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Social Science & Medicine (1982) Oct 2021In a context of increasing international dialogue around the appropriate means and ends of newborn screening programmes, it is critical to explore the perspectives of... (Review)
Review
In a context of increasing international dialogue around the appropriate means and ends of newborn screening programmes, it is critical to explore the perspectives of those directly impacted by such screening. This meta-ethnography uses a systematic review process to identify qualitative studies that focus on parents' experiences of newborn screening published in English-language academic journals from 2000 to 2019 (n = 36). The included studies represent a range of moments, outcomes, and conditions that illuminate discrete elements of the newborn screening journey. We draw on these varied studies to construct a diagram of possible newborn screening pathways and through so-doing identify a critical window of time between the signalling of a positive newborn screen and the end of the screening process. During this critical window of time, families navigate complex emotional reactions, information, and decisions. From an in-depth analysis of this data, we develop the concept of "absorptive capacity" as a lens through which to understand parents' responses to new and emerging information. Alongside this, we identify how the "concertinaing of time" - the various ways that parents experience the expansion and compression of time throughout and beyond the screening pathway - affects their absorptive capacities. This study underscores the need to move away from viewing newborn screening as a discrete series of clinical events and instead understand it as a process that can have far-reaching implications across time, space, and family groups. Using this understanding of screening as a starting point, we make recommendations to facilitate communication and support for screened families, including the antenatal provision of information to parents and accommodations for the fluctuations in parents' absorptive capacities across the screening trajectory.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Communication; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neonatal Screening; Parents; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 34534781
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114367 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jan 2021An increasing number of qualitative research articles have reported on relatives' experiences of providing care for individuals displaying suicidal behaviour. To... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of qualitative research articles have reported on relatives' experiences of providing care for individuals displaying suicidal behaviour. To contribute more fully to theory and practice, these reported experiences must be synthesized.
OBJECTIVES
To identify original qualitative studies of relatives' experiences of providing care for individuals with non-fatal suicidal behaviour and to systematically review and synthesize this research using a meta-ethnographic approach.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-ethnography.
DATA SOURCES
Literature searches were undertaken in six bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) and limited to peer-reviewed original studies. Eligible studies reported relatives' experiences of providing care for individuals with suicidal behaviour, published in English or a Scandinavian language.
REVIEW METHODS
One reviewer screened the titles, abstracts and full texts and then collaborated with another reviewer on excluding ineligible studies. A two-step strategy was used while reviewing publications: 1) appraising study quality, and 2) classifying study findings according to degree of data interpretation. This strategy was used for each study by two independent reviewers who subsequently reached a shared decision on inclusion. Noblit and Hare's methodology for translation and synthesis was followed in developing a novel theoretical interpretation of relatives' experiences. The concept of moral career was adopted in producing this synthesis.
RESULTS
Of 7,334 publications screened, 12 studies were eligible for inclusion. The synthesis conveyed relatives' moral career as comprising four stages, each depicting relatives' different perspectives on life and felt identities. First, relatives negotiated conventional ideas about normalcy and positioned themselves as living abnormal family lives in the stage from normal to abnormal. The first career movement could be mediated by social interactions with professionals in the stage feeling helpful or feeling unhelpful. For some relatives, this negotiated perspective of abnormality got stuck in an impasse. They did not interact with their surroundings in ways that would enable them to renegotiate these fixed views, and this stage was named stuck in abnormality. For other relatives, career movement took place as relatives re-positioned themselves as negotiating an alternative perspective of normalcy in the stage from abnormal to normal.
