-
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Numerous studies have been published on alexithymia among athletes in the last decades. The objective, here, is to provide a critical review on alexithymia in sport and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have been published on alexithymia among athletes in the last decades. The objective, here, is to provide a critical review on alexithymia in sport and identify elements demonstrating that alexithymic athletes can attain a competitive advantage.
METHODS
The Center for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines were used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines served as the template for reporting the present systematic review. We searched PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and PsycINFO, without language or date restrictions.
RESULTS
Within 72 eligible studies, 23 articles fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the review. Alexithymia is associated with various pathologies and considered to be counter-performing. However, despite considerable suspicion of an advantageous performance effect of alexithymia, there is a lack of data to quantify this effect. Studies identified are heterogeneous (different scales of measurement of alexithymia used or outcomes, different sports), that do not allow us to conclude on an observed causal relationship, because the studies are mostly observational.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review opens a new search field on alexithymia, as possibly promoting performance.
PubMed: 35326989
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030511 -
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research... 2023In the midst of the COVID-19 crisis, it might be difficult to provide the most vulnerable people with access to essential services. The main objective of this article is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In the midst of the COVID-19 crisis, it might be difficult to provide the most vulnerable people with access to essential services. The main objective of this article is to lay the foundation for future solutions by collecting the results of previous published articles.
METHODS
This study used a systematic and integrated method that began by searching relevant literature in professional and generally published journal databases from March 2019- December 2021.
RESULTS
According to the results of the review, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on real and forecasted key macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, unemployment, inflation, poverty levels, and fiscal and monetary policy. In addition, this review reflects the sectorial effect of COVID-19 on health, factor productivity, domestic trade, exports, tourism, international aviation, remittances, the education sector, foreign direct investment, and the Ethiopian economy.
CONCLUSION
While appropriate social distance and personal protective equipment strategies exist in all types of markets across the country, the government should take precautions against the recurrence of Covid-19 by disseminating credible information. Finally, fiscal optimization should be seen as a broader intervention in the economy as a whole.
PubMed: 37492201
DOI: 10.2147/CEOR.S416625 -
Maedica Dec 2019Sexual dysfunction (SD) is an important issue for women suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a discrepancy among the reported prevalence of SD in studies...
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is an important issue for women suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a discrepancy among the reported prevalence of SD in studies that were conducted in different geographical regions. We aimed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate pooled prevalence of SD in women with MS. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid, Google Scholar and gray literature, including references of selected studies and conference abstracts that were published up to April 2019. The search strategy included MeSH and text words as (sexual function) OR (sexual dysfunction) AND (Multiple Sclerosis OR Sclerosis, Multiple) OR (Sclerosis, Disseminated) OR (Disseminated Sclerosis) OR (MS) (Multiple Sclerosis) OR (Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating) AND (Female Sexual Function Index OR FSFI). Two independent researchers independently assessed the articles. The literature search found 168 articles but only nine were considered for the final analysis. Two studies were from Greece, three from Iran, one from Turkey, one from Poland, one from Germany and one from Italy. In total, 1060 MS cases were analyzed. The prevalence of SD was extremely discrepant, from 27% to 95%, and the pooled estimate was calculated as 55% (95% CI 41%-69%), (I²=96.3%, P<00.1). Prevalence of SD is discrepant among women with MS in different countries and it should be considered as an important concern.
