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Cells Jul 2021Adipose tissue senescence is implicated as a major player in obesity- and ageing-related disorders. There is a growing body of research studying relevant mechanisms in...
Adipose tissue senescence is implicated as a major player in obesity- and ageing-related disorders. There is a growing body of research studying relevant mechanisms in age-related diseases, as well as the use of adipose-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine. The cell banking of tissue by utilising cryopreservation would allow for much greater flexibility of use. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the most commonly used cryopreservative agent but is toxic to cells. Trehalose is a sugar synthesised by lower organisms to withstand extreme cold and drought that has been trialled as a cryopreservative agent. To examine the efficacy of trehalose in the cryopreservation of human adipose tissue, we conducted a systematic review of studies that used trehalose for the cryopreservation of human adipose tissues and adipose-derived stem cells. Thirteen articles, including fourteen studies, were included in the final review. All seven studies that examined DMSO and trehalose showed that they could be combined effectively to cryopreserve adipocytes. Although studies that compared nonpermeable trehalose with DMSO found trehalose to be inferior, studies that devised methods to deliver nonpermeable trehalose into the cell found it comparable to DMSO. Trehalose is only comparable to DMSO when methods are devised to introduce it into the cell. There is some evidence to support using trehalose instead of using no cryopreservative agent.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Cell Differentiation; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Humans; Lipectomy; Permeability; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cells; Trehalose
PubMed: 34360005
DOI: 10.3390/cells10071837 -
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology :... 2020Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign, poorly understood disorder that is difficult to manage. Medical interventions such as sucralfate, sulfasalzine, human... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND/AIM
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign, poorly understood disorder that is difficult to manage. Medical interventions such as sucralfate, sulfasalzine, human fibrin, and a high fibre diet are reported as the first line of treatment. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of medical treatments for SRUS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for randomised clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies that evaluated medical treatments for SRUS. Two authors independently performed selection of eligible studies based on eligiblity criteria. Data extraction from potentially eligible studies was carried out according to predefined data collection methods. Medical treatments, including sucralfate, sulfasalzine, human fibrin, a high fibre diet, and psyllium powder as a single or combination therapy were compared to placebo alone or combined with other treatments. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ulcer remission; this was presented as pooled prevalence (PP) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The I value and Q statistic test were used to test for heterogeneity. In the presence of heterogeneity, a random-effects model was applied.
RESULTS
A total of 9 studies with 216 patients (males = 118, females = 98) diagnosed with SRUS were analysed in the final meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimate of treatment efficacy revealed that, of the patients receiving medical treatment, 57% had resolution of their ulcers (PP 0.57; 95% CI; 0.41 to 0.73). Statistically significant heterogeneity was observed (I = 63%; τ2 = 0.64, P= <0.01). The scarcity of RCTs comparing medical treatments with other interventions was a major limitation.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of patients receiving medical treatment for the management of SRUS experience resolution of their ulcers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cathartics; Child; Disease Management; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Placebos; Prevalence; Psyllium; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rectal Diseases; Sucralfate; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome; Ulcer; Young Adult
PubMed: 31898642
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.SJG_213_19 -
Nutrients Aug 2021The aim of this systematic review was to summarize concentrations of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the Chinese population. We searched articles originally... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize concentrations of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the Chinese population. We searched articles originally published in both Chinese and English. When compiling data, lactation was categorized into five stages. We found that 6'-sialyllactose, lacto--tetraose, and lacto--neotetraose decreased over lactation. Conversely, 3'-fucosyllactose increased over lactation. Our study represents the first systematic review to summarize HMO concentrations in Chinese population. Our findings not only provide data on HMO profiles in Chinese population but suggest future directions in the study of the metabolism of HMOs.
Topics: Breast Feeding; China; Female; Fucose; Humans; Lactation; Lactose; Milk, Human; Oligosaccharides; Sialic Acids
PubMed: 34578788
DOI: 10.3390/nu13092912 -
Translational Psychiatry Jan 2024The sucrose preference test is a popular test for anhedonia in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. Yet, the test does not always produce consistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Reliability of sucrose preference testing following short or no food and water deprivation-a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of rat models of chronic unpredictable stress.
