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PloS One 2023The use of dexmedetomidine rather than midazolam may improve ICU outcomes. We summarized the available recent evidence to further verify this conclusion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The use of dexmedetomidine rather than midazolam may improve ICU outcomes. We summarized the available recent evidence to further verify this conclusion.
METHODS
An electronic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted. Risk ratios (RR) were used for binary categorical variables, and for continuous variables, weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated, the effect sizes are expressed as 95% confidence intervals (CI), and trial sequential analysis was performed.
RESULTS
16 randomized controlled trials were enrolled 2035 patients in the study. Dexmedetomidine as opposed to midazolam achieved a shorter length of stay in ICU (MD = -2.25, 95%CI = -2.94, -1.57, p<0.0001), lower risk of delirium (RR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.50, 0.81, p = 0.0002), and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (MD = -0.83, 95%CI = -1.24, -0.43, p<0.0001). The association between dexmedetomidine and bradycardia was also found to be significant (RR 2.21, 95%CI 1.31, 3.73, p = 0.003). We found no difference in hypotension (RR = 1.44, 95%CI = 0.87, 2.38, P = 0.16), mortality (RR = 1.02, 95%CI = 0.83, 1.25, P = 0.87), neither in terms of adverse effects requiring intervention, hospital length of stay, or sedation effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined with recent evidence, compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine decreased the risk of delirium, mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the ICU, as well as reduced patient costs. But dexmedetomidine could not reduce mortality and increased the risk of bradycardia.
Topics: Humans; Midazolam; Dexmedetomidine; Respiration, Artificial; Bradycardia; Intensive Care Units; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Delirium
PubMed: 37963140
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294292 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Aug 2021In order to increase the sample size and improve the test efficiency from a statistical perspective, we conducted a combined analysis of multiple results from similar... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In order to increase the sample size and improve the test efficiency from a statistical perspective, we conducted a combined analysis of multiple results from similar studies. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine on patients after cardiac surgery, so as to provide theoretical basis and help for clinical treatment of cardiac diseases.
METHODS
The Boolean logic search method was employed to search online databases for publications, with "dexmedetomidine", "cardiac surgery", "competitive antagonist", and "analgesic sedation" used as keywords. In addition, the literature was screened for comparative studies on the use of midazolam and propofol as controls. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) of Cochrane Collaborative Network was used to evaluate the pathological control studies in Meta-analysis, and the star rating system (out of 9 stars) was used to measure the results from the subjects, cases and groups. Finally, a meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager software (Cochrane).
RESULTS
Thirteen references containing mostly low-risk biases (medium-high quality) were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed no statistically obvious heterogeneity in the mechanical ventilation time (MVT) between patients in the control group (group A) or patients in the experimental group (group B) (Chi2=74.71; I2=92%; P<0.00001), showing no statistical significance (Z=1.57; P=0.12). Heterogeneity was found as a complication in both groups (Chi2=14.82; I2=60%; P=0.02), but fewer complications were observed in group B (Z=2.06, P=0.04). The sedative effect displayed by patients from the 2 groups during the induction of anesthesia was statistically heterogeneous (Chi2=6.45; I2=38%; P=0.17), but the sedative effect in group B was shown to be greater (Z=3.31, P=0.0009).
CONCLUSIONS
Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the mechanical ventilation time and the incidence of complications in patients after cardiac surgery, and has a high safety and good sedative effect on patients.
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Midazolam; Propofol
PubMed: 34488382
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-1850 -
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology... 2021Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been associated with a decrease in postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in patients submitted to general anesthesia, whether... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in adults submitted to general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been associated with a decrease in postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in patients submitted to general anesthesia, whether inhalation or total intravenous anesthesia. Consequently, the DEX effects on postoperative agitation and delirium in patients submitted to general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery have been investigated.
