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The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 2021Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in symptomatic malaria patients. We searched databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (January 1950-April 2020) for studies reporting on cardiovascular complications in adults and children with malaria. Cardiovascular complications were defined as abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography on admission or during outpatient examination. Studies of patients with known heart disease or cardiovascular evaluation performed after the start of intravenous antimalarial medication were excluded. The study was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (No.: CRD42020167672). The literature search yielded 1,243 studies, and a total of 43 studies with symptomatic malaria patients were included. Clinical studies (n = 12 adults; n = 5 children) comprised 3,117 patients, of which a majority had Plasmodium falciparum (n = 15) and were diagnosed with severe malaria (n = 13). In random-effects models of adults, the pooled prevalence estimate for any cardiovascular complication was 7% (95% CI: 5-9). No meta-analysis was conducted in children, but the range of abnormal ECG was 0-8%, cardiac biomarkers 0-57%, and echocardiography 4-9%. We analyzed 33 cases (n = 10 postmortem), in which the most common cardiovascular pathologies were myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. All histopathological studies found evidence of parasitized red blood cells in the myocardium. Cardiovascular complications are not uncommon in symptomatic adults and children with malaria. Additional studies investigating malaria and cardiovascular disease are encouraged.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Child; Electrocardiography; Erythrocytes; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Myocarditis; Myocardium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33724926
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1414 -
International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2020Diagnosis is a challenging issue for eliminating malaria. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) could be an alternative to conventional methods. This study aimed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods compared with microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis is a challenging issue for eliminating malaria. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) could be an alternative to conventional methods. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for malaria compared with microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).
METHODS AND DESIGN
MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception to 1 July 2019. Prospective and retrospective, randomised and non-randomised, mono-center and multi-center studies, including symptomatic or asymptomatic patients, that reported one LAMP method and one comparator (microscopy, RDT or PCR) were included. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017075186.
RESULTS
Sixty-six studies published between 2006 and 2019 were included, leading to the analysis of 30,641 LAMP tests. The pooled sensitivity of LAMP remained between 96% and 98%, whichever the comparator. The pooled specificity of LAMP was around 95%, but was a little higher if the best PCR studies were considered. The AUC was found to be >0.98, whichever the subgroup of studies was considered. Diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was found to be around 1000 for all subgroups, except for Plasmodium vivax.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis confirmed that the LAMP method is robust for diagnosing malaria, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic people. Thus, the impact of LAMP for controlling malaria is expected to be important.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Malaria; Microscopy; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Plasmodium; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32659450
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.009 -
PloS One 2021Multiple infections of genetically distinct clones of the same Plasmodium species are common in many malaria endemic settings. Mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) and...
Multiple infections of genetically distinct clones of the same Plasmodium species are common in many malaria endemic settings. Mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the proportion of polyclonal infections are often reported as surrogate marker of transmission intensity, yet the relationship with traditional measures such as parasite prevalence is not well understood. We have searched Pubmed for articles on P. falciparum and P. vivax multiplicity, and compared the proportion of polyclonal infections and mean MOI to population prevalence. The impact of the genotyping method, number of genotyping markers, method for diagnosis (microscopy/RDT vs. PCR), presence of clinical symptoms, age, geographic region, and year of sample collection on multiplicity indices were assessed. For P. falciparum, 153 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 275 individual data points and 33,526 genotyped individuals. The proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from 0-96%, and mean MOI from 1-6.1. For P. vivax, 54 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 115 data points and 13,325 genotyped individuals. The proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from 0-100%, and mean MOI from 1-3.8. For both species, the proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from very low to close to 100% at low prevalence, while at high prevalence it was always high. Each percentage point increase in prevalence resulted in a 0.34% increase in the proportion of polyclonal P. falciparum infections (P<0.001), and a 0.78% increase in the proportion of polyclonal P. vivax infections (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence, typing multiple markers, diagnosis of infections by PCR, and sampling in Africa were found to result in a higher proportion of P. falciparum polyclonal infections. For P. vivax, prevalence, year of study, typing multiple markers, and geographic region were significant predictors. In conclusion, polyclonal infections are frequently present in all settings, but the association between multiplicity and prevalence is weak.
Topics: Humans; Laboratories; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Prevalence
PubMed: 34115783
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249382 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a crucial antioxidant with recognized roles in malaria pathogenesis and host response. Despite its importance, reports on the association of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a crucial antioxidant with recognized roles in malaria pathogenesis and host response. Despite its importance, reports on the association of GSH with malaria are inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the differences in GSH levels in relation to Plasmodium infection. A comprehensive literature search of six electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest) was conducted. Of the 2158 initially identified records, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies reported a significant decrease in GSH levels in malaria patients compared with uninfected controls, and this was confirmed by meta-analysis (P < 0.01, Hedges g: - 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 2.48 to - 0.46, I: 99.12%, 17 studies). Additionally, there was no significant difference in GSH levels between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and P. vivax malaria (P = 0.80, Hedges g: 0.11, 95% CI - 0.76 to 0.98, I: 93.23%, three studies). Similarly, no significant variation was observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria cases (P = 0.78, Hedges g: 0.06, 95% CI - 0.34 to 0.46, I: 48.07%, two studies). In conclusion, although GSH levels appear to be generally lower in malaria patients, further detailed studies are necessary to fully elucidate this complex relationship.
