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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2022Sporotrichosis is a cosmopolitan subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix species. Recently, this mycosis has gained notoriety due to the appearance of new endemic... (Review)
Review
Sporotrichosis is a cosmopolitan subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix species. Recently, this mycosis has gained notoriety due to the appearance of new endemic areas, recognition of new pathogenic species, changes in epidemiology, occurrence of outbreaks, and increasing numbers of cases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the peculiarities of sporotrichosis cases in Brazil since its first report in the country until 2020. In this work, ecological, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratorial characteristics were compiled. A systematic review of human sporotrichosis diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2020 was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases. Furthermore, animal sporotrichosis and environmental isolation of Sporothrix spp. in Brazil were also evaluated. The study included 230 papers, resulting in 10,400 human patients. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 92 years old and 55.98% were female. The lymphocutaneous form was predominant (56.14%), but systemic involvement was also notably reported (14.34%), especially in the lungs. Besides, hypersensitivity manifestations (4.55%) were described. Most patients had the diagnosis confirmed by isolation of Sporothrix spp., mainly from skin samples. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the major agent identified. HIV infection, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. Cure rate was 85.83%. Concerning animal sporotrichosis, 8538 cases were reported, mostly in cats (90.77%). Moreover, 13 Sporothrix spp. environmental strains were reported. This review highlights the burden of the emergent zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of "One Health" based actions to help controlling this disease.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cat Diseases; Cats; Disease Outbreaks; HIV Infections; Humans; Phylogeny; Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis
PubMed: 34825345
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00658-1 -
Drug Discovery Today Jan 2024Recalcitrant nail plate infections can be life-long problems because localizing antifungal agents into infected tissues is problematic. In this systematic review, guided... (Review)
Review
Recalcitrant nail plate infections can be life-long problems because localizing antifungal agents into infected tissues is problematic. In this systematic review, guided by the SPIDER method, we extracted chemical nail permeation data for 38 compounds from 16 articles, and analyzed the data using quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). Our analysis demonstrated that low-molecular weight was essential for effective nail penetration, with <120 g/mol being preferred. Interestingly, chemical polarity had little effect on nail penetration; therefore, small polar molecules, which effectively penetrate the nail, but not the skin, should be set as the most desirable target chemical property in new post-screen onychomycosis candidate selections.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Nails; Onychomycosis; Skin; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 38000719
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103844 -
BMC Health Services Research Dec 2021There are limited data in the literature on the indirect costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the pediatric population. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
There are limited data in the literature on the indirect costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the pediatric population. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the indirect costs associated with SSTIs in children.
METHODS
The search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to January 2020. Thirteen search strategies were designed combining MeSH terms and free terms. SSTIs were defined as bacterial or viral infections, dermatomycoses, and parasitic infestations. Only primary studies were included. All analyzed costs were converted to 2020 Euros.
RESULTS
Thirteen of the identified publications presented indirect costs of SSTIs in children and were conducted in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Hungary, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Taiwan, and the USA. Nine studies described indirect costs associated with infection of Varicella-zoster virus: lost workdays by outpatient caregivers ranged from 0.27 to 7.8, and up to 6.14 if caring for inpatients; total productivity losses ranged from €1.16 to €257.46 per patient. Three studies reported indirect costs associated with acute bacterial SSTIs (community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in children: total productivity losses ranged from €1,814.39 to €8,224.06 per patient, based on impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. One study of parasitic infestations (Pediculus humanus capitis) reported total indirect costs per patient of €68.57 (formal care) plus €21.41 due to time lost by parents in purchasing treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The economic burden of SSTIs is highly relevant but underestimated due to the lack of studies reporting indirect costs. Further cost studies will allow a better understanding of the magnitude of the financial burden of the disease.
Topics: Child; Communicable Diseases; Costs and Cost Analysis; Efficiency; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 34895206
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07189-3 -
PloS One 2023Tinea capitis accounts for25 to 30% of all fungal infections, but it is often ignored because it is not life threatening in nature. It is more common among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis accounts for25 to 30% of all fungal infections, but it is often ignored because it is not life threatening in nature. It is more common among schoolchildren particularly in developing countries. Due to the presence of significant variability among the previous studies, this study was conducted to provide a pooled prevalence and associated factors of tinea capitis in Ethiopian schoolchildren.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic search in five major databases for articles similar to our topic. This review included school-based cross-sectional studies that were reported in English and conducted from 2006 through 2022. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and further analysis was done using StataTM Version 17.0 statistical software. Forest plots were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity with 95% confidence intervals. A random effects meta- analysis model was used to pool primary estimates. To declare the presence or absence of association, 95% confidence interval with odds ratio was used.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies with a total of 9465 schoolchildren were included. The pooled prevalence was 29.03% (95%CI: 15.37-42.71). There was observed heterogeneity, which could be explained by publication bias (P = 0.04). Family history of tinea capitis (OR: 9.18, 95%CI: 3.5-24.02), under the age of 10 years (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.17-2.33) were factors increasing the development of tinea capitis among schoolchildren and schoolchildren who had hair wash at least once a week (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.24-0.42) was significantly associated with reduced risk for tinea capitis.
CONCLUSION
One of the most prevalent childhood health condition in Ethiopia is tinea capitis, which affects over one in every four schoolchildren. Schoolchildren who had family history of tinea capitis and under the age of 10 years were the identified risk factors but they had hair wash at least once a week was the protective factor of tinea capitis among schoolchildren. Clinical and public engagement activities are needed to overcome the burden of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Child; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tinea Capitis; Prevalence; Schools
PubMed: 36763601
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280948 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungi of the genus sp. Phenotypic and genotypic differences have been associated with their geographic distribution,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungi of the genus sp. Phenotypic and genotypic differences have been associated with their geographic distribution, virulence, or clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. In the past decade, the interest in identifying species of the sp. has been increasing, due to its epidemiological importance and, in consequence, is important to know how to preserve them for future studies, in culture collection.
AIMS
The purposes of this study were to analyze the global distribution of environmental isolates and/or causal agents of sporotrichosis identified by polyphasic taxonomy, with mandatory use of molecular identification, and to evaluate the percentages and distribution of isolates stored in culture collections.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles on animal and human sporotrichosis and/or environmental isolation of the fungus, from 2007 to 2023, was done. Results: Our results demonstrated that, , , and were the most identified species. With respect to the deposit and maintenance of species, we observed that only 17% of the strains of sp. isolated in the world are preserved in a culture collection.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review confirmed a difficulty in obtaining the frequency of species stored in culture collection and insufficient data on the molecular identification mainly of animal sporotrichosis and isolation of sp. in environmental samples.
Topics: Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis; Animals; Humans; Environmental Microbiology; Preservation, Biological
PubMed: 38828263
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382508 -
Indian Journal of Public Health 2023The epidemiological and mycological patterns of superficial mycoses across various geographic regions of India across the last few years are changing.
BACKGROUND
The epidemiological and mycological patterns of superficial mycoses across various geographic regions of India across the last few years are changing.
OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological and mycological profile of superficial mycoses in India between 2015 and 2021.
METHODS
In this systematic review, the PubMed database was searched for all observational studies published between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021, which had evaluated the clinico-mycological profile of superficial mycoses among outpatients from various parts of India. Descriptive statistics was used to represent the results.
RESULTS
Forty studies (21 from the north, three from the northeast, five from the east, seven from the south, one from the west, and three from multiple regions of India) were included. Male patients and those of the age group of 21-40 years were most commonly affected. The proportion of dermatophytes as causative organisms was consistently high across all regions and throughout the study period (23.6%-100%). Among dermatophytes, the proportion of Trichophyton mentagrophyte (14.0%-97.2%) and Trichophyton rubrum (0%-69.1%) was consistently high across all regions. The prevalence of T. mentagrophyte showed a rising trend, while that T. rubrum showed a declining trend from 2015 to 2021.
