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Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Mar 2023The persistence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in different postmortem COVID-19 specimens remain unclear despite numerous published studies. This information is essential... (Review)
Review
The persistence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in different postmortem COVID-19 specimens remain unclear despite numerous published studies. This information is essential to improve corpses management related to clinical biosafety and viral transmission in medical staff and the public community. We aim to understand SARS-CoV-2 persistence and infectivity in COVID-19 corpses. We conducted a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocols. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using specific keywords. We critically reviewed the collected studies and selected the articles that met the criteria. We included 33 scientific papers that involved 491 COVID-19 corpses. The persistence rate and maximum postmortem interval (PMI) range of the SARS-CoV-2 findings were reported in the lungs (138/155, 89.0%; 4 months), followed by the vitreous humor (7/37, 18.9%; 3 months), nasopharynx/oropharynx (156/248, 62.9%; 41 days), abdominal organs (67/110, 60.9%; 17 days), skin (14/24, 58.3%; 17 days), brain (14/31, 45.2%; 17 days), bone marrow (2/2, 100%; 12 days), heart (31/69, 44.9%; 6 days), muscle tissues (9/83, 10.8%; 6 days), trachea (9/20, 45.0%; 5 days), and perioral tissues (21/24, 87.5%; 3.5 days). SARS-CoV-2 infectivity rates in viral culture studies were detected in the lungs (9/15, 60%), trachea (2/4, 50%), oropharynx (1/4, 25%), and perioral (1/4, 25%) at a maximum PMI range of 17 days. The SARS-CoV-2 persists in the human body months after death and should be infectious for weeks. This data should be helpful for postmortem COVID-19 management and viral transmission preventive strategy.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Oropharynx; Nasopharynx; Cadaver
PubMed: 36001241
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00518-w -
Medicine Nov 2023During pregnancy and postpartum, changes in biomechanics can cause dysfunctions in the myofascial system, such as rectus abdominis diastasis, various types of pain, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
During pregnancy and postpartum, changes in biomechanics can cause dysfunctions in the myofascial system, such as rectus abdominis diastasis, various types of pain, and pelvic floor dysfunction. These common postpartum problems seriously threaten women's health. Myofascial therapy, as an effective means of improving biomechanics, has no unified understanding of its therapeutic effects on postpartum functional disorders. This study aims to systematically evaluate the rehabilitative effects of myofascial therapy on postpartum rectus abdominis diastasis, low back and leg pain, and pelvic floor dysfunction through a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of databases in Chinese and English was performed through May 2023. The treatment methods were randomized controlled studies using myofascial therapy in the treatment of rectus abdominis separation, lumbo-leg pain, and pelvic floor dysfunction. The main outcome indicators were abdominal circumference, rectus abdominis separation distance, visual analogue pain score, pelvic floor muscle potential, ability to live daily activities, number of events, and treatment effectiveness.
RESULTS
There were 22 studies, including 2235 patients. The result showed that compared with control group, myofascial therapy demonstrated to reduce abdominal circumference and rectus abdominis separation index, improve lumbar function significantly, and decrease urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. In the myofascial therapy group, pelvic floor muscle strength was significantly enhanced, anterior/posterior resting potential of pelvic floor muscle was significantly decreased, and pelvic floor muscle potential was enhanced. Compared with the control group, the number of patients with various types of pain and pain scores were significantly reduced after myofascial therapy. When myofascial therapy lasted <4 weeks, pain relief was greater. In the myofascial therapy group, the ability to perform daily activities was significantly improved. An analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment showed that after myofascial therapy, the patient's symptoms improved significantly. There also saw low heterogeneity among all outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The results suggested that myofascial therapy could effectively reduce rectus abdominis separation, relieve pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, enhance lumbar function, relieve pain, and improve the ability of daily living activities. All the data demonstrated that myofascial therapy had a good therapeutic effect on postpartum dysfunction.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Rectus Abdominis; Leg; Postpartum Period; Abdominal Muscles; Puerperal Disorders; Pelvic Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37932976
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035761 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2023Urinary incontinence (UI) is a condition that is more common in women than men and has an increasing prevalence with age. It provides a range of psychological and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a condition that is more common in women than men and has an increasing prevalence with age. It provides a range of psychological and physical burdens that negatively affect the patient's quality of life (QoL). However, the economic burden for the healthcare system is being augmented due to the increasing life expectancy of the population. This article aims to identify the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the QoL in women with UI. : A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest medicine, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. The terms selected according to components of PICOS were women with urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle training, watchful or other types of therapies, quality of life, randomized controlled trials, and interventional or observational studies. The articles included were those published between November 2018 and November 2022. Ten articles were found for the systematic review and eight for the meta-analysis. : The QoL moderately increased when PFMT was used on women with UI, the results indicating an overall small effect on the QoL across the controlled studies and a moderate effect on the QoL across the one-group pre-post-studies. : Specific QoL domains, such as social activities and general health, also demonstrated benefits from PFMT interventions. This study confirmed the effectiveness of PFMT on the QoL in women with UI, mainly for patients with stress urinary incontinence.
