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Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2022Anger has been associated with increased pain perception, but its specific connection with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) has not yet been established in an integrated... (Review)
Review
Anger has been associated with increased pain perception, but its specific connection with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) has not yet been established in an integrated approach. Therefore, the present systematic review focuses on exploring this connection, and based on this connection, delimiting possible gaps in the research, altogether aimed at improving FMS clinical intervention and guiding future research lines. Anger is considered a basic negative emotion that can be divided into two dimensions: anger-in (the tendency to repress anger when it is experienced) and anger-out (the leaning to express anger through verbal or physical means). The current systematic review was performed based on the guidelines of the PRISMA and Cochrane Collaborations. The Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) international database was forehand used to register the review protocol. The quality of chosen articles was assessed and the main limitations and research gaps resulting from each scientific article were discussed. The search included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The literature search identified 13 studies eligible for the systematic review. Levels of anger-in have been shown to be higher in FMS patients compared to healthy participants, as well as patients suffering from other pain conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). FMS patients had also showed higher levels of state and trait anxiety, worry and angry rumination than other chronic pain patients. Anger seems to amplify pain especially in women regardless FMS condition but with a particularly greater health-related quality of life´s impact in FMS patients. In spite of the relevance of emotions in the treatment of chronic pain, including FMS, only two studies have proposed intervention programs focus on anger treatment. These two studies have observed a positive reduction in anger levels through mindfulness and a strength training program. In conclusion, anger might be a meaningful therapeutic target in the attenuation of pain sensitivity, and the improvement of the general treatment effects and health-related quality of life in FMS patients. More intervention programs directed to reduce anger and contribute to improve well-being in FMS patients are needed.
PubMed: 35160295
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030844 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023Teleworking has spread drastically during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its effect on musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD) remains unclear. We aimed to make a qualitative... (Review)
Review
Teleworking has spread drastically during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its effect on musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD) remains unclear. We aimed to make a qualitative systematic review on the effect of teleworking on MSD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, several databases were searched using strings based on MSD and teleworking keywords. A two-step selection process was used to select relevant studies and a risk of bias assessment was made. Relevant variables were extracted from the articles included, with a focus on study design, population, definition of MSD, confounding factors, and main results. Of 205 studies identified, 25 were included in the final selection. Most studies used validated questionnaires to assess MSD, six considered confounders extensively, and seven had a control group. The most reported MSD were lower back and neck pain. Some studies found increased prevalence or pain intensity, while others did not. Risk of bias was high, with only 5 studies with low/probably low risk of bias. Conflicting results on the effect of teleworking on MSD were found, though an increase in MSD related to organizational and ergonomic factors seems to emerge. Future studies should focus on longitudinal approaches and consider ergonomic and work organization factors as well as socio-economic status.
Topics: Humans; Teleworking; Pandemics; COVID-19; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neck Pain; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 36981881
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064973 -
Journal of Pineal Research May 2022The melatonin system and circadian disruption have well-established links with aggressive behaviors; however, the biological underpinnings have not been thoroughly... (Review)
Review
The melatonin system and circadian disruption have well-established links with aggressive behaviors; however, the biological underpinnings have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we aimed at examining the current knowledge regarding the neurobiological and psychopharmacological involvement of the melatonin system in aggressive/violent behaviors. To this end, we performed a systematic review on Embase and Pubmed/MEDLINE of preclinical and clinical evidence linking the melatonin system, melatonin, and melatoninergic drugs with aggressive/violent behaviors. Two blinded raters performed an independent screening of the relevant literature. Overall, this review included 38 papers distributed between clinical and preclinical models. Eleven papers specifically addressed the existing evidence in rodent models, five in fish models, and 21 in humans. The data indicate that depending on the species, model, and timing of administration, melatonin may exert a complex influence on aggressive/violent behaviors. Particularly, the apparent contrasting findings on the link between the melatonin system and aggression/violence (with either increased, no, or decreased effect) shown in preclinical models underscore the need for further research to develop more accurate and fruitful translational models. Likewise, the significant heterogeneity found in the results of clinical studies does not allow yet to draw any firm conclusion on the efficacy of melatonin or melatonergic drugs on aggressive/violent behaviors. However, findings in children and in traits associated with aggressive/violent behavior, including irritability and anger, are emerging and deserve empirical attention given the low toxicity of melatonin and melatonergic drugs.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Melatonin; Violence
PubMed: 35192237
DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12794 -
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) Jun 2022Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is...
Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.
PubMed: 35693838
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03143-6 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Dec 2023Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for eligible articles published from inception to April 26, 2023, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to examine whether and to what extent FER would differ between people with BD and those with other mental disorders. Thirty-three studies comparing 1506 BD patients with 1973 clinical controls were included in the present systematic review, and twenty-six of them were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses exploring the discrepancies in discriminating or identifying emotional stimuli at a general and specific level. Individuals with BD were more accurate in identifying each type of emotion during a FER task compared to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) (SMD = 0.27; p-value = 0.006), with specific differences in the perception of anger (SMD = 0.46; p-value = 1.19e-06), fear (SMD = 0.38; p-value = 8.2e-04), and sadness (SMD = 0.33; p-value = 0.026). In contrast, BD patients were less accurate than individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in identifying each type of emotion (SMD = -0.24; p-value = 0.014), but these differences were more specific for sad emotional stimuli (SMD = -0.31; p-value = 0.009). No significant differences were observed when BD was compared with children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. FER emerges as a potential integrative instrument for guiding diagnosis by enabling discrimination between BD and SCZ or MDD. Enhancing the standardization of adopted tasks could further enhance the accuracy of this tool, leveraging FER potential as a therapeutic target.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Facial Recognition; Emotions; Anger
PubMed: 37625644
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110847 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 2022Anger is commonly experienced by family caregivers of people living with dementia yet its effect on caregivers' physical health remains unknown.
BACKGROUND
Anger is commonly experienced by family caregivers of people living with dementia yet its effect on caregivers' physical health remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence on the effects of anger and hostility on caregivers' physical health.
METHODS
We searched Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO up to January 2022. Two review authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, study quality, and effect sizes of associations of anger and hostility with caregiver health outcomes.
RESULTS
We found eight studies examining the effects of anger and hostility on caregivers' physical health reporting on a total of 937 participants, of which four were cross-sectional and four were longitudinal. Overall findings indicated that higher levels of anger and hostility exerted a negative effect on caregivers' physical health. Higher anger control was longitudinally associated with increased weight gain (= 1.13, < 0.001), whereas higher anger out predicted higher glucose dysregulation at long-term follow-up ( = 0.27, < 0.05). Higher levels of caregiver hostility were associated with increased risk of chronic low-grade inflammation long-term ( = 0.18, < 0.05), and increased risk of cognitive decline over time ( = -0.16, < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our review provides the first systematic synthesis of the evidence demonstrating the harmful effects of anger and hostility on dementia caregivers' health and highlights the need for preventative interventions to support family caregivers experiencing high levels of anger.
PubMed: 36606206
DOI: 10.3233/ADR-220040 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Jan 2021We sought to determine the frequency of and risk factors for suicide outcomes in somatic symptom and related disorders and whether any risk was independent of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the frequency of and risk factors for suicide outcomes in somatic symptom and related disorders and whether any risk was independent of co-occurring mental disorders.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies on suicide death, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation in those with somatic symptom disorders published prior to September 22, 2020 and indexed in PubMED, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, EMBASE, or SCOPUS according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 33 articles with significant heterogeneity in study design, sample selection, and assessment for suicide or risk factors. While suicide deaths have not been adequately studied, somatic symptom and related disorders are associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, with estimates ranging from 24 to 34% of participants who endorsed current active suicidal ideation and 13-67% of participants who endorsed a prior suicide attempt. The risk appeared independent of co-occurring mental disorders. Identified risk factors for suicide attempts in samples with somatic symptom and related disorders include scores on measures of anger, alexithymia, alcohol use, past hospitalizations, dissociation, and emotional abuse.