Topics: Humans; Malaria, Vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; Glutathione; Plasmodium vivax; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria
PubMed: 37777547
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43583-z -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Sep 2020Co-infection with both Plasmodium and dengue virus (DENV) infectious species could have serious and fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed and without timely treatment. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Co-infection with both Plasmodium and dengue virus (DENV) infectious species could have serious and fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed and without timely treatment. The present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection, the risk of severe diseases due to co-infection, and to describe the complications of severe malaria and severe dengue among patients with co-infection.
METHODS
Relevant studies published between databases between 12 September 1970 and 22 May 2020 were identified and retrieved through a search of the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection was estimated with a random-effects model to take into account the between-study heterogeneity of the included studies. The risks of severe malaria and severe diseases due to co-infection were estimated with the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI with a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Of the 5653 articles screened, 13 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection was 32% (95% CI: 18-47%, I = 92.3%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe diseases than those with DENV mono-infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.96-7.95, I = 72%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe dengue than those with DENV mono-infection (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08-3.63, I = 69%). The most severe complications found in severe dengue were bleeding (39.6%), jaundice (19.8%), and shock/hypotension (17.9%), while the most severe complications found in severe malaria were severe bleeding/bleeding (47.9%), jaundice (32.2%), and impaired consciousness (7.43%).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study found that there was a high prevalence of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection. Physicians in endemic areas where these two diseases overlap should recognize that patients with this co-infection can develop either severe malaria or severe dengue with bleeding complications, but a greater risk of developing severe dengue than severe malaria was noted in patients with this co-infection.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The protocol of this study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020196792 .
Topics: Coinfection; Dengue Virus; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypotension; Jaundice; Malaria; Odds Ratio; Plasmodium; Prevalence; Severe Dengue
PubMed: 32962765
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00741-z -
Poultry Science Apr 2022A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of Eimeria species, dose and inoculation time, on performance and infection outcomes of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of Eimeria species, dose and inoculation time, on performance and infection outcomes of different broiler strains infected for different study durations. The meta-analysis addressed E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and mixed species infections, and involved data from 72 peer-reviewed articles, corresponding to 521 treatments performed on 20,756 broilers. A secondary objective was to investigate the effects of synthetic anticoccidials, ionophores, and vaccination against Eimeria on the above outcomes. Performance during infection was scaled (%) to that of the uninfected birds. Infection reduced scaled ADFI and ADG (P < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05); there was a significant interaction between dose and species on scaled ADFI and ADG, suggesting that different species affected these variables to different extents (P < 0.001). There was a tendency for an interaction between dose and broiler strain on scaled ADFI (P = 0.079), and a significant interaction between these variables on scaled ADG (P < 0.01). A tendency for an interaction between oocyst dose and Eimeria species (P = 0.067) on maximum number of oocysts excreted was observed. Lesion scores were significantly affected by dose, species, and their interaction (P < 0.05), the latter caused by an increase in the lesion scores during E. maxima and E. tenella infections. Control methods significantly affected scaled ADG and FCR (P < 0.05) and there was an interaction between dose and control methods on ADFI (P < 0.001). Synthetic anticoccidial use improved scaled ADG (P < 0.01), whereas ionophores improved FCR compared with untreated birds (P < 0.01). An interaction between dose and control method on scaled ADFI was caused by the higher ADFI of vaccinated compared to untreated birds, as dose increased. There was a significant effect of control methods on lesion scores (P < 0.01). All findings advance our understanding of the factors that influence the impact of coccidiosis and its controls in broilers.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Ionophores; Oocysts; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 35219136
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101746 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2021Eimeria spp. cause the disease coccidiosis, which results in chronic wasting of livestock and can lead to the death of the animal. The disease, common worldwide, has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Eimeria spp. cause the disease coccidiosis, which results in chronic wasting of livestock and can lead to the death of the animal. The disease, common worldwide, has caused huge economic losses to the cattle industry in particular. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of bovine Eimeria in China. Our search of five databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, and Wan Fang for articles published up to February 29, 2020 on the prevalence of Eimeria in cattle in mainland China yielded 46 articles, in which the prevalence of cattle ranged from 4.6% to 87.5%. The rate of bovine Eimeria infection has been decreasing year by year, from 57.9% before 2000 to 25.0% after 2015, but it is still high. We also analyzed the region, sampling years, detection methods, feeding model, seasons, and species of bovine Eimeria. We recommend that prevention strategies should focus on strengthening detection of Eimeria in calves in the intensive farming model.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; China; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Feces; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34374643
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021055 -
Malaria Journal Jan 2020In 2017, nearly 80% of malaria morbidity and mortality occurred in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and India. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), especially those... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
In 2017, nearly 80% of malaria morbidity and mortality occurred in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and India. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), especially those targeting histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) of Plasmodium falciparum, have become an important diagnostic tool in these malaria-endemic areas. However, the chances of RDT-oriented successful treatment are increasingly jeopardized by the appearance of mutants with deletions in pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determines the prevalence of field P. falciparum isolates with deletion in pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes and their proportion among false-negative results in the PfHRP2-based RDTs in SSA and India.
