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The Lancet. Planetary Health Nov 2023High-level exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAPs) and their corresponding adverse health effects have become a public concern in China in the past 10 years. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
High-level exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAPs) and their corresponding adverse health effects have become a public concern in China in the past 10 years. However, neither national nor provincial level burden of disease attributable to multiple IAPs has been reported for China. This is the first study to estimate and rank the annual burden of disease and the financial costs attributable to targeted residential IAPs at the national and provincial level in China from 2000 to 2017.
METHODS
We first did a systematic review and meta-analysis of 117 articles from 37 231 articles identified in major databases, and obtained exposure-response relationships for the candidate IAPs. The exposure levels to these IAPs were then collected by another systematic review of 1864 articles selected from 52 351 articles. After the systematic review, ten IAPs with significant and robust exposure-response relationships and sufficient exposure data were finally targeted: PM, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, radon, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and p-dichlorobenzene. The annual exposure levels in residences were then evaluated in all 31 provinces in mainland China continuously from 2000 to 2017, using the spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to analyse indoor originating IAPs, and the infiltration factor method to analyse outdoor originating IAPs. The disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to the targeted IAPs were estimated at both national and provincial levels in China, using the population attributable fraction method. Financial costs were estimated by an adapted human capital approach.
FINDINGS
From 2000 to 2017, annual DALYs attributable to the ten IAPs in mainland China decreased from 4620 (95% CI 4070-5040) to 3700 (3210-4090) per 100 000. Nevertheless, in 2017, IAPs still ranked third among all risk factors, and their DALYs and financial costs accounted for 14·1% (95% CI 12·3-15·6) of total DALYs and 3·45% (3·01-3·82) of the gross domestic product. Specifically, the rank of ten targeted IAPs in order of their contribution to DALYs in 2017 was PM, carbon monoxide, radon, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, formaldehyde, toluene, and p-dichlorobenzene. The DALYs attributable to IAPs were 9·50% higher than those attributable to outdoor air pollution in 2017. For the leading IAP, PM, the DALYs attributable to indoor origins are 18·3% higher than those of outdoor origins.
INTERPRETATION
DALYs attributed to IAPs in China have decreased by 20·0% over the past two decades. Even so, they are still much higher than those in the USA and European countries. This study can provide a basis for determining which IAPs to target in various indoor air quality standards and for estimating the health and economic benefits of various indoor air quality control approaches, which will help to reduce the adverse health effects of IAPs in China.
FUNDING
The National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Topics: Humans; Air Pollutants; Carbon Monoxide; Sulfur Dioxide; Benzene; Nitrogen Dioxide; Formaldehyde; Cost of Illness; Particulate Matter; Radon; Ozone; Toluene
PubMed: 37940210
DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00215-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde, are carcinogenic molecules and their concentrations in foodstuffs should be controlled to avoid upper aerodigestive tract (UADT)... (Review)
Review
Aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde, are carcinogenic molecules and their concentrations in foodstuffs should be controlled to avoid upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and liver cancers. Highly reactive, acetaldehyde forms DNA and protein adducts, impairing physiological functions and leading to the development of pathological conditions. The consumption of aged beer, outside of the ethanol metabolism, exposes habitual drinkers to this carcinogen, whose concentrations can be over-increased due to post-brewing chemical and biochemical reactions. Storage-related changes are a challenge faced by the brewing industry, impacting volatile compound formation and triggering flavor instability. Aldehydes are among the volatile compounds formed during beer aging, recognized as off-flavor compounds. To track and understand aldehyde formation through multiple pathways during beer storage, consequent changes in flavor but particularly quality losses and harmful compound formation, this systematic review reunited data on volatile compound profiles through gas chromatography analyses from 2011 to 2021. Conditions to avoid flavor instability and successful methods for reducing beer staling, and consequent acetaldehyde accumulation, were raised by exploring the dynamic conversion between free and bound-state aldehydes. Future research should focus on implementing sensory analyses to investigate whether adding aldehyde-binding agents, e.g., cysteine and bisulfite, would contribute to consumer acceptance, restore beer flavor, and minimize acetaldehyde-related health damage.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Acetaldehyde; Aldehydes; Beer; Carcinogens; Carcinogenesis
PubMed: 36430619
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214147 -
3 Biotech Jun 2023The present study reviewed and discussed the promising affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The approach used to structure... (Review)
Review
A systematic review about affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins: integrated bioprocesses aiming both economic and environmental sustainability.
