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F1000Research 2023Utilizing the bioactive compounds found in pigmented rice might significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This study aims to systematically review existing...
Utilizing the bioactive compounds found in pigmented rice might significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This study aims to systematically review existing literature on the benefit of Asian pigmented rice bioactive compounds and their implication in breast cancer. Searches of the literature were conducted in two databases (Scopus and PubMed) for a systematic review. The keywords resulted in a total of 407 articles, consisting of 103 PubMed and 304 Scopus articles. 32 manuscripts were excluded because the article was over 10 years old. After excluding book chapters and non-English languages, we had 278 potential articles to be reviewed. After checking and screening the title and abstract and eliminating duplicate articles, then 66 articles were obtained. After the selection and elimination of the full-text manuscripts, finally 10 of them which met the inclusion criteria. The included studies in this review were entirely based in Asia. The year of publication ranged from 2013 to 2020. Half of included studies used black rice extract, two used red jasmine rice extracts, and three used Korean rice extracts (black, red, dark purple and brown rice). All studies were conducted and three studies were compared with tests on female mice. The pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple rice, and contains a variety of peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, proanthocyanidin, cinnamic acid, and anthocyanins that may act as pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-metastasis of the breast cancer cells. Pigmented rice is a beneficial food which possessed bioactive compounds that may have significant potential concerning a breast cancer.
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Anthocyanins; Oryza; Asia; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37854873
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130329.1 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Dec 2022Tart cherries are rich in bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and other phytochemicals known to have antioxidant properties and exert cardiovascular protective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tart cherries are rich in bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and other phytochemicals known to have antioxidant properties and exert cardiovascular protective effects. However, there is no definitive consensus on this context. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of tart cherry juice consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception up to December 2021 to identify eligible RCT studies. A random-effect model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (95% CI).
RESULTS
Ten RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that tart cherry juice consumption led to a significant reduction in the fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (WMD = -0.51 mg/dl [95% CI: -0.98, -0.06]). This lowering effect of FBS was robust in subgroups with cross-over studies, participants with age range ≥ 40, duration of follow-up ≤ 4 weeks, and baseline BMI ≥ 30. In contrast, tart cherry juice had no effect on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, in the subgroup analysis, some significant effects were observed for insulin, TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this meta-analysis showed that tart cherry juice mostly had a favorable effect on FBG levels. However, further RCTs with long-term intervention with different doses of administration are needed.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Cholesterol, LDL; Anthocyanins; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Cholesterol, HDL; Triglycerides; Insulin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36038032
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102883 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023Researchers discovered that diets rich in anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables significantly impacted gut flora. To conclude, large-scale randomized controlled... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Researchers discovered that diets rich in anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables significantly impacted gut flora. To conclude, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials are challenging to conduct; therefore, merging data from multiple small studies may aid. A systematic review collects and analyses all research on a particular subject and design. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis examined the influence of dietary anthocyanins on Firmicutes/Bacteroide (Fir/Bac) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. The current meta-analysis followed the guidelines of PRISMA-the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Diets high in anthocyanins substantially reduced the Fir/Bac ratio in the assessed trials. Among three SCFAs, the highest impact was observed on acetic acid, followed by propionic acid, and then butanoic acid. The meta-analysis results also obtained sufficient heterogeneity, as indicated by I values. There is strong evidence that anthocyanin supplementation improves rodent gut health biomarkers (Fir/Bac and SCFAs), reducing obesity-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed in this systematic review/meta-analysis. Anthocyanin intervention duration and dosage significantly influenced the Fir/Bac ratio and SCFA. Anthocyanin-rich diets were more effective when consumed over an extended period and at a high dosage.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Acetic Acid; Bacteroidetes; Firmicutes
PubMed: 36720989
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28764-0 -
Nutrients Jun 2020Elevated blood pressure affects a great part of the elderly population and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New approaches have been taken in the...