METHOD
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and double-blind clinical trials (RCTs) was undertaken assessing adults submitted to elective procedures under general anesthesia receiving DEX or placebo. The search included articles published in English in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases using keywords such as dexmedetomidine, delirium, and agitation. Duplicate publications, studies involving cardiac surgery or using active control (other than saline solution) were included. A random effects model was adopted using the DerSimonian-Laird method and estimate of Odds Ratio (OR) for dichotomous variables, and weighted mean difference for continuous variables, with their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
Of the 484 articles identified, 15 were selected comprising 2,183 patients (1,079 and 1,104 patients in the DEX and control group, respectively). The administration of DEX was considered a protective factor for postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction (OR=0.36; 95% CI 0.23-0.57 and p<0.001), regardless of the anesthesia technique used.
CONCLUSION
Dexmedetomidine administration reduced by at least 43% the likelihood of postoperative cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in adult patients submitted to general anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cognition; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33685760
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.02.020 -
Brain and Behavior Aug 2023Elderly patients are prone to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The comparison of the effects of anesthetic adjuvant drugs on POCD in elderly patients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Elderly patients are prone to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The comparison of the effects of anesthetic adjuvant drugs on POCD in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery remains controversial.
METHODS
The final search took place on June 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials including ketamine, ulinastatin, dexmedetomidine, parecoxib, and midazolam on the prevention and treatment of POCD in elderly undergoing noncardiac surgery were collected. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively combine the evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 35 randomized trials were finally included in this systematic review, and the overall risk of bias is Allocation concealment. These anesthetic adjuvant drugs did not show significant differences in preventing POCD on postoperative days 1 and 7 compared with each other, but ulinastatin may be more effective in preventing POCD than dexmedetomidine [odds ratio (OR) = 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.10, 0.71)] and parecoxib [OR = 0.3, 95% CI = (0.10, 0.82 on postoperative day 3. The efficiency ranking results also find that ulinastatin and ketamine might provide better effects regarding POCD prevention.
CONCLUSIONS
Ketamine and ulinastatin might have better effects in preventing POCD in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Our meta-analysis provided evidence for the use of ulinastatin and ketamine in the prevention of POCD in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Postoperative Complications; Ketamine; Dexmedetomidine; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Bayes Theorem; Network Meta-Analysis; Anesthetics; Cognitive Dysfunction
PubMed: 37431799
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3149 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022Children that need surgery and medical examinations are often uncooperative, and preoperative sedation is necessary. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of...
BACKGROUND
Children that need surgery and medical examinations are often uncooperative, and preoperative sedation is necessary. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of inhaled nebulized dexmedetomidine in children for sedation that underwent medical examinations or surgery.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of science, Embase, and Cochrane library, for randomized controlled trials of Intranasal dexmedetomidine using a spray or a mucosal atomization device in children undergoing examination or elective surgery. We included all studies that analyzed the sedation efficiency of intranasal dexmedetomidine in children.
RESULTS
Ten studies with 1,233pediatric patients were included. Compared to other sedation treatments, inhaled nebulized dexmedetomidine showed similar sedation satisfaction [risk ratio RR: 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-1.18; = 0.83; I = 72%]. there was also no statistical difference in the success rate of separation from parents (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82-1.12; = 0.58; I = 67%), and mask acceptability (RR: 1; 95% CI: 0.83-1.20; = 0.99; I = 35%). But it is worth mentioning that nebulized dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine provided better sedation satisfaction (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49-0.96; I = 49%) and more satisfactory separation from parents (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.97; I = 0%). Moreover, nebulized dexmedetomidine reduced the occurrences of nausea and vomiting (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.15-0.51; < 0.01; I = 10%) and emergence agitation (RR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.18-0.49; < 0.01; I = 0%). There are no hypotension or arrhythmia reported that required intervention in all articles.
