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Stem Cells International 2020Malignant tumors still pose serious threats to human health due to their high morbidity and mortality. Recurrence and metastasis are the most important factors affecting... (Review)
Review
Malignant tumors still pose serious threats to human health due to their high morbidity and mortality. Recurrence and metastasis are the most important factors affecting patient prognosis. Chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation used to treat these tumors mainly interfere with tumor metabolism, destroy DNA integrity, and inhibit protein synthesis. The upregulation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a prevalent posttranslational modification (PTM) in various cancers and plays a critical role in tumor development. The dysregulation of SUMOylation can protect cancer cells from stresses exerted by external or internal stimuli. SUMOylation is a dynamic process finely regulated by SUMOylation enzymes and proteases to maintain a balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation. An increasing number of studies have reported that SUMOylation imbalance may contribute to cancer development, including metastasis, angiogenesis, invasion, and proliferation. High level of SUMOylation is required for cancer cells to survive internal or external stresses. Downregulation of SUMOylation may inhibit the development of cancer, making it an important potential clinical therapeutic target. Some studies have already begun to treat tumors by inhibiting the expression of SUMOylation family members, including SUMO E1 or E2. The tumor cells become more aggressive under internal and external stresses. The prevention of tumor development, metastasis, recurrence, and radiochemotherapy resistance by attenuating SUMOylation requires further exploration. This review focused on SUMOylation in tumor cells to discuss its effects on tumor suppressor proteins and oncoproteins as well as classical tumor pathways to identify new insights for cancer clinical therapy.
PubMed: 33273928
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835714 -
European Archives of... Sep 2022To this day, there is no cure for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Multiple surgical procedures are performed to achieve symptom relief and prevention of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To this day, there is no cure for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Multiple surgical procedures are performed to achieve symptom relief and prevention of airway obstruction. A promising drug for RRP is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding antibody bevacizumab. This chemotherapeutic agent has an angiogenesis-inhibiting effect which inhibits tumor growth. The objective of this review was to investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab as treatment option for RRP, and to explore the difference of its effects between intralesional and systemic treatment.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase. Articles were included if bevacizumab treatment was given intralesionally and/or systemically. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines.
RESULTS
Of 585 unique articles screened by title and abstract, 15 studies were included, yielding a total of 64 patients. In 95% of the patients treated with systemic bevacizumab, the post-bevacizumab surgical interval was considerably prolonged. More than half of them did not need any surgical intervention during mean follow-up of 21.6 months. Treatment with intralesional bevacizumab showed a lower efficacy: in 62% of the patients, the post-bevacizumab surgical interval (mean, 1.8 months follow-up) was extended when compared to the interval before the treatment.
CONCLUSION
Systemically and intralesionally administered bevacizumab are effective treatment options for severe RRP. A systemic administration might be the treatment of first choice. Further prospective research with long term follow-up is advocated to elucidate this important topic.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 35462578
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07388-6 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2020Cancer is a major cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy can extend the life of cancer patients to some extent, but the quality of life is reduced. Therefore, the...
Cancer is a major cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy can extend the life of cancer patients to some extent, but the quality of life is reduced. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic medication strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW), a Chinese herb medicine, has received great attention in the past two decades and has been well documented in clinics for antitumor activity in a variety of human cancers. This review discussed a total of 58 different kinds of active antitumor components isolated from HDW, including iridoids, flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, and their derivatives, sterols, and volatile oils. Their antitumor activities include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis, regulation of the host immune response, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and protective autophagy. Besides, we provide up-to-date and systematic evidence for HDW antitumor activities and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and reference for further development of novel drugs and dosage formulation in control of human cancers.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hedyotis; Humans; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34321173
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110735 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Oct 2023Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is regarded as one of the most common malignant tumors. Various concomitant medications in RCC patients undergoing surgery are investigated to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is regarded as one of the most common malignant tumors. Various concomitant medications in RCC patients undergoing surgery are investigated to explore the potential for improving survival and preventing disease recurrence, including statin. It has been observed that these drugs induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to enhance the level of evidence for statin in RCC.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Sciencedirect, using terms relevant to the use of statins in RCC patients undergoing nephrectomy for publications published up to July 2023, according to a registered review procedure (CRD42023452318). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included study. Review Manager 5.4 was used for all analyses.
RESULTS
Seven articles was eligible for our study. The analysis revealed that patients receiving statin had a better overall survival compared to patients who does not receive statin (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.97, p = 0.03, I2 = 76%). However, there was insignificant difference in terms of CSS, DFS, and PFS between RCC patients receiving statin and without statin.
CONCLUSIONS
Statin has substantial benefits for improving OS. Even though the outcomes for CSS, DFS, and PFS were insignificant, the potential role of statins as a supplementary therapy in surgically treated RCC still requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Kidney Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nephrectomy
PubMed: 37791546
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11672 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Apr 2022Juglone (5 - hydroxy - 1, 4 - naphthalene diketone) is a kind of natural naphthoquinone, present in the roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees. Recent...
Juglone (5 - hydroxy - 1, 4 - naphthalene diketone) is a kind of natural naphthoquinone, present in the roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees. Recent studies have found that Juglone has special significance in the treatment of cancer, which plays a significant role in the resistance of cancer cell proliferation, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion, etc. Additionally, its derivatives also play a tumor suppressive effect. In conclusion, Juglone and its derivatives have been identified as effective anticancer drugs. This paper reviews action mechanisms of Juglone and its derivatives in cancer treatment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Humans; NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; Naphthoquinones; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35272138
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112785 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020The major invasive subtype of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The essential components of cancer development are chronic inflammation and neoangiogenesis....