Topics: Female; Humans; Exercise Therapy; Pelvic Floor; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 37374208
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061004 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Aug 2022Body composition parameters are not captured by measures of body mass, which may explain inconsistent associations between body weight and prostate cancer (PC) risk. The...
Body composition parameters are not captured by measures of body mass, which may explain inconsistent associations between body weight and prostate cancer (PC) risk. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the association between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) parameters and PC risk. A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified case-control and cohort studies that measured body composition in relation to PC risk. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Thirteen observational studies were included, of which 8 were case-control studies (n = 1572 cases, n = 1937 controls) and 5 were prospective cohort studies (n = 7854 incident cases with PC). The NOS score was 5.9 ± 1.1 for case-control studies and 8.4 ± 1.3 for cohort studies. The most common body composition technique was bioelectrical impedance analysis (n = 9 studies), followed by DXA (n = 2), computed tomography (n = 2), air displacement plethysmography (n = 1), and MRI (n = 1). No case-control studies reported differences in %FM between PC cases and controls and no consistent differences in FM or FFM (in kilograms) were observed. Two out of 5 cohort studies reported that higher %FM was associated with lower PC risk. Conversely, 3 cohort studies reported a greater risk of being diagnosed with advanced/aggressive PC with higher FM (expressed in kilograms, %FM, or fat distribution). Two out of 4 studies (both case-control and cohort) found that higher abdominal adipose tissue was associated with increased PC risk. In conclusion, although results were inconsistent, there is some evidence that FM may be negatively associated with total PC risk but positively associated with the risk of advanced/aggressive PC; modest evidence suggests that abdominal adipose tissue may increase the risk of PC. Future work should elucidate unique patterns of FM distribution and PC risk to triage men at risk for developing PC. This study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database as CRD42019133388.
Topics: Humans; Male; Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Electric Impedance; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 34918023
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab153 -
Annals of Transplantation Mar 2022Short bowel syndrome is the most common etiology of intestinal failure, resulting from either resections of different intestinal segments or a congenital condition. Due...
Short bowel syndrome is the most common etiology of intestinal failure, resulting from either resections of different intestinal segments or a congenital condition. Due to the absence or considerable reduction of intestinal loops in the abdominal cavity, patients with short bowel syndrome present with atrophy and muscle retraction of the abdominal wall, which leads to loss of abdominal domain and elasticity. This complication is an aggravating factor of intestinal transplantation since it can prevent the primary closure of the abdominal wall. A vast array of surgical techniques to overcome the challenges of the complexity of the abdominal wall have been described in the literature. The aim of our study was to review the modalities of abdominal wall closure in intestinal/multivisceral transplantation. Our study consisted of a systematic review following the methodological instructions described in the PRISMA guidelines. Duplicate studies and studies that did not meet the criteria for the systematic review were excluded, especially those without relevance and an explicit relationship with the investigated theme. After this step, 63 articles were included in our study. The results obtained with these techniques have been encouraging, but a high incidence of wound complications in some reports has raised concerns. There is no consensus among transplantation centers regarding which technique would be ideal and with higher success rates and lower rates of complications.
Topics: Humans; Abdominal Wall; Incidence; Intestines; Organ Transplantation; Wound Closure Techniques
PubMed: 35228508
DOI: 10.12659/AOT.934595 -
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Apr 2022To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2020, while abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conferences were searched from 2014 to 2020. Eligible articles examined the association of body composition measures, such as fat mass (e.g., fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures, with overall survival in prostate cancer patients at any treatment stage. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting multivariable or univariable analysis assessing the associations of fat mass measures (i.e., fat mass, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures with overall survival.
RESULTS
Sixteen cohort studies that comprised 4807 men with prostate cancer were included. Total adiposity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75-1.28, p = 0.888) and VAT (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.74-1.43, p = 0.873) were not significantly associated with overall survival, while higher subcutaneous adipose tissue levels were associated with higher survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54-0.84, p = 0.001). Greater mortality risk was found in patients with localised (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40-2.62, p < 0.001) and advanced disease (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07-1.92, p = 0.020) presenting with low levels of muscle mass compared to those presenting with high levels.
DISCUSSION
These results indicate that although overall adiposity should be cautiously interpreted in regards to survival, high muscle mass and SAT, and low VAT/SAT ratio values are associated with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Subcutaneous Fat; Adiposity; Obesity; Muscles
PubMed: 34420038
DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00442-0 -
TouchREVIEWS in Endocrinology May 2023As age increases, adipose tissue infiltrates muscle tissue and leads to sarcopenia. When excessive accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied progressive decrease in... (Review)
Review
As age increases, adipose tissue infiltrates muscle tissue and leads to sarcopenia. When excessive accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied progressive decrease in lean body mass especially visceral fat, termed as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and related metabolic intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is an ectopic tissue found between muscle groups, and is distinct from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Until now, the association between IMAT and metabolic health was not understood. This study is the first systematic review assessing the association between IMAT and metabolic health. The PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting IMAT and metabolic risk. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. This study is registered at PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022337518). Six studies were pooled and reviewed using critical appraisal by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine checklist. Two clinical trials and four observational trials were included. Our results reveal that IMAT is associated with metabolic risk, especially in older adults and patients with obesity. However, in a person with abdominal obesity, VAT has a more significant role in metabolic risk than IMAT. The largest decrease in IMAT was achieved by combining aerobic with resistance training.