Elevated blood pressure affects a great part of the elderly population and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New approaches have been taken in the fight against this growing problem, in the form of diets (Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and intermittent fasting). Recent research has shown the promising results regarding diets and their effect on the prevention and improvement of elevated blood pressure. This review attempts to take this a step further, reviewing 26 studies in the search for dietary elements that may be causing this improvement. Although good evidence was found in favor of lycopene, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fiber and anthocyanin, further evidence is needed before any conclusions can be made. In contrast, the evidence shows that licorice increases blood pressure.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Blood Pressure; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Dietary Fiber; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fasting; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hypertension; Lycopene; Male
PubMed: 32503160
DOI: 10.3390/nu12061659 -
Journal of the International Society of... May 2020Blackcurrants have come to be regarded as a superfood because of their high polyphenol content, namely anthocyanins. While many berry types have been studied,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Blackcurrants have come to be regarded as a superfood because of their high polyphenol content, namely anthocyanins. While many berry types have been studied, blackcurrant-anthocyanins may be the superior berry when it comes to athletic performance. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effects of blackcurrant supplementation on athletic performance, oxidative markers, cognition, and side effects.
METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Review manager software (version 5.3) was used for the meta-analysis. The risks of bias was independently assessed using the guidelines and criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The data sources for the search included MEDLINE (Ovid), Google Scholar databases, additional references lists, conference proceedings and grey literature until August 2019. Eligibility Criteria included all blackcurrant (New Zealand derived) interventions, randomised control trials, human participants, placebo-controlled only.
RESULTS
A total of 16 separate studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review, with 9 studies contributing to this sport performance meta-analysis. There was an improvement in sport performance when supplementing with blackcurrant, 0.45 (95% CI 0.09-0.81, p = 0.01). The effective dose appears to be between 105 and 210 mg of total blackcurrant anthocyanins, prior to exercise. There were insufficient studies reporting oxidative markers, cognitive effects or biomarkers, and/or side effects to comment on the mechanism of action.
CONCLUSION
Blackcurrant has a small, but significant, effect on sport performance, with no known detrimental side effects.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Athletic Performance; Biomarkers; Humans; New Zealand; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Ribes; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 32460873
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00354-9 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jul 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess effect of consuming anthocyanins (ACNs; pure ACNs or products containing ACNs) on liver enzymes levels including... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess effect of consuming anthocyanins (ACNs; pure ACNs or products containing ACNs) on liver enzymes levels including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Although no significant impact was detected on the liver enzymes, a significant reduction was observed on ALT (WMD = -4.932 U/L, 95% CI = -9.848 to -0.015, = .049) and AST (WMD = -3.464 U/L, 95% CI = -6.034 to -0.894, = .008) in the studies that examined them as primary outcomes. A significant decrease was found on AST among the healthy subjects (WMD = -4.325 U/L, 95% CI = -8.516 to -0.134, = .043) and in the studies that used products containing ACNs as intervention (WMD = -2.201 U/L, 95% CI = -4.275 to -0.127, = .037). Although no significant relation was detected between ACNs dosage and the liver enzymes, significant associations were found between the duration of trial with ALT (ALT: slope: 0.09, 95% CI = 0.040 to 0.139, = .0003) and AST (slope: 0.076, 95% CI = 0.037 to 0.115, = .0001). In conclusion, although ACNs had no significant effect on the liver enzymes, a significant decrease was discovered on ALT and AST in the studies that evaluated them as primary outcomes. A significant reduction was observed in AST in the healthy individuals and in the studies used products containing ACNs as intervention. Significant relations were also found between the duration of trial with ALT and AST. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
PubMed: 34262751
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2278 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Oct 2019Studies have shown that anthocyanins attenuate obesity. In this review, we confirm these effects and explain the possible mechanisms underlying them. A systematic search...
