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Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Apr 2022To conduct indirect treatment comparisons between risdiplam and other approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Individual patient data from risdiplam... (Review)
Review
To conduct indirect treatment comparisons between risdiplam and other approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Individual patient data from risdiplam trials were compared with aggregated data from published studies of nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec, accounting for heterogeneity across studies. In Type 1 SMA, studies of risdiplam and nusinersen included similar populations. Indirect comparison results found improved survival and motor function with risdiplam versus nusinersen. Comparison with onasemnogene abeparvovec in Type 1 SMA and with nusinersen in Types 2/3 SMA was challenging due to substantial differences in study populations; no concrete conclusions could be drawn from the indirect comparison analyses. Indirect comparisons support risdiplam as a superior alternative to nusinersen in Type 1 SMA.
Topics: Azo Compounds; Humans; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal; Pyrimidines; Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood
PubMed: 35040693
DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0216 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Sep 2022This systematic review was undertaken to answer the research question: "In children with primary cataracts, what are the outcomes (posterior continuous curvilinear... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review was undertaken to answer the research question: "In children with primary cataracts, what are the outcomes (posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis + posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation) of surgery when performed with and without trypan blue staining of the posterior lens capsule?"
METHODS
An electronic search in six biomedical databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that compared trypan blue with no stain during surgery in children 0-16 years with primary cataracts. Titles and abstracts of studies published between 1946 and 2021 in English language were screened. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment and synthesis of findings were done by two independent reviewers, while conflicts were discussed and resolved with a third.
RESULTS
A total of 115 of 153 articles were screened after de-duplication. Of these, 113 were excluded while 2 randomised controlled trials involving 56 eyes of 42 participants were included in the review. The risk of bias was similar across all domains in both. Staining of the capsule led to complete posterior capsulorhexis and optimal placement of the implant in >90% of study eyes, while the control arms had 65%-80% for both outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Use of trypan blue in paediatric cataract surgery probably leads to better outcomes, but more well-conducted randomised controlled trials on this important topic are needed.
Topics: Capsulorhexis; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Coloring Agents; Humans; Lens Capsule, Crystalline; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trypan Blue
PubMed: 35859347
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13801 -
Environment International Jun 2023Azo dyes are used in textiles and leather clothing. Human exposure can occur from wearing textiles containing azo dyes. Since the body's enzymes and microbiome can...
BACKGROUND
Azo dyes are used in textiles and leather clothing. Human exposure can occur from wearing textiles containing azo dyes. Since the body's enzymes and microbiome can cleave azo dyes, potentially resulting in mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites, there is also an indirect health concern on the parent compounds. While several hazardous azo dyes are banned, many more are still in use that have not been evaluated systematically for potential health concerns. This systematic evidence map (SEM) aims to compile and categorize the available toxicological evidence on the potential human health risks of a set of 30 market-relevant azo dyes.
METHODS
Peer-reviewed and gray literature was searched and over 20,000 studies were identified. These were filtered using Sciome Workbench for Interactive computer-Facilitated Text-mining (SWIFT) Review software with evidence stream tags (human, animal, in vitro) yielding 12,800 unique records. SWIFT Active (a machine-learning software) further facilitated title/abstract screening. DistillerSR software was used for additional title/abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction.
RESULTS
187 studies were identified that met populations, exposures, comparators, and outcomes (PECO) criteria. From this pool, 54 human, 78 animal, and 61 genotoxicity studies were extracted into a literature inventory. Toxicological evidence was abundant for three azo dyes (also used as food additives) and sparse for five of the remaining 27 compounds. Complementary search in ECHA's REACH database for summaries of unpublished study reports revealed evidence for all 30 dyes. The question arose of how this information can be fed into an SEM process. Proper identification of prioritized dyes from various databases (including U.S. EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) turned out to be a challenge. Evidence compiled by this SEM project can be evaluated for subsequent use in problem formulation efforts to inform potential regulatory needs and prepare for a more efficient and targeted evaluation in the future for human health assessments.
Topics: Humans; Azo Compounds; Carcinogens; Coloring Agents; Mutagens; Textiles; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 37224677
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107952