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Cancer Metastasis Reviews Mar 2022Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in this pathology remains poorly clarified. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the RTK superfamily in the context of neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
METHODS
Statistical correlations for all RTK family members' expression to neuroblastoma patient survival across 10 independent patient cohorts were annotated, synthesized, and ranked using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. Gene expression of selected members across different cancer cell lines was further analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, part of the Cancer Dependency Map portal (depmap portal ( http://depmap.org )). Finally, we provide a detailed literature review for highly ranked candidates.
RESULTS
Our analysis defined two subsets of RTKs showing robust associations with either better or worse survival, constituting potential novel players in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. We review the available literature regarding the oncogenic functions of these RTKs, their roles in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, and potential utility as therapeutic targets.
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic analysis and review of the RTK superfamily in neuroblastoma pathogenesis provides a new resource to guide the research community towards focused efforts investigating signaling pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma tumor establishment, growth, and/or aggressiveness and targeting these druggable molecules in novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Child; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34716856
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10001-7 -
Neurosurgical Review Sep 2023Cingulate gyrus gliomas are rare among adult, hemispheric diffuse gliomas. Surgical reports are scarce. We performed a systematic review of the literature and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Cingulate gyrus gliomas are rare among adult, hemispheric diffuse gliomas. Surgical reports are scarce. We performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, with the aim of focusing on the extent of resection (EOR), WHO grade, and morbidity and mortality, after microsurgical resection of gliomas of the cingulate gyrus. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we reviewed articles published between January 1996 and December 2022 and referenced in PubMed or Embase. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed clinical studies of microsurgical series reporting resection of gliomas of the cingulate gyrus. Primary outcome was EOR, classified as gross total (GTR) versus subtotal (STR) resection. Five studies reporting 295 patients were included. Overall GTR was 79.4% (range 64.1-94.7; I= 88.13; p heterogeneity and p < 0.001), while STR was done in 20.6% (range 5.3-35.9; I= 88.13; p heterogeneity < 0.001 and p= 0.008). The most common WHO grade was II, with an overall rate of 42.7% (24-61.5; I= 90.9; p heterogeneity, p< 0.001). Postoperative SMA syndrome was seen in 18.6% of patients (10.4-26.8; I2= 70.8; p heterogeneity= 0.008, p< 0.001), postoperative motor deficit in 11% (3.9-18; I= 18; p heterogeneity= 0.003, p= 0.002). This review found that while a GTR was achieved in a high number of patients with a cingulate glioma, nearly half of such patients have a postoperative deficit. This finding calls for a cautious approach in recommending and doing surgery for patients with cingulate gliomas and for consideration of new surgical and management approaches.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Gyrus Cinguli; Glioma; Postoperative Period; Syndrome
PubMed: 37656287
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02127-9 -
Brain and Behavior Oct 2020We aim to review the literature to collate and describe features of encephalitides arising from autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), gamma... (Review)
Review
AIM
We aim to review the literature to collate and describe features of encephalitides arising from autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), gamma aminobutyric acid receptor (GABABR), and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) in Asian populations and compare them with findings of Western studies.
METHODS
Peer-reviewed articles published till 24 May 2020 were searched, and original, full-text studies from Asia with serum/CSF antibody-based diagnosis and at least 2 patients were selected. Twenty-four studies with 263 patients (139 anti-LGI1, 114 anti-GAGABR, and 10 anti-CASPR2) were included. Data were pooled to produce descriptive information on demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome.
RESULTS
The mean age was 54.2 (anti-LGI1), 55.2 (anti-GABABR), and 47.7 years (anti-CASPR2), with an overall male predominance of 62.0%. Commonest clinical features across all types were seizures (87.5%), memory deficits (80.7%), psychiatric disturbances (75.9%), and altered consciousness (52.9%). Four anti-LGI1, 40 anti-GABABR, and 1 anti-CASPR2 patients had tumors. CSF, MRI, and EEG were abnormal in 33.3%, 54.1%, and 75% patients in anti-LGI1; 60.0%, 49.6%, and 85.7% in anti-GABABR; and 50%, 44.4%, and 100% in anti-CASPR2 patients, respectively. 95.6% patients received first-line therapy alone (steroids/IVIG/Plasma therapy), and 4.4% received second-line therapy (rituximab/cyclophosphamide). 91.7%, 63.6%, and 70% of patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Score 0-2) with mortality rates at 2.5%, 23.2%, and 0% in the three types, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that these disorders present in Asian patients at a relatively young age often with features of seizures, memory deficits, and psychiatric disturbances and usually demonstrate a favorable clinical outcome.
Topics: Asia; Glioma; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leucine; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, GABA
PubMed: 32783406
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1793 -
Neurology India 2022Seizures often herald the clinical appearance of glioma. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent that has been used to treat glioma. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Seizures often herald the clinical appearance of glioma. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent that has been used to treat glioma.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review to determine seizure outcomes in glioma patients treated with TMZ.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
We searched EMBASE and PubMed databases (January 1, 2003-August 26, 2021) by using search terms closely related to glioma, seizure, and temozolomide. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened and selected using previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research team members reviewed potential articles and reached a consensus on the final articles to be included.