CONCLUSIONS
Interactions with other people facing similar difficulties enabled relatives to shift perspectives and alleviated experiences of distress.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Emotions; Humans; Morals; Qualitative Research; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 33161331
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103793 -
Efficacy and safety of Shumian capsules in treating insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine Dec 2021It is known to all that the incidence of insomnia is becoming higher and higher with the increase of people's life stress. To some extent, it has brought about bad... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
It is known to all that the incidence of insomnia is becoming higher and higher with the increase of people's life stress. To some extent, it has brought about bad effects on people's life, work, study, and health, such as mental exhaustion, low work efficiency, and mood irritability. Now there are medications and non-medications methods for insomnia. As one of the treatments for insomnia, western medicine is to prolong the sleeping time and improve the anxious mood. However, taking western medicine to treat insomnia can also be accompanied by some adverse reactions at the same time, such as drug dependence, an allergic reaction, and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy is based on syndrome differentiation and holistic concept. Shumian capsules (SM) are a kind of proprietary Chinese medicine for insomnia, which have the effect of relieving depression and calming the mind. But there are no studies on the efficacy and safety of SM in the treatment of insomnia. Therefore, I will provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SM for insomnia.
METHODS
All the studies searched were from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases, and the studies types included in the analysis were all randomized controlled trials. All the retrieval contents were completed independently by 2 researchers, and a third reviewer would be involved when there existed any disagreement. The eligible studies were screened out according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, and some useful information was extracted and made into a feature table, including the year of the included studies, the age, and disease course of the participants in the studies and intervention methods, etc. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of literature and meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULTS
A total of 9 articles including 709 participants were included in the study after screening out. The primary outcomes of statistical analysis were cure rate and total effective rate, while the secondary outcomes included Pittsburgh sleep quality index score and incidence of adverse reactions. The results showed that Pittsburgh sleep quality index score of the SM group and Western medicine group were statistically significant (MD = -0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-0.78, -0.22], P = .0005). The total effective rate of the SM group was slightly higher than that of the Western medicine group, but there was no statistical significance (relative risk [RR] = 1.03, 95% CI = [0.95,1.13], P = .43).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis provides evidence for the efficacy and safety of SM in the treatment of insomnia, and provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of insomnia. But more research is needed to support further evidence.
Topics: Capsules; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Quality
PubMed: 34918675
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028194 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2022Aconitum carmichaelii, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a widely used traditional herbal plant in Asian countries, especially in China. The lateral ("Fuzi") and... (Review)
Review
Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux: A systematic review on traditional use, and the chemical structures and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in the roots.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Aconitum carmichaelii, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a widely used traditional herbal plant in Asian countries, especially in China. The lateral ("Fuzi") and mother ("Chuanwu") roots are the two main plant parts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where they are used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and as analgesics.
AIM OF THE STUDY
In order to further guide the research direction and application of A. carmichaelii, this study aims to give a systematic and in-depth overview on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies of non-alkaloid natural products with focus on polysaccharides and phenolic compounds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search in the literature was conducted based on the databases Google Scholar, SciFinder (American Chemical Society), Springer Link, PubMed Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, in addition to books, doctoral and master's dissertations, and official website. The main keywords were: "Aconitum carmichaelii", "Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata", "Fuzi", "Chuanwu", "Aconiti Radix", "monkshood" and "Bushi".
RESULTS
A. carmichaelii is known for the use of its different root parts, including "Fuzi" and "Chuanwu". Different types of polysaccharides, both neutral and acidic, and 39 phenolic compounds like flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, neolignans, and benzoic acid derivatives have been isolated and identified from the roots. Pharmacological studies of the isolated polysaccharides have demonstrated various biological effects such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and neuropharmacological activities. Studies on pharmacological effects of the phenolic compounds isolated from the roots are however limited.
CONCLUSIONS
This review shows that polysaccharides could be one of the active components in the roots of A. carmichaelii, and they are promising for future applications due to their pharmacological properties. In addition, polysaccharides are generally non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. This review also sheds light on new research directions for A. carmichaelii. A more detailed structural characterization of polysaccharides from different root parts of A. carmichaelii, and their structure-activity relationships are required. Additionally, their pharmacological properties as immunomodulators in the intestinal system should be investigated. Further, more knowledge about the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of the phenolic compounds that have been identified are needed.