CONCLUSION
Compared to other premedication treatments, inhaled nebulized dexmedetomidine provided equivalent sedation satisfaction for the examination or preoperative sedation of children, but it reduced the occurrences of emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
PubMed: 35669400
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.865107 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Interscalene block (ISB) is widely regarded as the gold standard treatment for acute pain following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. However, a single injection of a local...
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to the ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
INTRODUCTION
Interscalene block (ISB) is widely regarded as the gold standard treatment for acute pain following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. However, a single injection of a local anesthetic for ISB may not offer sufficient analgesia. Various adjuvants have been demonstrated to prolong the analgesic duration of the block. Hence, this study aimed to assess the relative efficacy of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuncts to prolong the analgesic duration for a single- shot ISB.
METHODS
The efficacy of adjuvants was compared using a network meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted with a search deadline of March 1, 2023. Various adjuvant prevention randomized controlled trials have been conducted in patients undergoing interscalene brachial plexus block for shoulder arthroscopic surgery.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies enrolling a total of 2,194 patients reported duration of analgesia. Combined dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone (MD = 22.13, 95% CI 16.67, 27.58), dexamethasone administered perineurally (MD = 9.94, 95% CI 7.71, 12.17), high-dose intravenous dexamethasone (MD = 7.47, 95% CI 4.41, 10.53), dexmedetomidine administered perineurally (MD = 6.82, 95% CI 3.43, 10.20), and low-dose intravenous dexamethasone (MD = 6.72, 95% CI 3.74, 9.70) provided significantly longer analgesic effects compared with the control group.
DISCUSSION
The combination of intravenous dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine provided the greatest effect in terms of prolonged analgesia, reduced opioid doses, and lower pain scores. Furthermore, peripheral dexamethasone in prolonging the analgesic duration and lowering opioid usage was better than the other adjuvants when used a single medication. All therapies significantly prolonged the analgesic duration and reduced the opioid dose of a single-shot ISB in shoulder arthroscopy compared with the placebo.
PubMed: 37396910
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1159216 -
BMC Anesthesiology Mar 2023To assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative sleep quality using polysomnography (PSG) to identify possible interventions for postoperative sleep... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative sleep quality using polysomnography (PSG) to identify possible interventions for postoperative sleep disturbances.
METHODS
An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to November 20, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of DEX administration on postoperative sleep quality using PSG or its derivatives were included. No language restrictions were applied. The sleep efficiency index (SEI), arousal index (AI), percentages of stage N1, N2 and N3 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were measured in our meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Five studies, involving 381 participants were included. Administration of DEX significantly improved SEI, lowered AI, decreased the duration of stage N1 sleep and increased the duration of stage N2 sleep compared to placebo groups. There were no significant differences in the duration of stage N3 sleep and REM sleep. DEX administration lowered the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and improved the Ramsay sedation score with no adverse effect on postoperative delirium (POD). However, high heterogeneity was observed in most of the primary and secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides support for the perioperative administration of DEX to improve postoperative sleep quality. The optimal dosage and overall effect of DEX on postoperative sleep quality require further investigation using large-scale randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Humans; Dexmedetomidine; Sleep Quality; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Emergence Delirium
PubMed: 36944937
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02048-6 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Apr 2024The combination of ketamine with propofol and dexmedetomidine has gained popularity for sedation and general anesthesia in different populations. In our meta-nalysis, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The combination of ketamine with propofol and dexmedetomidine has gained popularity for sedation and general anesthesia in different populations. In our meta-nalysis, we helped the anesthesiologists to know the efficiency and the efficacy of both combinations in adult and pediatric patients.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to August 1, 2023. Our outcome parameters for efficacy were recovery time, pain score, and physician satisfaction while for safety were the related cardiorespiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal adverse events.