METHODS
Eight electronic databases were used for searching potentially relevant publications for the systematic review analysis, wherein the main methodological aspects of included studies were analysed and some missing links in the included studies were identified.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included, 16 from SSA and 3 from India. The pooled prevalence of pfhrp2 deletions was 8 and 5% while 16 and 4% for pfhrp3 gene deletions in Africa and India, respectively. The pooled proportion of pfhrp2 gene deletions found among false negative PfHRP2-based RDTs results was about 27.0 and 69.0% in Africa and India, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This review study indicates a relatively high proportion of both pfhrp2/3 genes deletions in P. falciparum isolates and among false-negative malaria cases using PfHRP2-based RDT results in SSA and India. Recently the deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes have also been reported from two African countries (Nigeria and Sudan). This review emphasizes the importance of more extensive studies and standardization of studies addressing the pfhrp2/3 gene deletions in malarious areas.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Antigens, Protozoan; False Negative Reactions; Gene Deletion; Genome, Protozoan; India; Malaria, Falciparum; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Protozoan Proteins
PubMed: 31992330
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3090-6 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2024Surveillance for genetic markers of resistance can provide valuable information on the likely efficacy of antimalarials but needs to be targeted to ensure optimal use of...
Surveillance for genetic markers of resistance can provide valuable information on the likely efficacy of antimalarials but needs to be targeted to ensure optimal use of resources. We conducted a systematic search and review of publications in seven databases to compile resistance marker data from studies in India. The sample collection from the studies identified from this search was conducted between 1994 and 2020, and these studies were published between 1994 and 2022. In all, Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 (PfK13), P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase, and P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHPS) genotype data from 2,953, 4,148, and 4,222 blood samples from patients with laboratory-confirmed malaria, respectively, were extracted from these publications and uploaded onto the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network molecular surveyors. These data were fed into hierarchical geostatistical models to produce maps with a predicted prevalence of the PfK13 and PfDHPS markers, and of the associated uncertainty. Zones with a predicted PfDHPS 540E prevalence of >15% were identified in central, eastern, and northeastern India. The predicted prevalence of PfK13 mutants was nonzero at only a few locations, but were within or adjacent to the zones with >15% prevalence of PfDHPS 540E. There may be a greater probability of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine failures in these regions, but these predictions need confirmation. This work can be applied in India and elsewhere to help identify the treatments most likely to be effective for malaria elimination.
Topics: Plasmodium falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; India; Drug Resistance; Antimalarials; Drug Combinations; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Artemisinins; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Genetic Markers; Dihydropteroate Synthase; Protozoan Proteins
PubMed: 38574550
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0631 -
Parasitology Oct 2022spp. are important pathogens with some species causing diarrhoea in humans and animals. Sheep are one of the most common potential hosts for various spp. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
spp. are important pathogens with some species causing diarrhoea in humans and animals. Sheep are one of the most common potential hosts for various spp. The prevalence of in sheep globally was evaluated from published information including molecular data via meta-analysis. In total, 126 datasets from 41 countries were included for final quantitative analysis. Sheep aged <3 months had a significantly higher prevalence (27.8%; 3284/11 938) than those at the age of 3–12 and >12 months. The prevalence of in sheep with diarrhoea of 35.4% (844/1915) was higher than in sheep that did not show diarrhoea (11.3%; 176/1691). Fourteen species/genotypes were detected in sheep globally. The proportion of subgenotype family XIIa of was 90.0% (216/240); the proportions of subgenotypes IIdA20G1 and IIaA15G2R1 of were 15.4% (62/402) and 19.7% (79/402). The results indicate that is the dominant species in Europe while is the dominant species in Oceania, Asia and Africa and is the dominant species in North America and South America. Subgenotype family IIa of is particularly widespread among sheep worldwide. The results highlight the role of sheep as a reservoir host for zoonotic cryptosporidia and the need for further study of prevalence, transmission and control of this pathogen in sheep.
Topics: Humans; Sheep; Animals; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Prevalence; Sheep Diseases; Genotype; Diarrhea; Feces
PubMed: 36073170
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022001196