Topics: Aconitum; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35240238
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115148 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jan 2021Postpartum depression (PPD) is a highly prevalent mental health problem that affects parental health with implications for child health in infancy, childhood,...
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a highly prevalent mental health problem that affects parental health with implications for child health in infancy, childhood, adolescence and beyond. The primary aim of this study was to critically appraise available systematic reviews describing interventions for PPD. The secondary aim was to evaluate the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and their conclusions.
METHODS
An electronic database search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2020 was conducted to identify systematic reviews that examined an intervention for PPD. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews was utilized to independently score each included systematic review which was then critically appraised to better define the most effective therapeutic options for PPD.
RESULTS
Of the 842 studies identified, 83 met the a priori criteria for inclusion. Based on the systematic reviews with the highest methodological quality, we found that use of antidepressants and telemedicine were the most effective treatments for PPD. Symptoms of PPD were also improved by traditional herbal medicine and aromatherapy. Current evidence for physical exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy in treating PPD remains equivocal. A significant, but weak relationship between AMSTAR score and journal impact factor was observed (p = 0.03, r = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.43) whilst no relationship was found between the number of total citations (p = 0.27, r = 0.12; 95% CI, - 0.09 to 0.34), or source of funding (p = 0.19).
CONCLUSION
Overall the systematic reviews on interventions for PPD are of low-moderate quality and are not improving over time. Antidepressants and telemedicine were the most effective therapeutic interventions for PPD treatment.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Aromatherapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression, Postpartum; Exercise; Female; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytotherapy; Telemedicine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33407226
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03496-5 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022(1) Background: Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a...
(1) Background: Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in . (4) Conclusion: could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Orthosiphon; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 35056765
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2023glycosides (TG), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat chronic urticaria (CU) in China, and the evidence of TG for CU needs to be updated thoroughly. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
glycosides (TG), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat chronic urticaria (CU) in China, and the evidence of TG for CU needs to be updated thoroughly.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TG combined with H1-antihistamine (H1-AH) in adults with CU.
METHODS
Eligible randomized controlled trials were searched in eight databases until May 31, 2022, including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. The search terms included urticaria, , Lei Gong Teng, and Leigongteng. Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 27 studies with 2788 patients were included. The pooled results showed that TG plus H1-AH was superior to H1-AH alone in cure rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.63, = 0.0003), total efficacy rate (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.50, < 0.00001), pruritus (MD = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.54 to -0.11, = 0.003), wheal number (MD = -0.31, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.07, = 0.01), wheal size (MD = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.46 to -0.19, < 0.00001), and the serum level of immunoglobulin E (SMD = -1.39, 95% CI = -2.42 to -0.36, = 0.008). Moreover, adverse events between two groups were mild, and their incidences were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of TG and H1-AH is a promising and safe treatment for adults with refractory CU. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm the evidence.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Tripterygium; Glycosides; Chronic Urticaria; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 36694954
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2169468 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Dec 2021To perform meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound in the treatment of endometriosis (EMS)-induced... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To perform meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound in the treatment of endometriosis (EMS)-induced infertility.
METHODS
The databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) were used to search for articles on the treatment of EMS-induced infertility with TCM compound from database establishment to September 2021. Endnote X9 software was used to screen the articles. Stata 15.1 and RevMan 5.3 software were used to record the data, and a meta-analysis was performed on the effective rate, pregnancy rate, abortion rate, incidence of adverse reactions, luteinizing hormone (LH) level, and estradiol (E2) level of TCM compound in the treatment of EMS-induced infertility. Finally, the reliability of the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. A funnel plot was used to evaluate the publication bias of the articles.
