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Journal of Diabetes Research 2020Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is observing an accelerating prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influenced by gene-environment interaction of modifiable and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is observing an accelerating prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influenced by gene-environment interaction of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the heritability and genetic risk of T2DM in SSA.
METHODS
We reviewed all published articles on T2DM in SSA between January 2000 and December 2019 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported on the genetics and/or heritability of T2DM or indicators of glycaemia were included. Data extracted included the study design, records of family history, pattern and characteristics of inheritance, genetic determinants, and effects estimates.
RESULTS
The pattern and characteristics of T2DM heritability in SSA are preference for maternal aggregation, higher among first degree compared to second-degree relatives; early age-onset (<50 years), and inherited abnormalities of beta-cell function/mass. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 28.2% for the population with a positive family history (PFH) and 11.2% for the population with negative family history (NFH). The pooled odds ratio of the impact of PFH on T2DM was 3.29 (95% CI: 2.40-4.52). Overall, 28 polymorphisms in 17 genes have been investigated in relation with T2DM in SSA. Almost all studies used the candidate gene approach with most (45.8%) of genetic studies published between 2011 and 2015. Polymorphisms in , , , , , , and were found to be associated with T2DM, with overlapping effect on specific cardiometabolic traits. Genome-wide studies identified ancestry-specific signals (, , and ) and as the only transferable genetic risk variants to SSA population. polymorphism was investigated in multiple studies with consistent effects and low-moderate statistical heterogeneity. Effect sizes were modestly strong [odds ratio = 6.17 (95% CI: 2.03-18.81), codominant model; 2.27 (95% CI: 1.50-3.44), additive model; 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18-2.59), recessive model]. Current evidence on the heritability and genetic markers of T2DM in SSA populations is limited and largely insufficient to reliably inform the genetic architecture of T2DM across SSA regions.
Topics: Adiponectin; Africa South of the Sahara; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haptoglobins; Humans; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Pyrophosphatases; Sulfonylurea Receptors; Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 32685554
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3198671 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adiponectin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Insulin; C-Reactive Protein; Exercise; Glucose
PubMed: 38253590
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Feb 2022The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays a key role in adipose tissue differentiation and fat metabolism. However, it is unclear which factors may...
BACKGROUND
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays a key role in adipose tissue differentiation and fat metabolism. However, it is unclear which factors may regulate its expression and whether obese patients have changes in adipose tissue expression of PPAR-γor potential regulators such as miR-27. Thus, our aims were to analyze PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients, and to correlate their levels with clinical variables.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We included 43 morbidly obese subjects who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (31 of them completed 1-year follow-up) and 19 non-obese subjects. mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1 and PPAR-γ2, miR-27a, and miR-27b was measured by qPCR in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clinical variables and serum adipokine and hormone levels were correlated with PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression. In addition, a systematic review of the literature regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients was performed.
RESULTS
We found no differences in the expression of PPAR-γ and miR-27 in adipose tissue of obese patients vs. controls. The literature review revealed discrepant results regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients. Of note, we described a significant negative correlation between pre-operative PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients and post-operative weight loss, potentially linked with insulin resistance markers.
CONCLUSION
PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue is associated with weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and may be used as a biomarker for response to surgery.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Gastrectomy; Gene Expression; Humans; MicroRNAs; Obesity, Morbid; PPAR gamma; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Weight Loss
PubMed: 34882294
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05216-6 -
Cureus Sep 2021Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndromes, and its roots are strongly associated with obesity and insulin... (Review)
Review
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndromes, and its roots are strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The excess fat induces inflammatory pathways by tissue irritation and progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and has emerged as the most frequent cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This systematic review was structured per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The evidence was obtained from 13 research articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases, including cross-sectional, case-control, prospective cohort studies, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews. The inclusion/exclusion criteria of free articles, published in English involving humans of mid-age in the last five years were applied. This review highlights findings in 7781 individuals, including non-NAFLD, NAFLD, and NASH positive individuals based on anthropometric measurement, blood samples, FibroScan, flow cytometry, and liver biopsy. The results underscored that the onset of inflammation set on the background of NAFLD starts NASH; the understanding and control of inflammation will help us design definitive biomarkers and treatment modalities. The complex pathogenesis and comparatively slow advancement but high morbidity have led investigators to understand the nuts and bolts for early management and prevention. Lipotoxicity and dysbiosis stimulate the immune system to generate cytokines and chemokines and decline in adipokines. The role of proteinase3 (PR3) and antitrypsin (ATT) ratio and biliverdin reductase (BVR) compel the exploration for non-invasive tests for definitive therapy.
PubMed: 34722019
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18201 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Nov 2021Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk to develop metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Common criteria underestimate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk to develop metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Common criteria underestimate adiposity and possibly underdiagnose MetS, particularly after abdominal radiotherapy. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic and predictive value of nine newer MetS related biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, uric acid, hsCRP, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein(a) [lp(a)]) in survivors and adult non-cancer survivors was performed by searching PubMed and Embase. Evidence was summarized with GRADE after risk of bias evaluation (QUADAS-2/QUIPS). Eligible studies on promising biomarkers were pooled. We identified 175 general population and five CCS studies. In the general population, valuable predictive biomarkers are uric acid, adiponectin, hsCRP and apoB (high level of evidence), and leptin (moderate level of evidence). Valuable diagnostic biomarkers are hsCRP, adiponectin, uric acid, and leptin (low, low, moderate, and high level of evidence, respectively). Meta-analysis showed OR for hyperuricemia of 2.94 (age-/sex-adjusted), OR per unit uric acid increase of 1.086 (unadjusted), and AUC for hsCRP of 0.71 (unadjusted). Uric acid, adiponectin, hsCRP, leptin, and apoB can be alternative biomarkers in the screening setting for MetS in survivors, to enhance early identification of those at high risk of subsequent complications.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Biomarkers; Cancer Survivors; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34258851
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13312 -
Lifestyle Genomics 2021Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was...
BACKGROUND
Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was to systematically review and summarize the existing evidence on the association between overall dietary intake and omentin gene expression and circulation.
SUMMARY
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 2019. Of the 1,940 retrieved articles, 20 relevant studies were included, 6 of which were observational, 11 were clinical trials in humans, and 3 were animal studies. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had a high risk of bias (RoB), 1 had "some concerns", and 2 had a low RoB. Among the nonrandomized studies with comparators, 4 had a serious RoB and 2 had a moderate RoB. In the experimental animal studies with a moderate RoB, conflicting results for omentin serum concentration were found for high-fat and low-fat diets. A high-fat diet (HFD) was shown to reduce omentin gene expression in one animal study. In the observational studies, omentin serum concentration was reduced by Ramadan fasting and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, and an increase in omentin gene expression was observed with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake. There was no association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), macronutrient intake, or total calorie intake with omentin plasma concentrations. In the human interventional studies, omentin plasma concentration increased with a long-term low-calorie, low-fat diet (LFD), and no change was seen with a HFD or a short-term low-calorie diet (LCD). Key Messages: It seems that a long-term diet with a lower fat content and a balanced distribution of fatty acids, i.e., a higher MUFA and lower SFA intake, may effectively increase omentin plasma concentration, possibly via improved insulin resistance and reduced inflammation, but more research is needed to confirm or refute this.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cytokines; Diet; GPI-Linked Proteins; Gene Expression; Humans; Lectins
PubMed: 33626523
DOI: 10.1159/000513885 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Nov 2021Previous studies have reported an elevation in adiponectin concentrations using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy; however, this possible... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Previous studies have reported an elevation in adiponectin concentrations using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy; however, this possible pleiotropic effect is still uncertain. Thus, the objective of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the impact of GLP-1 RA on adiponectin levels.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of GLP-1 RA on circulating adiponectin concentrations. Studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were included. A random-effects model and a sensitivity analysis using the leave 1-out method were conducted.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1497 individuals demonstrated a significant increase in adiponectin levels after GLP-1 RA administration (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.59 μg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 1.08, P = .02). Particularly, liraglutide had a significant effect on adiponectin (WMD: 0.55 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.06, P = .04), while exenatide did not affect these concentrations (WMD: 0.60 μg/mL, 95% CI: -0.23, 1.42, P = .16).