PubMed: 37313233
DOI: 10.17925/EE.2023.19.1.54 -
Actas Urologicas Espanolas May 2024Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in women that has a negative impact on quality of life. Pregnancy and childbirth are considered important risk... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in women that has a negative impact on quality of life. Pregnancy and childbirth are considered important risk factors that directly affect the pelvic floor during pregnancy and labour, increasing the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction, with prevalence rates of SUI in the postpartum period ranging from 30 to 47% during the first 12 months.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the prevention of SUI in women during the antenatal and postnatal period by reviewing and evaluating the available scientific literature.
METHODS
This is a systematic review, using only randomised controlled trials. We searched the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. We reviewed 7 prospective studies in English and Portuguese, which included 1,401 pregnant women of legal age who underwent PFMT to prevent SUI.
RESULTS
The results allowed us to establish that PFMT is used for pelvic floor muscles and that this intervention, applied with the appropriate methodology, can prevent or cure SUI.
CONCLUSIONS
The application of PFMT in an early stage of pregnancy has positive effects on the continence capacity after delivery.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Female; Pelvic Floor; Exercise Therapy; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 38556125
DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.01.007 -
International Urogynecology Journal Sep 2022Myofascial pain arising from pelvic floor muscles occurs in women with vaginismus, interstitial cystitis and endometriosis but is often overlooked. The aim is to examine... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Myofascial pain arising from pelvic floor muscles occurs in women with vaginismus, interstitial cystitis and endometriosis but is often overlooked. The aim is to examine alternative diagnostic tests to detect pelvic floor myofascial pain compared with standardized vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscles as the reference test.
METHODS
A systematic review was prospectively conducted (PROSPERO-CRD42020183092) according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included Ovid Medline 1946-, Embase 1957-, Scopus 1960-, Cochrane Combined, Clinical trials, Google Scholar (top 200 articles), Web of Science, TRIP, BIOSIS, DARE, CINHAL, EmCare, PEDro, ProQuest and EBSCOhost up to July 2020. Articles were independently screened by two authors and assessed for bias using QUASDAS-2 tool.
RESULTS
A total of 26,778 articles were screened and 177 were selected for full text review, of which 5 were selected for final analysis. Five studies included 9694 participants of which 1628 had pelvic floor myofascial pain. Only one study reported data to calculate sensitivities and specificities of the index test, which utilized a score of > 40 on the Central Sensitization Inventory to detect women with pelvic floor myofascial pain and revealed a sensitivity of 34.8% and a specificity of 84.9% compared to the reference test.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review did not reveal any diagnostic test superior to the pre-defined reference test. There is a lack of consensus on the definition of pelvic floor myofascial pain and a lack of a validated diagnostic criteria which must be addressed to progress with meaningful research in this field.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Pain; Pelvic Floor
PubMed: 35796787
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05258-7 -
International Urogynecology Journal Jul 2023This study synthesized the effects of supervised and unsupervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) programs on outcomes relevant to women's urinary incontinence (UI). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
This study synthesized the effects of supervised and unsupervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) programs on outcomes relevant to women's urinary incontinence (UI).
METHODS
Five databases were searched from inception to December 2021, and the search was updated until June 28, 2022. Randomized and non-randomized control trials (RCTs and NRCTs) comparing supervised and unsupervised PFMT in women with UI and reported urinary symptoms, quality of life (QoL), pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function/ strength, the severity of UI, and patient satisfaction outcomes were included. Risk of bias assessment of eligible studies was performed by two authors through Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model with the mean difference or standardized mean difference.
RESULTS
Six RCTs and one NRCT study were included. All RCTs were assessed as "high risk of bias", and the NRCT study was rated as "serious risk of bias" for almost all domains. The results showed that supervised PFMT is better than unsupervised for QoL and PFM function of women with UI. There was no difference between supervised and unsupervised PFMT for urinary symptoms and improvement of the severity of UI. Results of patient satisfaction were inconclusive due to the sparse literature. However, supervised and unsupervised PFMT with thorough education and regular reassessment showed better results than those for unsupervised PFMT without educating patients about correct PFM contractions.
CONCLUSIONS
Supervised and unsupervised PFMT programs can both be effective in treating women's UI if training sessions and regular reassessments are provided.
Topics: Humans; Female; Quality of Life; Pelvic Floor; Exercise Therapy; Urinary Incontinence; Patient Satisfaction; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36811635
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05489-2