the Center. Histological diagnosis, biodata, and clinical information of patients were retrieved from the medical records. Data realized were analyzed and presented in tables as simple frequencies, percentages, ranges, and measures of central tendencies.
RESULTS
Two hundred and fifteen vulval and vaginal biopsies were included in the study. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologically diagnosed lesion accounting for 70(32.6%) cases of all lesions and 77.8% of all malignancies. The second commonest lesion and the most frequent benign pathology is the Condyloma acuminatum (viral warts) which accounted for 41(19.1%) cases. The age bracket 20 to 59 years constituted 79.5% of cases (171 cases). The age range, mean, median, and mode in years were 5.0-85.0, 39.5+15.9, 38.0, and 50.0 respectively.
CONCLUSION
Squamous cell carcinoma and veneral warts are the commonest lesions of the vulva and vagina in our environment. Robust vaccination programs against the etiological agent, the human papilloma virus is highly recommended.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Vulva; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Health Facilities; Vaginal Diseases; Warts
PubMed: 37017190
DOI: No ID Found