CONCLUSION
GLP-1 RA treatment is associated with an increase in adiponectin levels.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liraglutide; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33835520
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14855 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of Dietary Intervention, with or without Cointerventions, on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and adipokines identified as drivers of disease progression. Poor dietary patterns are known to promote an inflammatory milieu, although the effects of specific diets remain largely unknown. This review aimed to gather and summarize new and existing evidence on the effect of dietary intervention on inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for clinical trials which investigated outcomes of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Eligible studies included adults >18 y with NAFLD, which compared a dietary intervention with an alternative diet or control (no intervention) group or were accompanied by supplementation or other lifestyle interventions. Outcomes for inflammatory markers were grouped and pooled for meta-analysis where heterogeneity was allowed. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Criteria. Overall, 44 studies with a total of 2579 participants were included. Meta-analyses indicated intervention with an isocaloric diet plus supplement was more effective in reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) [standard mean difference (SMD): 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.68; P = 0.0003] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SMD: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.46; P = 0.03) than an isocaloric diet alone. No significant weighting was shown between a hypocaloric diet with or without supplementation for CRP (SMD: 0.30; 95% CI: -0.84, 1.44; P = 0.60) and TNF-α (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.43, 0.45; P = 0.97). In conclusion, hypocaloric and energy-restricted diets alone or with supplementation, and isocaloric diets with supplementation were shown to be most effective in improving the inflammatory profile of patients with NAFLD. To better determine the effectiveness of dietary intervention alone on a NAFLD population, further investigations of longer durations, with larger sample sizes are required.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Diet, Reducing; Obesity; C-Reactive Protein; Adipokines
PubMed: 36796436
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.001 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Apr 2024The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between adipokines in COVID-19 and its severity.
METHODS
A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using predefined keywords. The Newcastle of Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the quality assessment of included studies. The main summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in adipokine levels.
RESULTS
A total of 8 studies involving 473 individuals were included. A significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was demonstrated in mild vs. severe COVID-19 patients (-5.734 [95% CI -11.215 - -0.252]), with no significant MD in mild vs. moderate (-7.117 [95% CI -19.546 - 5.313]), or moderate vs. severe COVID-19 (-1.846 [95% CI -4.516 - 0.824]). Moreover, no significant MD was found in adiponectin and leptin levels when comparing COVID-19 patients vs. controls (-12.675 [95% CI -36.159 - 10.808]) and (8.034 [95% CI -10.403 - 26.471]), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Adiponectin levels were significantly increased in patients with severe compared to mild COVID-19. However, no significant MD was found in adiponectin levels in mild vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe COVID-19 patients, nor in adiponectin and leptin levels in COVID-19 patients vs. controls.
PubMed: 38746027
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2624 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Oct 2023Preeclampsia (PE) is a new-onset pregnancy-specific disorder with a high prevalence that leads to over 70 000 maternal and 500 000 foetal fatalities worldwide each year.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Preeclampsia (PE) is a new-onset pregnancy-specific disorder with a high prevalence that leads to over 70 000 maternal and 500 000 foetal fatalities worldwide each year. The level of chemerin, a newly identified adipokine, is increased in diabetic and obese patients. Currently, there are several studies describing the relationship between maternal circulating chemerin levels and PE. Therefore, this study aimed to assess their association in pooled samples.
METHODS
Four databases were systematically searched to identify potential studies that reported circulating chemerin levels in PE and normal pregnancy groups. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The probability of heterogeneity was also investigated by sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies in 11 articles with a total of 860 PE patients and 1309 women with normal pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that circulating chemerin, which levels in PE patients were considerably higher than those in controls (SMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.77, 95% PI: -0.07, 2.86). Moreover, sensitivity analysis determined that the outcomes of the overall pooled results were not affected after the elimination of any study. Notably, subgroup analysis demonstrated a similar expression pattern irrespective of geographic location, severity, timing of sampling, and sample size. Last, there were no factors that significantly impacted the overall estimate, according to meta-regression.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis is the first to assess circulating chemerin levels in PE patients. The findings indicate that circulating chemerin levels may be a potential marker to diagnose PE.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Pre-Eclampsia; Adipokines; Fetus
PubMed: 37864182
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01941-w