The present study reviewed and discussed the promising affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The approach used to structure this systematic review was The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to perform the bibliographic survey by which 267 articles were selected. After the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the screening process, from 25 chosen documents, we identified 7 types of tags used in the last 10 years, carbohydrate-binding module tag (CBM), polyhistidine (His-tag), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster (Sil3k tag), N-acetylmuramidase (AcmA tag), modified haloalkane dehalogenase (HaloTag), and aldehyde from a lipase polypeptide (Aldehyde tag). The most used bacterial host for expressing the targeted protein was and the most used expression vector was pET-28a. The results demonstrated two main immobilization and purification methods: the use of supports and the use of self-aggregating tags without the need of support, depending on the tag used. Besides, the chosen terminal for cloning the tag proved to be very important once it could alter enzyme activity. In conclusion, the best tag for protein one-step purification and immobilization was CBM tag, due to the eco-friendly supports that can be provided from industry wastes, the fast immobilization with high specificity, and the reduced cost of the process.
PubMed: 37193330
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03616-w -
Acta Ophthalmologica Sep 2021To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in keratoconus compared to healthy subject. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in keratoconus compared to healthy subject.
METHOD
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 1st June 2020 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood) and type of corneal samples (stromal cells, epithelium and endothelium).
RESULTS
We included 36 articles, for a total of 1328 keratoconus patients and 1208 healthy controls. There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation (SMD) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55-1.33), with a significant increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1.09, 0.41-1.78) and malondialdehyde (1.78, 0.83-2.73). There is an overall decrease in antioxidants in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (-0.63, -0.89 to -0.36), with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity/status (-1.65, -2.88 to -0.43), aldehyde/NADPH dehydrogenase (-0.77, -1.38 to -0.17), lactoferrin/transferrin/albumin (-1.92, -2.96 to -0.89) and selenium/zinc (-1.42, -2.23 to -0.61). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears and in cornea of keratoconus than in aqueous humour, and antioxidants were decreased in tears, aqueous humour and blood without difference between sample type. Oxidative stress markers increased in stromal cells and antioxidants decreased in endothelium.
CONCLUSION
Oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were dysregulated in keratoconus, involving an imbalance of redox homeostasis in tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood.
Topics: Antioxidants; Aqueous Humor; Biomarkers; Cornea; Humans; Keratoconus; Oxidative Stress; Tears
PubMed: 33354927
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14714 -
Indoor Air Jan 2022The objectives of the systematic review were to: identify the work sectors at risk for exposure to formaldehyde; investigate the procedures applied to assess... (Review)
Review
The objectives of the systematic review were to: identify the work sectors at risk for exposure to formaldehyde; investigate the procedures applied to assess occupational exposure; evaluate the reported exposure levels among the different settings. An electronic search of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and ToxNet was carried out for collecting all the articles on the investigated issue published from January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2019. Forty-three papers were included in the review, and evidenced a great number of occupational scenarios at risk for formaldehyde exposure. All the included studies collected data on formaldehyde exposure levels by a similar approach: environmental and personal sampling followed by chromatographic analyses. Results ranged from not detectable values until to some mg m of airborne formaldehyde. The riskiest occupational settings for formaldehyde exposure were the gross anatomy and pathology laboratories, the hairdressing salons and some specific productive settings, such as wooden furniture factories, dairy facilities and fish hatcheries. Notice that formaldehyde, a well-known carcinogen, was recovered in air at levels higher than outdoor in almost all the studied scenarios/activities; thus, when formaldehyde cannot be removed or substituted, targeted strategies for exposure elimination or mitigation must be adopted.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Formaldehyde; Humans; Laboratories; Occupational Exposure; Respiratory Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 34708443