RECENT FINDINGS
Twenty-two trials were included with a total of 1429 patients. We found a significantly longer recovery time in the ketadex group of 7.59 min (95% CI, 4.92, 10.26; I = 94%) and a significantly less pain score of - 0.72 (95% CI, - 1.10, - 0.34; I = 0%). Adults had a significantly better physician satisfaction score with the ketofol group, odds ratio of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.12, 0.71; I = 0%). Recovery agitations were higher in the ketofol group with an odds ratio of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.24, 0.98; I = 36%). Furthermore, we found a significant difference between the combinations with a higher incidence in the ketadex group with pooled odds ratio of 1.75 (95% CI, 1.06, 2.88; I = 15%). Ketadex was associated with lower pain scores, hypoxic events and airway obstruction, and emergence agitation. At the same time, ketofol had much more clinician satisfaction which might be attributed to the shorter recovery time and lower incidence of nausea and vomiting. Therefore, we suppose that ketadex is the better combination in periprocedural sedation for both adult and pediatric patients who are not at greater risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Propofol; Dexmedetomidine; Ketamine; Anesthesia, General; Vomiting; Pain; Hypnotics and Sedatives
PubMed: 38214834
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01208-0 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the literature to explore the specific role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative sleep and its associated...
In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the literature to explore the specific role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative sleep and its associated mechanisms at present. The electronic database Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. The restriction terms included "dexmedetomidine", "sleep" and "surgery". The inclusion criteria were as following: 1) patients 18 years old or older; 2) DEX used in the perioperative period not just for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU); 3) prospective or retrospective studies. The review articles, conference abstracts, and animal studies were excluded. Out of the 22 articles which met the above criteria, 20 of them were randomized controlled studies and 2 of them were retrospective cohort studies. Infusion of DEX including during the surgery and after surgery at a low or high dose was shown to improve subjective and objective sleep quality, although 2 studies showed there is no evidence that the use of DEX improves sleep quality and 1 showed less sleep efficiency and shorter total sleep time in the DEX group. Other postoperative outcomes evaluated postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, postoperative delirium bradycardia and hypotension. Outcomes of our systematic review showed that DEX has advantages in improving patients' postoperative sleep quality. Combined with the use of general anesthetic, DEX provides a reliable choice for procedural sedation.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Sleep
PubMed: 34045850
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S304162 -
Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and... Dec 2022The leading cause of emergence delirium (ED) in children postoperatively is the exposure to inhalational anaesthetics. ED can occur immediately after waking from... (Review)
Review
The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in preventing emergence delirium in paediatric patients following ophthalmic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
The leading cause of emergence delirium (ED) in children postoperatively is the exposure to inhalational anaesthetics. ED can occur immediately after waking from anaesthesia, making patients generally uncooperative and agitated. Dexmedetomidine has sedative and analgesic effects and helps to reduce agitation and delirium and improve hemodynamic stability and the recovery of respiratory function; in addition to decreasing pain intensity, it is also well known for helping reduce nausea and vomiting.
OBJECTIVES
This updated systematic review meta-analysis investigate and summarise currently available evidence on the use of dexmedetomidine to prevent ED, reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and decrease the need for rescue analgesia in paediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
METHODS
The medical databases EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials published between January 2020 and August 2022 that used Dexmedetomidine in paediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022343622). The review was accomplished according to the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses', and the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.4. These studies examine the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in preventing ED in children undergo ophthalmic surgery. The Cochrane ROB-1 was used to assess risk of bias (ROB).
RESULTS
Eight studies comprised of 629 participants, of which 315 received dexmedetomidine and 314 placebos were examined. PAED score identified ED following surgery. A review and meta-analysis indicated that dexmedetomidine reduces ED incidence (RR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.25-0.62). Similarly, it reduces the use of rescue analgesia (RR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.25-0.57). However, dexmedetomidine did not help prevent PONV since no difference was found between groups (RR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.21-0.54).
CONCLUSION
This review showed that dexmedetomidine helped to reduce ED incidence in paediatric patients after ophthalmic surgery and reduced the need for rescue analgesia compared to placebo or other medications.
PubMed: 37386601
DOI: 10.1186/s44158-022-00079-y