PubMed: 32153674
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2019.14.4.408 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and... (Review)
Review
Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and generates future psychological problems. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of dentofacial characteristics on the appearance of selfreported bullying through a literature review. A systematic search was carried out in the databases of international scientific literature on health sciences, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO. Up to October 10, 2020, a total of 348 articles were identified, but only 36 were ultimately selected for the review. Specific keywords in English were used in the search: "dentofacial features"; "soft tissue"; and "malocclusion". It was found that the appearance of bullying was associated with altered facial profiles, namely the presence of different classes of malocclusion, with class II or class III malocclusion being the most impactful. Altered dentofacial characteristics can make an individual the target of harassment, leading to low quality of life, emotional instability, low self-esteem, and the lack of confidence with regard to dentofacial appearance as well as poor long-term social and academic performance. There is a need to develop preventive measures that would be applied by both parents and authorities, with disseminating information on bullying in schools as well as on adequate oral hygiene and the importance of going to the dentist. Traditional and cybernetic bullying share similarities. While working out strategies against bullying, it is essential to raise awareness among victims and bullies, families, and society, and to determine how bullying is perceived by children and teenagers.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bullying; Malocclusion; Quality of Life; Schools; Self Report
PubMed: 36421048
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/138636 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Current knowledge creation and mobilization efforts are concentrated in academic institutions. A community-engaged knowledge hub (CEKH) has the potential for... (Review)
Review
Current knowledge creation and mobilization efforts are concentrated in academic institutions. A community-engaged knowledge hub (CEKH) has the potential for transdisciplinary and cross-sectorial collaboration between knowledge producers, mobilizers, and users to develop more relevant and effective research practices as well as to increase community capacity in terms of knowledge production. To summarize existing original research articles on knowledge hubs or platforms and to identify the benefits, challenges, and ways to address challenges when developing a CEKH. This study followed a systematic integrative review design. Following a comprehensive search of academic and grey literature databases, we screened 9030 unique articles using predetermined inclusion criteria and identified 20 studies for the final synthesis. We employed thematic analysis to summarize the results. The focus of the majority of these knowledge mobilization hubs was related to health and wellness. Knowledge hubs have a multitude of benefits for the key stakeholders including academics, communities, service providers, and policymakers, including improving dissemination processes, providing more effective community interventions, ensuring informed care, and creating policy assessment tools. Challenges in creating knowledge hubs are generally consistent for all stakeholders, rather than for individual stakeholders, and typically pertain to funding, resources, and conflicting perspectives. As such, strategies to address challenges are also emphasized and should be executed in unison. This study informs the development of a future CEKH through the identification of the benefits, challenges, and strategies to mitigate challenges when developing knowledge hubs. This study addresses a literature gap regarding the comparisons of knowledge hubs and stakeholder experiences.
Topics: Universities; Knowledge; Policy; Schools
PubMed: 36673915
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021160 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jan 2023During the COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic spread even more rapidly than the pandemic itself. The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been prevalent worldwide and hindered... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic spread even more rapidly than the pandemic itself. The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been prevalent worldwide and hindered pandemic exiting strategies. Misinformation around COVID-19 vaccines is a vital contributor to vaccine hesitancy. However, no evidence systematically summarized COVID-19 vaccine misinformation.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to synthesize the global evidence on misinformation related to COVID-19 vaccines, including its prevalence, features, influencing factors, impacts, and solutions for combating misinformation.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review by searching 5 peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO). We included original articles that investigated misinformation related to COVID-19 vaccines and were published in English from January 1, 2020, to August 18, 2022. We excluded publications that did not cover or focus on COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2), and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist were used to assess the study quality. The review was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021288929).
RESULTS
Of the 8864 studies identified, 91 observational studies and 11 interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. Misinformation around COVID-19 vaccines covered conspiracy, concerns on vaccine safety and efficacy, no need for vaccines, morality, liberty, and humor. Conspiracy and safety concerns were the most prevalent misinformation. There was a great variation in misinformation prevalence, noted among 2.5%-55.4% in the general population and 6.0%-96.7% in the antivaccine/vaccine hesitant groups from survey-based studies, and in 0.1%-41.3% on general online data and 0.5%-56% on antivaccine/vaccine hesitant data from internet-based studies. Younger age, lower education and economic status, right-wing and conservative ideology, and having psychological problems enhanced beliefs in misinformation. The content, format, and source of misinformation influenced its spread. A 5-step framework was proposed to address vaccine-related misinformation, including identifying misinformation, regulating producers and distributors, cutting production and distribution, supporting target audiences, and disseminating trustworthy information. The debunking messages/videos were found to be effective in several experimental studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review provides comprehensive and up-to-date evidence on COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and helps responses to vaccine infodemic in future pandemics.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021288929; https://tinyurl.com/2prejtfa.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Prevalence
PubMed: 36469911
DOI: 10.2196/40201 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Oct 2019The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts a systematic annual search of peer-reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine...