Studies have shown that anthocyanins attenuate obesity. In this review, we confirm these effects and explain the possible mechanisms underlying them. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases using obesity as the main term along with anthocyanins and the main anthocyanidins, including articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish without any restriction as to year. The review was carried out by peers following PRISMA recommendations: 1980 studies were identified, and 19 articles were analyzed. The studies varied in relation to time, pathways, cells used, and anthocyanin types. The positive effects were observed in 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis and in a reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. Anthocyanins can improve the metabolic control involved in obesity by reducing lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This can boost the speed of lipolysis and thermogenesis, regulate satiety, and reduce body fat accumulation. In addition, anthocyanins have shown promising effects on controlling obesity compared with the standard of care.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Anti-Obesity Agents; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Organelle Biogenesis; Oxidative Stress; Rats
PubMed: 31310961
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.05.005 -
Nutrients Mar 2024This study aims to update the evidence and clarify whether cranberry possesses lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties in humans. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study aims to update the evidence and clarify whether cranberry possesses lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties in humans. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2023. In total, 3145 publications were reviewed and 16 of them were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 were applied for statistical analyses. The results revealed a significant decrease in the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) (MD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.04; = 0.02) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.14; = 0.01) with cranberry consumption. However, it did not influence total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. In subgroup analysis, cranberry consumption in dried form (capsules, powder, and tablets) was found to significantly decrease the fasting insulin level (three studies, one hundred sixty-five participants, MD = -2.16; 95% CI: -4.24, -0.07; = 0.04), while intervention duration, health conditions, and dosage of polyphenols and anthocyanins had no impact on blood lipid and glycemic parameters. In summary, cranberry might have potential benefits in regulating lipid and glucose profiles.
Topics: Humans; Anthocyanins; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Insulin; Lipids; Plant Extracts; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triglycerides; Vaccinium macrocarpon
PubMed: 38542695
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060782 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS intake on immune mediators. The Scopus and PUBMED databases were searched for all human and animal studies that investigated the effect of HS administration on immune related biomarkers. For each of the immune biomarkers, the mean, standard deviation and number of subjects were extracted for both the HS treated and untreated group. These values were used in the computation of standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis and forest plot were done with R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Twenty seven (27) studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty two (22) of the studies were used for the meta-analysis which included a total of 1211 subjects. The meta-analysis showed that HS administration significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α (n=10; pooled SMD: -1.55; 95% CI: -2.43, -0.67; P < 0.01), IL-6 (n=11; pooled SMD:-1.09; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.40; P < 0.01), IL-1β (n=7; pooled SMD:-0.62; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.00; P = 0.05), Edema formation (n=4; pooled SMD: -2.29; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.11; P = 0.04), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (n=4; pooled SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.57; P < 0.01) and Angiotensin converting enzyme cascade (n=6; pooled SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.25; P < 0.01). The levels of IL-10 (n=4; pooled SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -1.67, 0.91; P = 0.56), Interleukin 8 (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.12; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.51; P = 0.71), iNOS (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.69; 95% CI: -1.60, 0.23 P = 0.14) and C- Reactive Protein (n=4; pooled SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.36; P = 0.75), were not significantly changed by HS administration. Some of the results had high statistical heterogeneity. HS may be promising in the management of disorders involving hyperactive immune system or chronic inflammation.
Topics: Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Cytokines; Hibiscus; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Immunity; Immunologic Factors; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34040600
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.550670 -
Nutrition Reviews Jul 2020Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds found in berries. They exhibit promising health benefits in humans, but no accurate biomarkers of berry intake have been identified... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds found in berries. They exhibit promising health benefits in humans, but no accurate biomarkers of berry intake have been identified thus far.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review is to propose a biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in human plasma and urine.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2019.
STUDY SELECTION
Databases were searched for human intervention studies that assessed the presence of anthocyanins in human body fluids using high-throughput techniques. Non-English articles and studies publishing targeted analyses were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION
Ten clinical trials, in which 203 phenolic compounds were identified, were included and assessed qualitatively. The following criteria were used to identify biomarkers of berry intake: frequency, plausibility, dose-response, time response, robustness, reliability, stability, analytical performance, and reproducibility. Sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve.
RESULTS
Of the 203 phenolic compounds identified in human samples, the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was the molecule found most frequently in urine (58.06%) and plasma (69.49%). Cyanidin-3-glucoside fulfills the essential criterion of plausibility as well as the dose-response, time response, stability, and analytical performance criteria. Its positive predictive value is 74% (P = 0.210) in plasma, which is acceptable, and 61.7% (P = 0.402) in urine.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence suggests that cyanidin-3-glucoside is a potential biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in plasma and urine of healthy humans.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42018096796.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Biomarkers; Clinical Trials as Topic; Eating; Fruit; Glucosides; Humans
PubMed: 31858139
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz083