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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Sleep is a biological process that impacts nearly every domain of a child's life. Sleep-wake regulation influences and it is highly influenced by developmental variables... (Review)
Review
Sleep is a biological process that impacts nearly every domain of a child's life. Sleep-wake regulation influences and it is highly influenced by developmental variables related to parent-child relationships, such as attachment. The main goal of the present systematic review is to analyze and integrate the findings of empirical studies investigating the relations between attachment and sleep in preschool age, a period marked by important developmental changes that challenge both attachment system and sleep-wake regulation. A database search was performed using a combination of relevant keywords, leading to the identification of 524 articles, with 19 manuscripts assessed for eligibility; finally, seven studies (2344 children) were included. Overall, the findings were not consistent, with some studies reporting significant associations between attachment security and sleep quality, as well as between attachment insecurity and sleep problems, whereas others did not find significant associations. The results are discussed in light of the available theoretical models and integrated in the context of measurement approaches to attachment and sleep heterogeneity, aiming to guide future research on the topic.
PubMed: 34682160
DOI: 10.3390/children8100895 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Oct 2023Daytime napping may improve cognitive function in older adults. However, the association can be complicated by specific features of napping and the older adult's health....
BACKGROUND
Daytime napping may improve cognitive function in older adults. However, the association can be complicated by specific features of napping and the older adult's health. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on napping and cognition in older adults and provide recommendations for future research and daytime sleep practice in older adults.
METHODS
Systematic searches for relative research published between January 1995 and October 2022 were conducted at PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using keywords individually and in multiple combinations. Manual searches were performed to identify additional studies. All included studies were critically appraised by 2 authors.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies, including 23 observational and 12 intervention studies, were reviewed. Findings from observational studies suggest a possible inverted U-shaped association between napping duration and cognitive function: short and moderate duration of naps benefited cognitive health in older adults compared with both non-napping and long or extended napping. Findings from intervention studies suggest one session of afternoon napping might improve psychomotor function and working memory, although with some inconsistency. The effect of multiple nap sessions on cognition was inconclusive due to a limited number of studies.
CONCLUSION
More rigorous research studies are needed to investigate what causes different patterns of daytime napping, the associations between these distinct patterns and cognitive function, and to determine whether interventions targeting napping patterns can improve cognition in older adults. In addition, future research needs to comprehensively assess daytime napping using a combination of measures such as sleep diary and actigraphy.
Topics: Sleep; Cognition
PubMed: 36472580
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac239 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Since seafarers are known to be exposed to numerous job-related stress factors that can cause fatigue, sleepiness, and disturbed sleep behaviour, the aim of this review... (Review)
Review
Since seafarers are known to be exposed to numerous job-related stress factors that can cause fatigue, sleepiness, and disturbed sleep behaviour, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the subjective and objective measurement methods of these strains. Using a systematic review, 166 studies were identified within the period of January 2010 to December 2020 using the PubMed database. Of the 21 studies selected, 13 used both subjective and objective measurement methods. Six studies used only subjective and two studies only objective methods. For subjective assessment, 12 different questionnaires could be identified as well as activity and sleeping logs. Actigraphy and reaction time tests (RTT) were the most common objective methods. In single cases, electrooculography (EOG), pupillometry and ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) were used. Measurement-related limitations due to vessel-related impacts were less often reported than expected. No restrictions of daily routines on board were described, and only single-measurement disturbances due to ship movements were mentioned. The present literature review reveals that there are various routines to measure fatigue, sleepiness, and sleep behaviour on board. A combination of subjective and objective methods often appears to be beneficial. The frequent use of actigraphy and RTT on board suggests good feasibility and reliable measurements with these methods. The use of ambulatory PSG in maritime-like contexts suggests that this method would also be feasible on board.
Topics: Fatigue; Humans; Ships; Sleep; Sleepiness; Surveys and Questionnaires; Wakefulness
PubMed: 35010383
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010120 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology Jul 2020Sleep disturbance has been described as a 'hallmark' symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are robust findings of self-reported sleep... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sleep disturbance has been described as a 'hallmark' symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are robust findings of self-reported sleep disturbance in PTSD, evidence of sleep disturbance measured using actigraphy is less certain.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there are any significant differences between individuals with and without PTSD in actigraph-derived sleep measures.
METHOD
Case-control studies comparing participants with current PTSD to those without PTSD were eligible for inclusion. Sleep parameters of interest were: (1) total sleep time; (2) sleep onset latency; (3) wake after sleep onset (WASO); and (4) sleep efficiency. Data were meta-analysed as standardised mean differences (SMDs) and potential sources of heterogeneity were explored through meta-regression. Six actigraphy studies with 405 participants were included.