OBJECTIVES
The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts a systematic annual search of peer-reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most rigorously conducted and widely relevant research in global EM.
METHODS
An electronic search of PubMed, a comprehensive retrieval of articles from specific journals, and search of the gray literature were conducted. Title and abstracts retrieved by these searches were screened by a total of 22 reviewers based on their relevance to the field of global EM, across the domains of disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource-limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). All articles that were deemed relevant by at least one reviewer, their editor, and the managing editor underwent formal scoring of overall methodologic quality and importance to global EM. Two independent reviewers scored all articles; editors provided a third score in cases of widely discrepant scores.
RESULTS
A total of 19,102 articles were identified by the searches and, after screening and removal of duplicates, a total of 517 articles underwent full review. Twenty-five percent were categorized as DHR, 61% as ECRLS, and 15% as EMD. Inter-rater reliability testing between the reviewers revealed a Cohen's kappa score of 0.213 when considering the complete score or 0.426 when excluding the more subjective half of the score. A total of 25 articles scored higher than 17.5 of 20; these were selected for a full summary and critique.
CONCLUSIONS
In 2018, the total number of articles relevant to global EM that were identified by our search continued to increase. Studies and reviews focusing on pediatric infections, several new and traditionally underrepresented topics, and landscape reviews that may help guide clinical care in new settings represented the majority of top-scoring articles. A shortage of articles related to the development of EM as a specialty was identified.
Topics: Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Medicine; Global Health; Humans; Peer Review; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31313411
DOI: 10.1111/acem.13832 -
Implementation Science : IS Sep 2022The Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) was developed in 2008 as a contextually expanded version of the broadly used Reach, Adoption,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) was developed in 2008 as a contextually expanded version of the broadly used Reach, Adoption, Effectiveness, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. PRISM provides researchers a pragmatic and intuitive model to improve translation of research interventions into clinical and community practice. Since 2008, the use of PRISM increased across diverse topics, populations, and settings. This citation analysis and scoping systematic review aimed to assess the use of the PRISM framework and to make recommendations for future research.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) for the period of 2008 and September 2020. After exclusion, reverse citation searches and invitations to experts in the field were used to identify and obtain recommendations for additional articles not identified in the original search. Studies that integrated PRISM into their study design were selected for full abstraction. Unique research studies were abstracted for information on study characteristics (e.g., setting/population, design), PRISM contextual domains, and RE-AIM outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 180 articles were identified to include PRISM to some degree. Thirty-two articles representing 23 unique studies integrated PRISM within their study design. Study characteristics varied widely and included studies conducted in diverse contexts, but predominately in high-income countries and in clinical out-patient settings. With regards to use, 19 used PRISM for evaluation, 10 for planning/development, 10 for implementation, four for sustainment, and one for dissemination. There was substantial variation across studies in how and to what degree PRISM contextual domains and RE-AIM outcomes were operationalized and connected. Only two studies directly connected individual PRISM context domains with RE-AIM outcomes, and another four included RE-AIM outcomes without direct connection to PRISM domains.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review of the use of PRISM in various contexts. While there were low levels of 'integrated' use of PRISM and few reports on linkage to RE-AIM outcomes, most studies included important context domains of implementation and sustainability infrastructure and external environment. Recommendations are provided for more consistent and comprehensive use of and reporting on PRISM to inform both research and practice on contextual factors in implementation.