The sucrose preference test is a popular test for anhedonia in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. Yet, the test does not always produce consistent results. Long food and water deprivation before the test, while often implemented, confounds the results by introducing unwanted drives in the form of hunger and thirst. We assessed the reliability of the test when only short or no fasting was used. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress that used no more than 6 h of food and/or water deprivation before the test. Sweet consumptions, for stressed and control/antidepressant-treated animals, in 132 studies were pooled using random effects models. We found a decrease in sweet consumption in stressed rats, compared to controls, that was halved when a non-caloric sweetener was used and significantly reduced when sucrose consumption was corrected for body weight. What is more, the length of food and water deprivation was found to confound the effect. The effect was reversed when the stressed rats were treated with antidepressants. Methodological strategies meant to control for recognized sources of bias when conducting the test were often missing, and so was a clear and complete report of essential study information. Our results indicate that not only is food and water deprivation before the test unnecessary, but not recommended. Even in absence of long fasting, we found evidence of an additional effect on sweet consumption that is unrelated to anhedonia. Without properly controlling for non-hedonic drivers of consumption, the test is unreliable as a proxy measure of anhedonia. Strengthening the methodological rigor and addressing the confounding effect of metabolic factors in the sucrose preference test prevents misleading conclusions that harm the translatability of the associated research and perpetuates the use of animals for little gain.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Anhedonia; Food; Reproducibility of Results; Stress, Psychological; Sucrose; Water Deprivation
PubMed: 38242881
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02742-0 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jan 2020There is controversy on the relevance of dietary sugar intake for cardiometabolic health. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There is controversy on the relevance of dietary sugar intake for cardiometabolic health.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess how isocaloric substitutions of dietary sugar with other carbohydrates affect cardiometabolic risk factors, comparing different intervention studies.
METHODS
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the isocaloric effect of substituting dietary sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) with other sugars or starch on cardiometabolic risk markers, including LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver fat content. To identify the most beneficial intervention for each outcome, random-effects NMA was conducted by calculating pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs, and by ranking the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis tool.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight RCTs, including 1383 participants, were identified. A reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentrations was shown for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: -0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.07 mmol/L) or fructose with starch (MD: -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.05 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 98%). FG concentrations were also lower for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: -0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.01 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 91%). Replacing fructose with an equivalent energy amount of glucose reduced HOMA-IR (MD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.02; SUCRAglucose: 74%) and uric acid (MD: -23.77 µmol/L; 95% CI: -44.21, -3.32 µmol/L; SUCRAglucose: 93%). The certainty of evidence was rated very low to moderate. No significant effects were observed for TG, HbA1c, CRP, ALT, and AST.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that substitution of sucrose and fructose with starch yielded lower LDL cholesterol. Insulin resistance and uric acid concentrations were beneficially affected by replacement of fructose with glucose. Our findings are limited by the very low to moderate certainty of evidence. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018080297.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Sugars; Fructose; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Starch; Sucrose; Triglycerides; Uric Acid
PubMed: 31711109
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz273 -
PloS One 2020Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most prevalent diseases in the world, affecting over 420 million people. The disease is marked by a poor metabolic effect of...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most prevalent diseases in the world, affecting over 420 million people. The disease is marked by a poor metabolic effect of insulin leading to chronic hyperglycaemia, which can result in microvascular complications. It is widely known that postprandial glycaemia is reliant on the total carbohydrate content of a meal. However, the importance of the amount and the source of these carbohydrates remains controversial due to mechanisms other than insulin secretion. Oxidative stress, inflammation, pyruvate production and the quality of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in plasma lipopolysaccharides and short-chain fatty acids production, play an important role in blood sugar control and consequently in type 2 diabetes. Thus, we systematically reviewed the preclinical evidences on the impact of the amount and type of carbohydrate found in different diets and its influence on blood glucose levels in diabetic animals. We used a comprehensive and structured search in biomedical databases Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science, recovering and analyzing 27 original studies. Results showed that sucrose-rich diets deteriorated diabetic condition in animal models regardless of the total dietary carbohydrate content. On the other hand, fiber, particularly resistant starch, improved blood glucose parameters through direct and indirect mechanisms, such as delayed gastric emptying and improved gut microbiota. All studies used rodents as animal models and male animals were preferred over females. Improvements in T2DM parameters in animal models were more closely related to the type of dietary carbohydrate than to its content on a diet, i. e., resistant starch seems to be the most beneficial source for maintaining normoglycemia. Results show that current literature is at high risk of bias due to neglecting experimental methods.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Sucrose; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Postprandial Period; Triglycerides
PubMed: 32530969
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233364 -