CONCLUSION
Although the literature is sparse, there exists evidence for an association, even independent of other mental disorders, between somatic symptom and related disorders and suicide outcomes. Practice guidelines for the management of these disorders should incorporate recommendations for the assessment and management of suicide risk. Future study is necessary to more fully elucidate potential unique risk factors for those suffering from these complex disorders.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Risk Factors; Suicide
PubMed: 33227556
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110290 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Smoking is a major public health problem. Although physicians have a key role in the fight against smoking, some of them are still smoking. Thus, we aimed to conduct a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Smoking is a major public health problem. Although physicians have a key role in the fight against smoking, some of them are still smoking. Thus, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of smoking among physicians.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. The prevalence of smoking among physicians was estimated and stratified, where possible, by specialties, continents, and periods of time. Then, meta-regressions were performed regarding putative influencing factors such as age and sex.
RESULTS
Among 246 studies and 497,081 physicians, the smoking prevalence among physicians was 21% (95CI 20 to 23%). Prevalence of smoking was 25% in medical students, 24% in family practitioners, 18% in surgical specialties, 17% in psychiatrists, 16% in medical specialties, 11% in anesthesiologists, 9% in radiologists, and 8% in pediatricians. Physicians in Europe and Asia had a higher smoking prevalence than in Oceania. The smoking prevalence among physicians has decreased over time. Male physicians had a higher smoking prevalence. Age did not influence smoking prevalence.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of smoking among physicians is high, around 21%. Family practitioners and medical students have the highest percentage of smokers. All physicians should benefit from targeted preventive strategies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Physicians; Prevalence; Smoking; Students, Medical; Tobacco Smoking
PubMed: 34948936
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413328 -
Brain Imaging and Behavior Oct 2023Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness with a wide range of symptoms such as mood decline, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt and... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness with a wide range of symptoms such as mood decline, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt and worthlessness. Women develop depression more often than men, and the diagnostic criteria for depression mainly rely on female patients' symptoms. By contrast, male depression usually manifests as anger attacks, aggression, substance use, and risk-taking behaviors. Various studies have focused on the neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders for a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms. With this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the neuroimaging findings in depression, separated by male and female subjects. A search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of depression. After screening the search results, 15 MRI, 12 fMRI, and 4 DTI studies were included. Sex differences were mainly reflected in the following regions: 1) total brain, hippocampus, amygdala, habenula, anterior cingulate cortex, and corpus callosum volumes, 2) frontal and temporal gyri functions, along with functions of the caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex, and 3) frontal fasciculi and frontal projections of corpus callosum microstructural alterations. Our review faces limitations such as small sample sizes and heterogeneity in populations and modalities. But in conclusion, it reflects the possible roles of sex-based hormonal and social factors in the depression pathophysiology.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Depression; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sex Characteristics; Brain; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 37058182
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00772-8 -
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Perceived Injustice and Depression.The Journal of Pain Jun 2021Perceived injustice is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for problematic recovery, with a growing body of evidence documenting its association with heightened... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Perceived injustice is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for problematic recovery, with a growing body of evidence documenting its association with heightened pain, disability, medication use, anger and post-traumatic stress. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and critically appraise the association between perceived injustice and depressive symptomatology across a wide range of medical and mental health populations, including acute and chronic pain samples. A search of published, English language studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from 1990 to June 2020 was performed. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria with a total sample of 5,425 individuals (61% female), primarily with acute injury or chronic pain. Results indicated a moderate to strong positive association between perceived injustice and depressive symptomatology (meta-analysis pooled effect of r = .57, 95% confidence interval [.55, .58], P< .001). A narrative synthesis of regression models indicated standardized beta coefficients between .19 and .66, with perceived injustice consistently contributing significant unique variance to the prediction of depression in final regression equations. Selection bias and response bias were common limitations in the studies. The clinical implications of an association between injustice and depression in acute and chronic pain are discussed. PROSPERO: CRD42019143465. PERSPECTIVE: This review demonstrates that in acute injury and chronic pain samples, perceived injustice is associated with depression. These findings could help clinicians in the field of pain and rehabilitation identify who may be at greater risk for a problematic recovery trajectory.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Social Justice; Social Perception
PubMed: 33465504
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.009