CONCLUSIONS
The epidemiological and mycological pattern of superficial mycoses showed a fairly similar trend across various regions of India from 2015 to 2021. Dermatophytes were the main causative agents of superficial mycoses; the most common species were T. mentagrophyte and T. rubrum. A rising trend of T. Mentagrophyte infection was found.
Topics: Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adult; India; Dermatomycoses; Prevalence; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37039217
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_987_22 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi that take the form of muriform cells in the tissue. It mainly manifests as verrucous plaques on the...
BACKGROUND
Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi that take the form of muriform cells in the tissue. It mainly manifests as verrucous plaques on the lower limbs of rural workers in tropical countries.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic methods for the identification of chromoblastomycosis, considering the histopathological examination as the reference test.
METHODS
MEDLINE, LILACS and Scielo databases were consulted using the terms "chromoblastomycosis" AND "diagnosis". The eligibility criteria were: studies that evaluated the accuracy of tests for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis. Eleven studies were selected. Statistical analysis included the calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods.
RESULTS
Considering the histopathological examination as the reference test, the culture showed a sensitivity (S) of 37.5% - 90.9% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%; while direct mycological examination showed S = 50% - 91.6% and Sp of 100% . Considering the culture as the reference test, the serology (precipitation techniques) showed S of 36% - 99%; and Sp of 80% - 100%; while the intradermal test showed S of 83.3% - 100% and Sp of 99.4% - 100%.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The small number of studies and very discrepant sensitivity results among them do not allow the calculation of summary measures through a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Direct mycological examination, culture, intradermal test and serology show sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with no significant difference between the studies.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35643736
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.007 -
Revista de Neurologia Oct 2023Cladophialophora bantiana is a filamentous fungus, known as a dematiaceous fungus because of the presence of melanin. This fungus is of clinical importance because it is...
INTRODUCTION
Cladophialophora bantiana is a filamentous fungus, known as a dematiaceous fungus because of the presence of melanin. This fungus is of clinical importance because it is neurotropic and causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The available scientific information on the development of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was analysed by selecting articles from the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases that describe case reports of fungal infection by C. bantiana in adults, taking into account the analysis of the patients' symptomatology, clinical history and neuroanatomical damage, in addition to considering the mortality of the condition.
RESULTS
India and United States were the countries with most case reports, with 32 and 11 cases respectively. Moreover, in terms of neuroanatomical lesions, the majority of patients suffered mixed lesions (29%) and frontal lobe lesions (22%). In accordance with the patients' condition, the pathology has a mortality rate of 62%.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that cerebral phaeohyphomycosis has a high mortality rate, there is no standardised treatment and, in most cases, the fungal infection of the brain is mixed and affects several different parts of it. Furthermore, if not diagnosed and treated in time, it can lead to the patients' death.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Brain Abscess; Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis; Mycoses; Case Reports as Topic
PubMed: 37807883
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7708.2023145 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2021Mycetoma is an infrequent subcutaneous infection caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). We report the case of a 62-year-old man...
Mycetoma is an infrequent subcutaneous infection caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). We report the case of a 62-year-old man with eumycetoma involving the left foot and ankle. Skin biopsy revealed black-brown grains, and in culture, a white colony fungus grew at day 8. Molecular sequencing using ITS1-ITS4 primers identified the species as Aspergillus sydowii. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily and terbinafine 250 mg daily for 8 months, with complete response and no recurrence after 2.5 years of follow-up. Aspergillus sydowii is a saprotrophic fungus that rarely causes skin or nail disease. No cases of eumycetoma caused by this agent have been previously reported. As its geographic distribution continues to expand, it may increasingly be recognized as a cause of human disease.
Topics: Ankle; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Female; Foot; Humans; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Terbinafine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33399044
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1352