Nutrients Jul 2021We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the effect of a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols diet (LFD) on the overall symptoms, quality of life, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the effect of a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols diet (LFD) on the overall symptoms, quality of life, and stool habits of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects method. The effect size was presented as weighted standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the potential effects of covariates on the outcome. Twenty-two papers were included. The LFD group showed a moderate reduction in symptom severity and a slight improvement in quality of life compared to the control group (SMD, -0.53 and 0.24; 95% CI, -0.68, -0.38 and 0.02, 0.47, respectively). IBS symptom improvement was consistent between subgroups stratified according to proportions of female patients, study durations, IBS subtypes, assessment methods, and control interventions. Three studies regarding stool habits change in IBS-D patients showed a significant decrease in stool frequency (mean differences [MD], -5.56/week; 95% CI, -7.40, -3.72) and a significant improvement in stool consistency (MD, -0.86; 95% CI, -1.52, -0.19) in the LFD group compared to the control group. This is the most updated meta-analysis including studies that adopted diverse control interventions such as dietary interventions, supplementation, habitual diets, and lifestyle changes.
Topics: Diet Therapy; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Dietary Supplements; Disaccharides; Fermentation; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Polymers; Risk Reduction Behavior; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34371973
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072460 -
PloS One 2024This study aims to investigate the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression among patients with schizophrenia, to achieve early detection of depression in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression among patients with schizophrenia, to achieve early detection of depression in clinical practice.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive literature search was conducted globally, covering papers published from 1961 to June 2023. A total of 17 manuscripts were selected through meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis after examining available materials from seven databases to determine the correlation between depression and taste dysfunction.
RESULTS
The comparison of the 17 selected manuscripts revealed that individuals with gustatory dysfunction may be more likely to experience depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.93, p = 0.02). Depression is associated with taste dysfunction in certain aspects, as indicated by the pleasantness ratings of sucrose solutions (SMD, -0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.11 to 0.05, p = 0.08), gustatory identification ability (SMD, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.89, p = 0.04), and the perception threshold of sweet taste (MD, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.81, p < 0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
Due to variations in the methods, designs, and selection criteria employed in the included studies, it is necessary to establish a feasible framework. Future research using detailed and targeted approaches can provide clearer and more unified conclusions on the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression. Moreover, further high-quality research is needed to obtain clearer conclusions and explore the potential of taste dysfunction as an effective tool for early screening of depression.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This review has been registered in the PROSPERO on April 2022 with the identifier CRD42023400172.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Schizophrenia; Sucrose; Taste Disorders; Sensation
PubMed: 38517844
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300935 -
ESC Heart Failure Dec 2020Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been shown to improve functional capacity and quality of life in iron deficient heart failure patients. However, FCM's effect... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been shown to improve functional capacity and quality of life in iron deficient heart failure patients. However, FCM's effect on hospitalizations and mortality remains unclear as previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and their meta-analyses have been underpowered to detect significant differences. We sought to conduct an updated meta-analysis using recently published RCT data.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Online databases were searched from inception until November 2020 for RCTs evaluating the effects of FCM on clinical outcomes in iron-deficient heart failure patients. Outcomes of interest included heart failure hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect model and estimates were reported as odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios, or rate ratios (RRs) along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 1947 patients (n = 1062 in the FCM group; n = 885 in the placebo group) were included. FCM, compared with placebo, significantly reduced the risk of the composite endpoint of time to first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (hazard ratio = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63-0.90; I = 55%). FCM also significantly reduced the risk of recurrent heart failure hospitalizations (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.54-0.85; I = 71%) and recurrent cardiovascular hospitalizations (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.59-0.86; I = 56%). However, FCM had no significant effect on the risk of all-cause (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.73-1.28; I = 0%) or cardiovascular mortality (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.69-1.27; I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Ferric carboxymaltose reduces heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular hospitalizations with no beneficial effect on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in iron-deficient heart failure patients. These findings reinforce the role of FCM as a therapeutic option in heart failure patients.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Iron; Maltose
PubMed: 33586856
DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13146 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2019Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is typically a mild, self-limiting condition that can affect both preterm and term neonates, although it can be severe particularly when... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is typically a mild, self-limiting condition that can affect both preterm and term neonates, although it can be severe particularly when associated with co-morbidities. Pharmacological interventions with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), antacid, bismuth and sucralfate may have effects on both the prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants.