Topics: Humans; Research Design
PubMed: 36153628
DOI: 10.1186/s13012-022-01234-3 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2023The costs of developing new treatments and bringing them to the market are substantial. The pharmaceutical industry uses drug promotion to gain a competitive market... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The costs of developing new treatments and bringing them to the market are substantial. The pharmaceutical industry uses drug promotion to gain a competitive market share, and drive sale volumes and industry profitability. This involves disseminating information about new treatments to relevant targets. However, conflicts of interest can arise when profits are prioritised over patient care and its benefits. Drug promotion regulations are complex interventions that aim to prevent potential harm associated with these activities.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of policies that regulate drug promotion on drug utilisation, coverage or access, healthcare utilisation, patient outcomes, adverse events and costs.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched Epistemonikos for related reviews and their included studies. To find primary studies we searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, EconLit, Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, INRUD Bibliography, two trial registries and two sources of grey literature. All databases and sources were searched in January 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include studies that assessed policies regulating drug promotion to consumers, healthcare professionals or regulators and third-party payers, or any combination of these groups.In this review we defined policies as laws, rules, guidelines, codes of practice, and financial or administrative orders made by governments, non-government organisations or private insurers. One of the following outcomes had to be reported: drug utilisation, coverage or access, healthcare utilisation, patient health outcomes, any adverse effects (unintended consequences), and costs. The study had to be a randomised or non-randomised trial, an interrupted time series analysis (ITS), a repeated measures (RM) study or a controlled before-after (CBA) study.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
At least two review authors independently assessed eligibility for inclusion of studies. When consensus was not reached, any disagreements were discussed with a third review author. We planned to use the criteria suggested by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) to assess the risk of bias of included studies. For randomised trials, non-randomised trials, and CBA studies, we planned to estimate relative effects, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For dichotomous outcomes, we planned to report the risk ratio (RR) when possible and adjusted for baseline differences in the outcome measures. For ITS and RM, we planned to compute changes along two dimensions: change in level and change in slope. We planned to undertake a structured synthesis following EPOC guidance. MAIN RESULTS: The search yielded 4593 citations, and 13 studies were selected for full-text review. No study met the inclusion criteria.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We sought to assess the effects of policies that regulate drug promotion on drug use, coverage or access, use of health services, patient outcomes, adverse events, and costs, however we did not find studies that met the review's inclusion criteria. As pharmaceutical policies that regulate drug promotion have untested effects, their impact, as well as their positive and negative influences, is currently only a matter of opinion, debate, informal or descriptive reporting. There is an urgent need to assess the effects of pharmaceutical policies that regulate drug promotion using well-conducted studies with high methodological rigour.
Topics: Humans; Drug and Narcotic Control; Health Expenditures; Health Personnel; Health Services; Marketing
PubMed: 37288951
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013780.pub2 -
BMJ Open Jul 2022Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can be effectively managed using a pessary. A scoping review found that pessary self-management appears to benefit women with no increased... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can be effectively managed using a pessary. A scoping review found that pessary self-management appears to benefit women with no increased risk. Despite this, many are unwilling to self-manage their pessary. At present, there is a lack of understanding about what affects willingness to self-manage a pessary. However, there may be relevant, transferable findings from other literature about barriers to the self-management of other chronic conditions. Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the findings of published qualitative research exploring the barriers and facilitators to self-management of chronic conditions reported by women.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
The systematic review will be conducted and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a guide for the systematic review of qualitative data. A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsycInfo will be undertaken to identify relevant articles that meet the eligibility criteria using the search terms 'Women', 'Woman' 'Female,' 'Chronic', 'Long-term', 'Disease', 'Illness', 'Condition' 'Health,' 'Self-management,' 'Qualitative,' 'Barrier' and 'Facilitator'. A hand search of the reference list of non-original research identified during the search but excluded will be conducted for additional publications, which meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies published before 2005 and those not available in English will be excluded. Data relevant to the topic will be extracted and critical appraisal of all included publications undertaken.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
No ethical or Health Research Authority approval is required to undertake the systematic review. The systematic review findings will be disseminated by publication. The findings will also inform subsequent exploratory work regarding pessary self-management.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022327643.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Qualitative Research; Research Design; Self-Management
PubMed: 35858726
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061655