The major invasive subtype of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The essential components of cancer development are chronic inflammation and neoangiogenesis. It has been suggested that the chemokine ligand 9, -10, -11 (CXCL9-11) and chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokines receptor expressed on monocytes, T and NK cells may be involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis. However, to date, little is known about the potential clinical significance of these chemokines and their receptor in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this review, we described the role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC. We performed an extensive search of the current literature in our investigation, using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. The changes of chemokines and their specific receptor in renal cell carcinoma were observed. Published studies revealed an increased expression of CXCR3 and elevated concentration of its ligands in RCC. The association between treatment of RCC and CXCL9-11/CXCR3 concentration and expression was also observed. Moreover, CXCR3 and its ligands levels were related to patient's prognosis, risk of metastasis and tumor growth. This review describes the potential role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC, as well as their potential immune-therapeutic significance. However, future studies should aim to confirm the clinical and prognostic role of CXCL9-11/CXCR3 in renal cell carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Chemokines, CXC; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Ligands; Neoplasm Proteins; Prognosis; Receptors, CXCR3
PubMed: 33202536
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228582 -
Cells Jan 2021The wound healing that follows myocardial infarction is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. In the last two...
The wound healing that follows myocardial infarction is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. In the last two decades, the involvement of WNT signaling has been extensively studied and effects on virtually all aspects of this wound healing have been reported. However, as often is the case in a newly emerging field, inconsistent and sometimes even contradictory findings have been reported. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of studies in which the effect of interventions in WNT signaling were investigated in in vivo models of cardiac injury. To this end, we used different search engines to perform a systematic search of the literature using the key words "WNT and myocardial and infarction". We categorized the interventions according to their place in the WNT signaling pathway (ligand, receptor, destruction complex or nuclear level). The most consistent improvements of the wound healing response were observed in studies in which the acylation of WNT proteins was inhibited by administering porcupine inhibitors, by inhibiting of the downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and by intervening in the β-catenin-mediated gene transcription. Interestingly, in several of these studies, evidence was presented for activation of cardiomyocyte proliferation around the infarct area. These findings indicate that inhibition of WNT signaling can play a valuable role in the repair of cardiac injury, thereby improving cardiac function and preventing the development of heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Humans; Inflammation; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33494313
DOI: 10.3390/cells10020207 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Nov 2021Esophageal and gastric malignancies are associated with poor prognosis, in part due to development of recurrences or metastases after curative treatment. The...
Esophageal and gastric malignancies are associated with poor prognosis, in part due to development of recurrences or metastases after curative treatment. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway might play a role in the development of treatment resistance. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of preclinical studies investigating the role of TGF-β in esophageal and gastric malignancies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE for eligible preclinical studies describing the effect of TGF-β or TGF-β inhibition on hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. In total, 2107 records were screened and 45 articles were included, using mouse models and 45 different cell lines. TGF-β failed to induce apoptosis in twelve of sixteen tested cell lines. TGF-β could either decrease (five cell lines) or increase proliferation (seven cell lines) in gastric cancer cells, but had no effect in esophageal cancer cells. In all esophageal and all but two gastric cancer cell lines, TGF-β increased migratory, adhesive and invasive capacities. In vivo studies showed increased metastasis in response to TGF-β treatment. Additionally, TGF-β was shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor production and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, we found that TGF-β enhances hallmarks of cancer in most gastric and esophageal cancer cell lines, but not in all. Therefore, targeting the TGF-β pathway could be an attractive strategy in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer, but additional clinical trials are needed to define patient groups who would benefit most.
Topics: Animals; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Mice; Stomach Neoplasms; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 34536730
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102285 -
BMC Cancer Aug 2020Curcumin is herbal compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin include inhibiting...
BACKGROUND
Curcumin is herbal compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin include inhibiting the carcinogenesis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inhibiting tumour growth. This study aims to determine the Clinical effects of curcumin in different types of cancers using systematic review approach.
METHODS
A systematic review methodology is adopted for undertaking detailed analysis of the effects of curcumin in cancer therapy. The results presented in this paper is an outcome of extracting the findings of the studies selected from the articles published in international databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI). These databases were thoroughly searched, and the relevant publications were selected based on the plausible keywords, in accordance with the study aims, as follows: prevalence, curcumin, clinical features, cancer.
RESULTS
The results are derived based on several clinical studies on curcumin consumption with chemotherapy drugs, highlighting that curcumin increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy which results in improving patient's survival time, and increasing the expression of anti-metastatic proteins along with reducing their side effects.
CONCLUSION
The comprehensive systematic review presented in this paper confirms that curcumin reduces the side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, resulting in improving patients' quality of life. A number of studies reported that, curcumin has increased patient survival time and decreased tumor markers' level.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cell Survival; Chemoradiotherapy; Curcumin; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Inflammation; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Oxidative Stress; Quality of Life; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 32838749
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07256-8 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2022Oleanolic acid (OA, 3 β - hydroxyoleanolic acid-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many plants. As a new framework for development of semi...
Oleanolic acid (OA, 3 β - hydroxyoleanolic acid-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many plants. As a new framework for development of semi synthetic triterpenoids, OA is of great significance in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Some of these derivatives, such as CDDO (2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1, 9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid) have been verified in clinical trials, while other derivatives studied previously, such as SZC014, SZC015 and SZC017 (OA derivatives respectively), are also candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This paper reviews the preclinical studies, literature evidence, target analysis and anticancer mechanism of OA and its derivatives. The mechanism of action of its derivatives mainly includes anti-cancer cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, regulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth, anti angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of OA and its derivatives has been elucidated. These effects seem to be mediated by the alterations in a variety of signaling pathways induced by OA and its derivatives. In conclusion, OA and its derivatives are considered as important candidate drugs for the treatment of cancer, indicating that OA and its derivatives have the potential to be used as anticancer drugs in practice.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Neoplasms; Oleanolic Acid; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34798468
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112397