RESULTS
Nine studies containing data from three continents met our inclusion criteria. From several descriptive studies on low-grade gliomas (LGGs), the percentage of patients with partial seizure control after TMZ treatment ranged from 29% to 89.7%, and the percentage of patients with complete seizure control after TMZ ranged from 19.4% to 72%. In a retrospective cohort study of patients with LGGs, there was a marked difference in decreased seizure frequency between patients receiving TMZ and those who did not receive TMZ. In a randomized trial, TMZ seemed to have little effect on seizure control in elderly patients with glioblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
At present, there are few high-quality and well-designed clinical studies on TMZ for gliomas-related seizures. In terms of the literature included in this review, TMZ has an inhibitory effect on epilepsy. More randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the clinical benefits of TMZ in the treatment of gliomas-related seizures.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Temozolomide
PubMed: 35864610
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.349588 -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2020We investigated the association between the consumption of fresh and processed fish and glioma risk using a meta-analysis approach. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the association between the consumption of fresh and processed fish and glioma risk using a meta-analysis approach.
METHODS
We selected and analyzed observational studies that discussed the relationships between fresh and processed fish intake on glioma risk from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the SinoMed and Wanfang databases from inception to 31 March 2020. Studies were selected according to pre-established eligibility criteria and data were extracted separately by two researchers. A meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effects model to provide pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Eight studies considered the relationship between fish intake (seven fresh and seven processed fish) and glioma risk and were included in this meta-analysis. The OR effect size for fresh fish intake and glioma risk was 0.72 (95%CI 0.53-0.97) and the overall OR effect size for processed fish intake and glioma risk was 1.88 (95%CI 1.06-3.34).
CONCLUSION
Dietary intake of fresh fish may reduce the risk of glioma, but consumption of processed fish may increase the risk of glioma. This study had some limitations, and further studies are therefore required to clarify the associations between fish intake and glioma risk.
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Glioma; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32840400
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520939695 -
Quality of Life Research : An... Mar 2023Low-grade glioma (LGG) patients may face health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impairments, due to the tumour, treatment and associated side-effects and prospects of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Low-grade glioma (LGG) patients may face health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impairments, due to the tumour, treatment and associated side-effects and prospects of progression. We systematically identified quantitative studies assessing HRQoL in adult LGG patients, for: aspects of HRQoL impacted; comparisons with non-cancer controls (NCC) and other groups; temporal trends; and factors associated with HRQoL.
METHODS
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception to 14th September 2021. Following independent screening of titles and abstracts and full-texts, population and study characteristics, and HRQoL findings were abstracted from eligible papers, and quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was conducted.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine papers reporting 22 studies (cross-sectional, n = 13; longitudinal, n = 9) were identified. Papers were largely good quality, though many excluded patients with cognitive and communication impairments. Comparators included high-grade gliomas (HGG) (n = 7); NCCs (n = 6) and other patient groups (n = 3). Nineteen factors, primarily treatment (n = 8), were examined for association with HRQoL. There was substantial heterogeneity in HRQoL instruments used, factors and aspects of HRQoL assessed and measurement timepoints. HRQoL, primarily cognitive functioning and fatigue, in adult LGG patients is poor, and worse than in NCCs, though better than in HGG patients. Over time, HRQoL remained low, but stable. Epilepsy/seizure burden was most consistently associated with worse HRQoL.
CONCLUSION
LGG patients experience wide-ranging HRQoL impairments. HRQoL in those with cognitive and communication impairments requires further investigation. These findings may help clinicians recognise current supportive care needs and inform types and timings of support needed, as well as inform future interventions.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Glioma; Cognition; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 35931881
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03207-x -
Neurosurgical Review Jul 2023Independently, both 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) have been shown to improve outcomes with high-grade gliomas (HGG). The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Resection of the contrast-enhancing tumor in diffuse gliomas bordering eloquent areas using electrophysiology and 5-ALA fluorescence: evaluation of resection rates and neurological outcome-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Independently, both 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) have been shown to improve outcomes with high-grade gliomas (HGG). The interplay and overlap of both techniques are scarcely reported in the literature. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the concomitant use of 5-ALA and intraoperative mapping for HGG located within eloquent cortex. Using PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed articles published between May 2006 and December 2022 for patients with HGG in eloquent cortex who underwent microsurgical resection using intraoperative mapping and 5-ALA fluorescence guidance. Extent of resection was the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was new neurological deficit at day 1 after surgery and persistent at day 90 after surgery. Overall rate of complete resection of the enhancing tumor (CRET) was 73.3% (range: 61.9-84.8%, p < .001). Complete 5-ALA resection was performed in 62.4% (range: 28.1-96.7%, p < .001). Surgery was stopped due to mapping findings in 20.5% (range: 15.6-25.4%, p < .001). Neurological decline at day 1 after surgery was 29.2% (range: 9.8-48.5%, p = 0.003). Persistent neurological decline at day 90 after surgery was 4.6% (range: 0.4-8.7%, p = 0.03). Maximal safe resection guided by IONM and 5-ALA for high-grade gliomas in eloquent areas is achievable in a high percentage of cases (73.3% CRET and 62.4% complete 5-ALA resection). Persistent neurological decline at postoperative day 90 is as low as 4.6%. A balance between 5-ALA and IONM should be maintained for a better quality of life while maximizing oncological control.