OBJECTIVES
To assess how different pharmacological interventions (PPIs, H2RAs, antacids, sucralfate or bismuth salts) administered to preterm and term neonates for the prevention or treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to reduce morbidity and mortality compare with placebo or no treatment, supportive care, or each other.
SEARCH METHODS
We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2018, Issue 6), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 12 July 2018), Embase (1980 to 12 July 2018), and CINAHL (1982 to 12 July 2018). We also searched clinical trial databases, conference proceedings, the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials, and online for Chinese literature articles.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We selected randomised, quasi-randomised and cluster-randomised trials involving preterm and term neonates. Trials were included if they used a proton pump inhibitor, H2 receptor antagonist, antacid, sucralfate or bismuth either for the prevention or treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. We conducted meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model. We used the GRADE approach to assess quality of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
Eleven studies with 818 infants met the criteria for inclusion in this review.Four trials with 329 infants assessed the use of an H2 receptor antagonist for prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high-risk newborn infants. Meta-analysis of these four trials identified a reduction in any upper gastrointestinal bleeding when using an H2 receptor antagonist (typical risk ratio (RR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.58; typical risk difference (RD) -0.20, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.11; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 5, 95% CI 4 to 9). The quality of evidence was moderate. A single trial with 53 infants assessing prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding reported no difference in mortality in infants assigned H2 receptor antagonist versus no treatment; however the quality of evidence was very low.Seven trials with 489 infants assessed an inhibitor of gastric acid (H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor) for treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants. Meta-analysis of two trials (131 infants) showed no difference in mortality from use of a H2 receptor antagonist compared to no treatment. The quality of evidence was low. Meta-analysis of two trials (104 infants) showed a reduction in duration of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from use of an inhibitor of gastric acid compared to no treatment (mean difference -1.06 days, 95% CI -1.28 to -0.84). The quality of evidence was very low. Meta-analysis of six trials (451 infants) showed a reduction in continued upper gastrointestinal bleeding from use of any inhibitor of gastric acid compared to no treatment (typical RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.49; typical RD -0.26, 95% CI -0.33, -0.19; NNTB 4, 95% CI 3 to 5). The quality of evidence was low. There were no significant subgroup differences in duration of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or of continued upper gastrointestinal bleeding according to type of inhibitor of gastric acid. A single trial (38 infants) reported no difference in anaemia requiring blood transfusion from use of a H2 receptor antagonist compared to no treatment.Although no serious adverse events were reported from the use of a H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor, some neonatal morbidities - including necrotising enterocolitis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of ventilation and respiratory support, and duration of hospital stay - were not reported. Long-term outcome was not reported.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is moderate-quality evidence that use of an H2 receptor antagonist reduces the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. There is low-quality evidence that use of an inhibitor of gastric acid (H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor) reduces the duration of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the incidence of continued gastric bleeding in newborn infants with gastrointestinal bleeding. However, there is no evidence that use of an inhibitor of gastric acid in newborn infants affects mortality or the need for blood transfusion. As no study reported the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis, ventilator- or hospital-associated pneumonia, sepsis, or long-term outcome, the safety of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion is unclear.
Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sucralfate
PubMed: 31265739
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011785.pub2