RESULTS
A total of 11 articles were included. Meta-analysis showed that when TCM compound was used to treat EMS-induced infertility, the effective rate of the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group [odds ratio (OR) =1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00 to 1.60; P=0.049], and the difference was statistically significant; the pregnancy rate of the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR =1.94; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.50; P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant; the abortion rate of the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group (OR =0.16; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.48; P=0.01), and the difference was statistically significant; and the incidence of adverse reactions in the trial group was not significantly different from the control group (OR =0.48; 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.34; P=0.162); the LH level of the trial and control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) =0.51; 95% CI: -1.73 to 2.75; P=0.658], and the E2 level (SMD =1.65; 95% CI: -0.77 to 4.07; P=0.182) had no statistical difference.
DISCUSSION
Chinese herbal compound is effective in the treatment of endometriotic infertility and has a positive effect on improving the pregnancy rate.
Topics: Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35016430
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-3425 -
Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the... Nov 2022Racial and ethnic disparities exist in gestational diabetes prevalence and risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Postpartum engagement in healthy... (Review)
Review
Barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis applying the theoretical domains framework.
AIMS
Racial and ethnic disparities exist in gestational diabetes prevalence and risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Postpartum engagement in healthy behaviours is recommended for prevention and early detection of T2DM, yet uptake is low among women from diverse cultural backgrounds. Greater understanding of factors impacting postpartum health behaviours is needed. Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, our aim was to synthesise barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior GDM and identify relevant intervention components.
METHODS
Databases, reference lists and grey literature were searched from September 2017 to April 2021. Two reviewers screened articles independently against inclusion criteria and extracted data. Using an inductive-deductive model, themes were mapped to the TDF and COM-B model.
RESULTS
After screening 5148 citations and 139 full texts, we included 35 studies (N = 787 participants). The main ethnicities included Asian (43%), Indigenous (15%) and African (11%). Barriers and enablers focused on Capability (e.g. knowledge), Opportunity (e.g. competing demands, social support from family, friends and healthcare professionals, culturally appropriate education and resources) and Motivation (e.g. negative emotions, perceived consequences and necessity of health behaviours, social/cultural identity). Five relevant intervention functions are identified to link the barriers and enablers to evidence-based recommendations for communications to support behaviour change.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide a conceptual model to inform recommendations regarding the development of messaging and interventions to support women from diverse cultural backgrounds in engaging in healthy behaviours to reduce risk of T2DM.
Topics: Culture; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Motivation; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 36004677
DOI: 10.1111/dme.14945 -
Medicine Sep 2022Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUNDS
Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of epilepsy. The current treatment of epilepsy in the control of symptoms at the same time cause a lot of side effects, especially the aggravation of cognitive impairment. Many literatures have stated that the efficacy and safety of integrated Traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment is superior to that of western medicine alone. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we intend to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of removing stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. The Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, CQVIP Database (CQVIP), Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Pubmed were searched by computer, and randomized controlled studies on the efficacy of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive disorders were included. Retrieval was carried out until January 2022, and relevant data were extracted for meta-analysis using Rev Man5.3 software.
RESULTS
Fourteen randomized controlled studies with a total of 1198 patients were included, including 601 patients in the control group and 597 patients in the treatment group (experimental group).
RESULTS
Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment in the western anti-epileptic drugs group alone, the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment combined with the method of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm could significantly improve the clinical efficacy of epilepsy (OR = 3.41, 95% CI 2.39-4.88, P < .001). Improved the TCM symptom score (OR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.72-9.26, P < .001). Increased the EEG improvement rate (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, P = .02). Improved MOCA score and cognitive function (MD = 3.54, 95% CI 1.68-5.40, P < .001). Improved QOLIE-31 cognitive function score. Improved cognitive function (MD = 7.22, 95% CI 3.35-11.08, P < .001). Improved the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.76, P = .001).
CONCLUSION
Compared with the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment by western anti-epileptic drugs alone, the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment combined with the method of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm is superior to the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment by western anti-epileptic drugs alone.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Epilepsy; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36123849
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030212