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12949 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Jun 2023The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) suffers from suboptimal performance and participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Urinary volatile organic compounds... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) suffers from suboptimal performance and participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be a useful alternative. We aimed to determine the diagnostic potential of urinary VOCs for CRC/adenomas. By relating VOCs to known pathways, we aimed to gain insight into the pathophysiology of colorectal neoplasia.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Original studies on urinary VOCs for CRC/adenoma detection with a control group were included. QUADAS-2 tool was used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by adopting a bivariate model for sensitivity/specificity. Fagan's nomogram estimated the performance of combined FIT-VOC. Neoplasm-associated VOCs were linked to pathways using the KEGG database.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies-involving 837 CRC patients and 1618 controls-were included; 11 performed chemical identification and 7 chemical fingerprinting. In all studies, urinary VOCs discriminated CRC from controls. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for CRC based on chemical fingerprinting were 84% (95% CI 73-91%) and 70% (95% CI 63-77%), respectively. The most distinctive individual VOC was butanal (AUC 0.98). The estimated probability of having CRC following negative FIT was 0.38%, whereas 0.09% following negative FIT-VOC. Combined FIT-VOC would detect 33% more CRCs. In total 100 CRC-associated urinary VOCs were identified; particularly hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, aldehydes/ketones and amino acids, and predominantly involved in TCA-cycle or alanine/aspartate/glutamine/glutamate/phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan metabolism, which is supported by previous research on (colorectal)cancer biology. The potential of urinary VOCs to detect precancerous adenomas or gain insight into their pathophysiology appeared understudied.
CONCLUSION
Urinary VOCs hold potential for non-invasive CRC screening. Multicentre validation studies are needed, especially focusing on adenoma detection. Urinary VOCs elucidate underlying pathophysiologic processes.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Biomarkers, Tumor; Early Detection of Cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms; Adenoma; Colonic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37030079
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.002 -
PloS One 2021Every major federal regulation in the United States requires an economic analysis estimating its benefits and costs. Benefit-cost analyses related to regulations on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Every major federal regulation in the United States requires an economic analysis estimating its benefits and costs. Benefit-cost analyses related to regulations on formaldehyde exposure have not included asthma in part due to lack of clarity in the strength of the evidence.
OBJECTIVES
1) To conduct a systematic review of evidence regarding human exposure to formaldehyde and diagnosis, signs, symptoms, exacerbations, or other measures of asthma in humans; and 2) quantify the annual economic benefit for decreases in formaldehyde exposure.
METHODS
We developed and registered a protocol in PROSPERO (Record ID #38766, CRD 42016038766). We conducted a comprehensive search of articles published up to April 1, 2020. We evaluated potential risk of bias for included studies, identified a subset of studies to combine in a meta-analysis, and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence. We quantified economics benefit to children from a decrease in formaldehyde exposure using assumptions consistent with EPA's proposed formaldehyde rule.
RESULTS
We screened 4,821 total references and identified 150 human studies that met inclusion criteria; of these, we focused on 90 studies reporting asthma status of all participants with quantified measures of formaldehyde directly relevant to our study question. Ten studies were combinable in a meta-analysis for childhood asthma diagnosis and five combinable for exacerbation of childhood asthma (wheezing and shortness of breath). Studies had low to probably-low risk of bias across most domains. A 10-μg/m3 increase in formaldehyde exposure was associated with increased childhood asthma diagnosis (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.41]). We also found a positive association with exacerbation of childhood asthma (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: [0.92, 1.28]). The overall quality and strength of the evidence was rated as "moderate" quality and "sufficient" for asthma diagnosis and asthma symptom exacerbation in both children and adults. We estimated that EPA's proposed rule on pressed wood products would result in 2,805 fewer asthma cases and total economic benefit of $210 million annually.
CONCLUSION
We concluded there was "sufficient evidence of toxicity" for associations between exposure to formaldehyde and asthma diagnosis and asthma symptoms in both children and adults. Our research documented that when exposures are ubiquitous, excluding health outcomes from benefit-cost analysis can underestimate the true benefits to health from environmental regulations.
Topics: Asthma; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Environmental Exposure; Formaldehyde; Humans; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 33788856
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248258 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... Mar 2023Trazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; however, other mechanisms of the drug's anti-depressive properties have also been postulated. Hence, the aim of...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Trazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; however, other mechanisms of the drug's anti-depressive properties have also been postulated. Hence, the aim of the study was to perform a systematic review and assess antiglycoxidative properties of trazodone in in vitro models.