RESULTS
There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between those with and without PTSD in total sleep time (SMD 0.09, 95%CI -0.23 to 0.42); WASO (SMD 0.18, 95%CI -0.06 to 0.43); sleep latency (SMD 0.32, 95%CI -0.04 to 0.69); or sleep efficiency (SMD -0.28, 95%CI -0.78 to 0.21).
CONCLUSIONS
Further high-quality research is required to determine whether there is a true difference in sleep between those with and without PTSD.
PubMed: 33029311
DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1767349 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of wearable devices for improving physical activity and health-related outcomes in cancer survivors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect and feasibility of wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers for increasing physical activity and improving health outcomes in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of wearable devices for improving physical activity and health-related outcomes in cancer survivors.
METHODS
CINAHL, Cochrane, Ebscohost, MEDLINE, Pubmed, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published before September 1, 2020, that evaluated interventions involving wearable devices in cancer survivors. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated to assess effects on physical activity and health-related outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether the effects differed by interventions and cancer characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
Thirty-five trials were included (breast cancer, n = 15, 43%). Intervention durations ranged between 4 weeks and 1 year. Most trials (n = 25, 71%) involved pedometer-based physical activity interventions. Seven (20%) involved Fitbit-based interventions, and 3 (9%) involved other wearable physical activity trackers (e.g., Polar, Garmin). Compared to usual care, wearable devices had moderate-to-large effects (SMD range 0.54-0.87, p < 0.001) on moderate-intensity physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, total physical activity, and daily steps. Compared to usual care, those in the intervention had higher quality of life, aerobic fitness, physical function, and reduced fatigue (SMD range = 0.18-0.66, all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers are effective tools that increase physical activity and improve health-related outcomes in individuals with cancer. Identifying how these devices can be implemented for longer-term use with other intervention components remains an area for future research.
Topics: Actigraphy; Cancer Survivors; Exercise; Feasibility Studies; Fitness Trackers; Humans; Neoplasms; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Life; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 34314878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.07.008 -
Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2020In the present review, we identify which instruments and parameters are used for sleep quality monitoring in individual sport athletes and which definitions were used... (Review)
Review
In the present review, we identify which instruments and parameters are used for sleep quality monitoring in individual sport athletes and which definitions were used for sleep quality parameters in this literature field. Systematic searches for articles reporting the qualitative markers related to sleep in team sport athletes were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science online databases. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The initial search returned 3316 articles. After the removal of duplicate articles, eligibility assessment, 75 studies were included in this systematic review. Our main findings were that the most widely used measurement instruments were Actigraphy (25%), Rating Likert Scales (16%) and Sleep Diary (13%). On sleep quality parameters (Sleep duration = 14%; Wake after sleep onset = 14%; Sleep Quality = 12%; Sleep Effciency = 11% and Sleep Latency = 9%), the main point is that there are different definitions for the same parameters in many cases reported in the literature. We conclude that the most widely used instruments for monitoring sleep quality were Actigraphy, Likert scales and Sleep diary. Moreover, the definitions of sleep parameters are inconsistent in the literature, hindering the understanding of the sleep-sport performance relationship.
PubMed: 33564374
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200032 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2020Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that leads to airway mucus accumulation, chronic inflammation, and recurrent respiratory infections - all likely impacting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that leads to airway mucus accumulation, chronic inflammation, and recurrent respiratory infections - all likely impacting sleep. However, controlled studies of sleep in CF patients are limited, and have shown mixed results. We reviewed all publications on CF and sleep indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus through April 2019. In the meta-analysis, we calculated pooled weighted mean differences for sleep quality, sleepiness, oximetry, and polysomnographic (PSG) parameters, using fixed or random-effects models as appropriate. A total of 87 manuscripts were reviewed. Compared to controls, children with CF had lower nighttime oxygen saturation nadirs, decreased sleep efficiency and a higher respiratory event index, with no differences in the percentage of REM sleep. Adults with CF had lower oxygen saturation nadirs, with a trend towards reduced sleep efficiency and no differences in REM sleep. In addition, patients with CF cough more during sleep and experience painful events that interfere with sleep. Actigraphy and questionnaires suggest disturbed sleep and daytime sleepiness. Noninvasive ventilation appears to improve gas exchange and symptoms. We conclude that when sleep is evaluated objectively or subjectively in patients with CF, perturbations are common, emphasizing the importance of their identification and treatment and inclusion as part of routine care. Additional research, with larger sample sizes and standardized outcomes, are necessary.
Topics: Actigraphy; Cystic Fibrosis; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Oximetry; Polysomnography; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 32145647
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101279 -
Research Square Apr 2023Amyloid β (Aβ) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been found to be a risk factor of developing AD...
BACKGROUND
Amyloid β (Aβ) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been found to be a risk factor of developing AD because sleep may involve regulating Aβ. However, the magnitude of the relationship between sleep duration and Aβ is still unclear. This systematic review examines the relationship between sleep duration and Aβ in later-life adults.
