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Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine 2020World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and...
INTRODUCTION
World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information for healthcare workers. Accordingly, the present study was designed to review articles published on clinical manifestations and characteristics of children and infants with COVID-19.
METHODS
In this systematic review, medical databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Medline, WHO and LitCovid were searched using English and Persian keywords including COVID-19, Pediatrics, Newborn, Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2. Finally, data of 14 related articles were included in the study.
RESULTS
A total of 2228 children, newborns and infants were studied. Clinical manifestation in children may be mild (72%), moderate (22%) or severe (6%), and the most common symptoms include dry cough (91%) and fever (96%). According to the included articles, two children had died, one of which was a 14-year-old boy and his exposure history and underlying disease were unclear, and the other was a male newborn with gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days, birth weight of 2200, Apgar score of 8, 8 (1 min and 5 min) and his first symptom was increased heart rate. No differences were found between male and female children regarding infection with COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
Most pediatrics were infected with COVID-19 due to family cluster or history of close contact. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms compared to infected adults. We should pay special attention to early diagnosis and early treatment in children infected with COVID-19.
PubMed: 32440661
DOI: No ID Found -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Sep 2020At present, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global public health problem. The current meta-analysis aimed to find risk factors for the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
At present, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global public health problem. The current meta-analysis aimed to find risk factors for the COVID-19-related death, helping to enhance the efficacy and reduce the mortality of COVID-19.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, medRxiv, and Cochrane Library for articles published between January 1, 2020, and April 13, 2020. We statistically analyzed the risk factors of the COVID-19 deceased with meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 2401 patients in 15 articles were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that 66.6% of COVID-19 deceased were male, with a median age of 69.9 years. Common symptoms of deceased included fever (70.6-100%), dyspnea (38.89-85.7%), cough (22.4-78%), and fatigue (22-61.9%). The incidence of hypertension, chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic cerebrovascular disease among the COVID-19 deceased were 38.56% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25.84 ~ 52.12%), 17.54% (95% CI 13.38 ~ 21.69%), 22.2% (95% CI 19.30 ~ 25.10%), and 15.58% (95% CI 10.05 ~ 21.12%), respectively. Compared with the surviving COVID-19 patients, the deceased had lower platelet levels (mean difference (MD) = - 39.35, 95% CI - 55.78 ~ - 22.93) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD = 80.85, 95% CI 62.53 ~ 99.18) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (MD = 246.65, 95% CI 157.43 ~ 335.88) at admission. The most common complications of the deceased were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 100.36, 95% CI 64.44 ~ 156.32) and shock (OR = 96.60, 95% CI 23.80 ~ 392.14).
CONCLUSION
Most of the COVID-19 deceased were elderly males. Fever, dyspnea, dry cough, fatigue, hypertension, chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and laboratory examinations showed low levels of platelet content, increased CRP and LDH were associated with the risk of dying. ARDS and shock were risk factors for death in COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Aged; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mortality; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Sex Factors; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 32734576
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01664-3 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Background: Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the most-prescribed medications in the world, the extent to which they increase the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Background: Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the most-prescribed medications in the world, the extent to which they increase the risk of adverse effects remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically determine the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors versus placebo across a wide range of therapeutic settings. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing an ACE inhibitor to a placebo were retrieved. The relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized as a summary effect measure. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled-effect estimates. Results: A total of 378 RCTs fulfilled the eligibility criteria, with 257 RCTs included in the meta-analysis. Compared with a placebo, ACE inhibitors were associated with an significantly increased risk of dry cough (RR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.20 to 3.20, p < 0.001), hypotension (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.66 to 2.35, p < 0.001), dizziness (RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.70, p < 0.001), and hyperkalemia (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.52, p = 0.037). The risk difference was quantified to be 0.037, 0.030, 0.017, and 0.009, respectively. Conclusions: We quantified the relative risk of numerous adverse events associated with the use of ACE inhibitors in a variety of demographics. This information can help healthcare providers be fully informed about any potential adverse consequences and make appropriate suggestions for their patients requiring ACE inhibitor therapy.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Hypotension; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35886227
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148373 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022Symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, and respiratory distress, are commonly described in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2...
Symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, and respiratory distress, are commonly described in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, a growing number of cases pertained to persistent hiccups have been reported by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The aim of this systematic review was to screen the current literature and provide a summary of the reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients presenting with persistent hiccups. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until October 2021. Case reports or case series that provided a separate clinical description for patients with presenting complaints of persistent hiccups before or after COVID-19 diagnosis were retrieved. The critical appraisal checklist for case reports provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was employed to evaluate the overall quality of the eligible studies. We identified 13 eligible studies that included 16 hospitalized COVID-19 patients who complained of persistent hiccups. The mean duration of hiccups was 4.6 days reported in 88% (14/16) patients. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity present in 50% (8/16) of patients followed by diabetes mellitus (4/16). Moreover, 44% (7/16) of patients received only one medication for managing the hiccups with metoclopramide (5/16) followed by chlorpromazine and baclofen (4/16) used as primary treatment. Equally, 44% of patients (7/16) received dexamethasone followed by azithromycin (5/16), ivermectin (4/16), and ceftriaxone (4/16) for managing the infection from SARS-CoV-2. The majority of patients (14/16) improved after initiation of treatment. Persistent hiccups are possibly a rare symptom that clinicians may expect to encounter in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although there is not ample proof to propose causation, increased awareness about the diversity of presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be crucial in the early recognition of the disease.
PubMed: 35444608
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.819624 -
Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem 2021To identify symptoms of COVID-19 in adults in the scientific literature.
OBJECTIVE
To identify symptoms of COVID-19 in adults in the scientific literature.
METHOD
Systematic review of studies published from December 1, 2019 to April 21, 2020 from the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the symptoms caused by COVID-19 in adults?" using the keywords "Symptoms", "Clinical Manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19".
RESULTS
Of the total 105 references, 13 references that addressed the symptoms of COVID-19 were selected. Fever and normal or dry cough were symptoms present in all studies.
CONCLUSION
The symptoms identified in adult patients were fever, normal or dry cough, headache, pharyngalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, sputum or expectoration, anxiety or chest pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, rhinorrhea, runny nose or nasal congestion, dizziness, chills, systemic pain, mental confusion, hemoptysis, asthma, taste disorder, smell disorder, belching and tachycardia.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Dyspnea; Fatigue; Fever; Humans; Middle Aged; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 34037180
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200205 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Integrative herbal medicine has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To compile up-to-date evidence of the...
Integrative herbal medicine has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To compile up-to-date evidence of the benefits and risks of herbal medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. Eleven databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), Research Information Service System (RISS), Korean Medical database (KMBase), Korean Association of Medical Journal database (KoreaMed), and OASIS database, were searched from 15 June, 2020, until 28 March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in any language, reporting the efficacy and safety outcomes of herbal medicine in patients of all ages with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this analysis. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently. Random-effects meta-analyses showed evidence of favorable effects of treatment with herbal medicine when added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the total effective rate ( = 0.0001), time to remission from fever ( < 0.00001), rate of remission from coughing ( < 0.0001), fatigue ( = 0.02), sputum production ( = 0.004), improvement of manifestations observed on chest computed tomography scans ( < 0.00001), incidence of progression to severe COVID-19 ( = 0.003), all-cause mortality ( = 0.003), time to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test ( < 0.0001), and duration of hospital stay ( = 0.0003). There was no evidence of a difference between herbal medicine added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the rate of remission from symptoms such as a fever, sore throat, nasal congestion and discharge, diarrhea, dry throat, chills, and the rate of conversion to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a significant difference in adverse events between the two groups. There was an unclear risk of bias across the RCTs included in this analysis, indicating that most studies had methodological limitations. Current evidence suggests that herbal medicine added to standard treatment has potential benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms but the certainty of evidence was low.
PubMed: 35795550
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906764 -
Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2019We report a 65 year old female patient who had presented with dry cough and shortness of breath for the last 5 years and had also received anti-tubercular therapy but...
We report a 65 year old female patient who had presented with dry cough and shortness of breath for the last 5 years and had also received anti-tubercular therapy but without any benefit. Evaluation revealed the presence of obstructive airway disease with nodular opacities in bilateral lungs. Histopathological examination including electron microscopy was suggestive of domestically acquired pneumoconiosis.A diagnosis of Gujjar lung was made based on history of exposure to wood smoke, characteristic histological and radiological features. Anti-tubercular therapy was stopped and bronchodilators were initiated along with removal from source of exposure to which she showed significant improvement. We also did a systematic review of literature pertaining to Gujjar lung.
PubMed: 31920264
DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_230_18