METHODS
Trazodone's scavenging and chelating properties were measured with spectrophotometric method. The impact of the drug on carbonyl/oxidative stress was marked in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) model where sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose) and aldehydes (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) were used as glycation agents. Aminoguanidine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were applied as reference glycation/free radical inhibitors. Glycation biomarkers (kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, dityrosine as well as advanced glycation end products contents) were assessed spectrofluorometrically. Concentrations of oxidation parameters (total thiols (TTs), protein carbonyls (PCs) and also advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) levels) were determined spectrophotometrically.
RESULTS
We demonstrated that trazodone poorly scavenged radicals (hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) and showed low ferrous ion chelating, unlike aminoguanidine and NAC. Sugars/aldehydes caused enhancement of glycation parameters, as well as a decrease of TTs and an increase of PCs and AOPPs levels compared to BSA incubated alone. Trazodone did not reduce oxidation parameters to the baseline (BSA) and significantly exacerbated glycation markers in comparison with both BSA and BSA+glycators. The content of glycation products was markedly lower in aminoguanidine and NAC than in trazodone. The molecular docking of trazodone to BSA revealed its very low affinity, which may indicate non-specific binding of trazodone, facilitating the attachment of glycation factors.
CONCLUSION
According to our findings, it may be concluded that trazodone poorly counteracts oxidation and intensifies glycation in vitro. A possible mechanism for antiglycoxidative effect of trazodone in vivo may be the enhancement of the body's adaptive response, as indicated by the results of our systematic review.
Topics: Antioxidants; Trazodone; Glycosylation; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Molecular Docking Simulation; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Glyoxal; Glucose
PubMed: 36988041
DOI: 10.33594/000000617 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which might be caused by oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which might be caused by oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically investigate the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the saliva and blood from OLP patients and healthy controls.
METHODS
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were systematically queried to collect data from studies in which oxidative stress/antioxidant markers from OLP and healthy subjects had been evaluated until March 10, 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 25 of them, having 849 OLP patients and 1,052 control subjects and analyzing 12 oxidative stress and antioxidant state marker levels, were subjected to meta-analysis. We found a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and uric acid (UA) and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the saliva and serum/plasma of OLP patients. Moreover, a significant elevation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOOP) level and a decrease in vitamin C were also observed in the saliva of the OLP group. In contrast, salivary vitamin A, zinc, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E, and nitrite were not significantly different between the two groups. In single studies, markers of oxidative stresses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-isoprostanelevels were elevated in OLP, and antioxidant parameters such as glutathione (GSH) and total protein (TP) levels were dysregulated.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis helps to clarify the profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant state markers in OLP patients although existing evidence is rather heterogeneous and many studies are affected by several limitations. Larger and more standardized studies are warranted to ascertain whether these markers are potential causes or effects of OLP and whether antioxidant therapy improving oxidative stress will be useful.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Saliva; Superoxide Dismutase; Uric Acid
PubMed: 34616506
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9914652 -
Nutrition Journal Oct 2023The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (from inception to January 2023). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods.
RESULTS
A pooled analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that CLA supplementation led to a significant increment in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 4.49 mg/dL; 95%CI: 2.39 to 6.59; P < 0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: 2.54 IU/L; 95%CI: 0.06 to 5.01; P = 0.044). Moreover, CLA supplementation decreased leptin (WMD: -1.69 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.80 to -1.58; P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD: -0.44 pg/ml; 95%CI: -0.86 to -0.02; P = 0.037). However, there was no effect on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) adiponectin compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION
Our findings showed the overall favorable effect of CLA supplementation on the adipokines and cytokines including serum IL-6, and leptin, while increasing FBG and AST. It should be noted that the mentioned metabolic effects of CLA consumption were small and may not reach clinical importance.
PROSPERO REGISTERATION COD
CRD42023426374.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Leptin; Cytokines; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Interleukin-6; Adipokines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glycemic Control; Malondialdehyde; Liver; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 37794481
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00876-3