METHODS
We screened 5,005 published articles searched from relevant electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO) and reviewed 14 articles for the qualitative synthesis and 7 articles for the quantitative synthesis.
RESULTS
Mean ages of the samples ranged from 63 to 76. Studies measured Aβ using cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and positron emission tomography scans with two tracers: Carbone 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B or fluorine 18-labeled. Sleep duration was subjectively measured using interviews, questionnaires, or using objective measures such as polysomnography or actigraphy. The studies accounted for demographic and lifestyle factors in their analyses. Five of the 14 studies reported a statistically significant association between sleep duration and Aβ. Using seven eligible articles, our quantitative synthesis demonstrated that the average association between sleep duration and Aβ was not statistically significant (Fisher's Z = -0.006, 95% CI= -0.065 ~ 0.054).
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that caution should be taken when considering sleep duration as the primary factor for Aβ levels. More studies are needed using a longitudinal design, comprehensive sleep metrics, and larger sample sizes to advance our understanding of the optimal sleep duration and AD prevention.
PubMed: 37131764
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2782680/v1 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Compared with the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG), and silver standard, actigraphy, contactless consumer sleep-tracking devices (CCSTDs) are more advantageous for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Compared with the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG), and silver standard, actigraphy, contactless consumer sleep-tracking devices (CCSTDs) are more advantageous for implementing large-sample and long-period experiments in the field and out of the laboratory due to their low price, convenience, and unobtrusiveness. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of CCSTDs application in human experiments. A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) of their performance in monitoring sleep parameters were conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42022342378). PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRALE, and Web of Science were searched, and 26 articles were qualified for systematic review, of which 22 provided quantitative data for meta-analysis. The findings show that CCSTDs had a better accuracy in the experimental group of healthy participants who wore mattress-based devices with piezoelectric sensors. CCSTDs' performance in distinguishing waking from sleeping epochs is as good as that of actigraphy. Moreover, CCSTDs provide data on sleep stages that are not available when actigraphy is used. Therefore, CCSTDs could be an effective alternative tool to PSG and actigraphy in human experiments.
Topics: Humans; Sleep; Polysomnography; Sleep Stages; Actigraphy; Beds
PubMed: 37430756
DOI: 10.3390/s23104842 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jul 2023Wearable sensor technologies have the potential to improve monitoring in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and inform timely disease management decisions. Evidence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Wearable sensor technologies have the potential to improve monitoring in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and inform timely disease management decisions. Evidence of the utility of wearable sensor technologies in people with MS is accumulating but is generally limited to specific subgroups of patients, clinical or laboratory settings, and functional domains.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all studies that have used wearable sensors to assess, monitor, and quantify motor function in people with MS during daily activities or in a controlled laboratory setting and to shed light on the technological advances over the past decades.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies on wearable sensors to assess the motor performance of people with MS. We scanned PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases until December 31, 2022, considering search terms "multiple sclerosis" and those associated with wearable technologies and included all studies assessing motor functions. The types of results from relevant studies were systematically mapped into 9 predefined categories (association with clinical scores or other measures; test-retest reliability; group differences, 3 types; responsiveness to change or intervention; and acceptability to study participants), and the reporting quality was determined through 9 questions. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines.
RESULTS
Of the 1251 identified publications, 308 were included: 176 (57.1%) in a real-world context, 107 (34.7%) in a laboratory context, and 25 (8.1%) in a mixed context. Most publications studied physical activity (196/308, 63.6%), followed by gait (81/308, 26.3%), dexterity or tremor (38/308, 12.3%), and balance (34/308, 11%). In the laboratory setting, outcome measures included (in addition to clinical severity scores) 2- and 6-minute walking tests, timed 25-foot walking test, timed up and go, stair climbing, balance tests, and finger-to-nose test, among others. The most popular anatomical landmarks for wearable placement were the waist, wrist, and lower back. Triaxial accelerometers were most commonly used (229/308, 74.4%). A surge in the number of sensors embedded in smartphones and smartwatches has been observed. Overall, the reporting quality was good.
CONCLUSIONS
Continuous monitoring with wearable sensors could optimize the management of people with MS, but some hurdles still exist to full clinical adoption of digital monitoring. Despite a possible publication bias and vast heterogeneity in the outcomes reported, our review provides an overview of the current literature on wearable sensor technologies used for people with MS and highlights shortcomings, such as the lack of harmonization, transparency in reporting methods and results, and limited data availability for the research community. These limitations need to be addressed for the growing implementation of wearable sensor technologies in clinical routine and clinical trials, which is of utmost importance for further progress in clinical research and daily management of people with MS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021243249; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=243249.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Sclerosis; Wearable Electronic Devices; Gait; Exercise; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 37498655
DOI: 10.2196/44428