Topics: Humans; Aminolevulinic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Fluorescence; Quality of Life; Glioma; Electrophysiology
PubMed: 37498398
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02064-7 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Aug 2022Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignant tumor, and half of it is glioblastoma. Despite receiving the standard treatment, the prognosis of glioblastoma...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignant tumor, and half of it is glioblastoma. Despite receiving the standard treatment, the prognosis of glioblastoma is still poor and its 5-year survival rate in China is only 9%. In addition, new targeted and immunotherapy therapy and tumor treating fields also have certain curative effects on glioblastoma. To help clinicians and patients make appropriate treatment based on current evidences, we summarize the Chinese guidelines on the management of glioma and review the recent management of glioblastoma.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases to retrieve guidelines on glioma in China published from the establishment of the database to 24 January 2022. We performed a narrative review of current clinical study related to the management of glioblastoma, especially in the surgical, targeted and immunotherapy therapy and tumor treating fields.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS
In this review, 19 guidelines were included, including 8 subclassified as the guideline, 8 subclassified as the consensus and 3 subclassified as the standard. Two guidelines reported the contents of the system search, 4 guidelines are updated, and 9 guidelines reported the source of funding. At present, most clinical trials on the immune and targeted therapy of glioblastoma are ongoing in China.
CONCLUSIONS
China's guidelines still need to be improved in terms of preciseness, applicability and editorial independence. In addition, the cooperation in clinical research of glioblastoma in multiple centers needs to be strengthened in China.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; China; Databases, Factual; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans
PubMed: 36098100
DOI: 10.21037/cco-22-18 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Jun 2022The following questions and recommendations are pertinent to the following: TARGET POPULATION: These recommendations apply to adults with progressive GBM who have...
Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma.
UNLABELLED
The following questions and recommendations are pertinent to the following: TARGET POPULATION: These recommendations apply to adults with progressive GBM who have undergone standard primary treatment with surgery and/or chemoradiation. QUESTION 1: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of bevacizumab as monotherapy superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
Level III: Treatment with bevacizumab is suggested in the treatment of progressive GBM, as it provides improved disease control compared to historical controls as measured by best imaging response and progression free survival at 6 months, while not providing evidence for improvement in overall survival. QUESTION 2: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of bevacizumab as combination therapy with cytotoxic agents superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
Level III: There is insufficient evidence to show benefit or harm of bevacizumab in combination with cytotoxic therapies in progressive glioblastoma due to a lack of evidence supporting a clearly defined benefit without significant toxicity. QUESTION 3: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of bevacizumab as a combination therapy with targeted agents superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question. QUESTION 4: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of targeted agents as monotherapy superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question. QUESTION 5: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of targeted agents in combination with cytotoxic therapies superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question. QUESTION 6: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of immunotherapy monotherapy superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question. QUESTION 7: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of immunotherapy in combination with targeted agents superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question. QUESTION 8: In adults with progressive glioblastoma is the use of immunotherapy in combination with bevacizumab superior to standard salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy as measured by progression free survival and overall survival?
RECOMMENDATION
There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation regarding this question.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neurosurgeons; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 34694567
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03876-7 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Nov 2022Grading and classification of IDH-mutant astrocytomas has shifted from solely histology towards histology combined with molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Grading and classification of IDH-mutant astrocytomas has shifted from solely histology towards histology combined with molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review, we give an overview of all currently known clinically relevant molecular markers within IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in five electronic databases for English original papers on patient outcome with respect to a molecular marker as determined by DNA/RNA sequencing, micro-arrays, or DNA methylation profiling in IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4. Papers were included if molecular diagnostics were performed on tumour tissue of at least 15 IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients, and if the investigated molecular markers were not limited to the diagnostic markers MGMT, ATRX, TERT, and/or TP53.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 4508 unique articles, published between August 2012 and December 2021, of which ultimately 44 articles were included. Numerous molecular markers from these papers were significantly correlated to patient outcome. The associations between patient outcome and non-canonical IDH mutations, PI3K mutations, high expression of MSH2, high expression of RAD18, homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B, amplification of PDGFRA, copy number neutral loss of chromosomal arm 17p, loss of chromosomal arm 19q, the G-CIMP-low DNA methylation cluster, high total CNV, and high tumour mutation burden were confirmed in multiple studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple genetic and epigenetic markers are associated with survival in IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients. Commonly affected are the RB signalling pathway, the RTK-PI3K-mTOR signalling pathway, genomic stability markers, and (epigenetic) gene regulation.
Topics: Astrocytoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Homozygote; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma, Follicular; MutS Homolog 2 Protein; Mutation; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Sequence Deletion; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 36152406
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.016