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BMC Oral Health Aug 2022To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, SciELO LILACS, Proquest, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. There were no language or publication dates restrictions. Two researchers independently performed selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analyses using random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of prevalence of malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD and pooled odds ratio (OR) on the relationship between ASD and malocclusion characteristics. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted according to children and adolescents, history of orthodontic treatment, and occurrence of other syndromes and medical conditions.
RESULTS
Searching identified 5549 papers with 238 were selected for full assessment. Eighteen cross-sectional studies were included according to inclusion criteria. Of them, eleven studies were considered of moderate quality. A judgement of critical risk of bias occurred for thirteen studies. The most prevalent malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD were crowding (33%; 95% CI 22 to 44%) and increased maxillary overjet (39%; 95% CI 23 to 54%). Individuals with ASD had higher odds of Angle's Class II (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.72), Angle's Class III (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.23), open bite (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.16), and increased maxillary overjet (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) than individuals without ASD.
CONCLUSIONS
Angle's Class II, Angle's Class III, anterior open bite and increased maxillary overjet were more prevalent in individuals with ASD than those without ASD. Further high-quality studies are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite
PubMed: 35948958
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02366-0 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and... (Review)
Review
Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and generates future psychological problems. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of dentofacial characteristics on the appearance of selfreported bullying through a literature review. A systematic search was carried out in the databases of international scientific literature on health sciences, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO. Up to October 10, 2020, a total of 348 articles were identified, but only 36 were ultimately selected for the review. Specific keywords in English were used in the search: "dentofacial features"; "soft tissue"; and "malocclusion". It was found that the appearance of bullying was associated with altered facial profiles, namely the presence of different classes of malocclusion, with class II or class III malocclusion being the most impactful. Altered dentofacial characteristics can make an individual the target of harassment, leading to low quality of life, emotional instability, low self-esteem, and the lack of confidence with regard to dentofacial appearance as well as poor long-term social and academic performance. There is a need to develop preventive measures that would be applied by both parents and authorities, with disseminating information on bullying in schools as well as on adequate oral hygiene and the importance of going to the dentist. Traditional and cybernetic bullying share similarities. While working out strategies against bullying, it is essential to raise awareness among victims and bullies, families, and society, and to determine how bullying is perceived by children and teenagers.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bullying; Malocclusion; Quality of Life; Schools; Self Report
PubMed: 36421048
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/138636 -
Cureus Feb 2024Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) originate from various components within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), causing an impact on the masticatory muscles, the joint... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) originate from various components within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), causing an impact on the masticatory muscles, the joint itself, and associated structures. They are a widely prevalent issue across the world. According to epidemiological research, up to 50% of adults in the population have TMD-related symptoms. The objective of this work was to analyze the existing scientific literature regarding the association between malocclusion classes, bruxism, and tooth loss in relation to the etiology of TMD. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 analysis protocol. For the development of the question focus, the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) study design protocol was used. The question in focus according to the PICO format was: "Do malocclusion, tooth loss, and bruxism contribute to temporomandibular disorders?". The review was performed with articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases according to the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included articles were not older than five years. The risk of bias was assessed in the included studies by using the Cochrane Risk-of-bias 2 (RoB-2) tool. Out of a total of 32 results received, 21 articles were chosen according to the established criteria after conducting a review and analysis of their full texts. The article search sequence was presented in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram, and the outcomes of the chosen articles were presented. The literature results revealed a relationship between occlusion and the development of TMD. The influence of occlusal factors on the TMJ was explained by an examination of joint anatomy and symptoms related to TMD. This study revealed variations in TMJ factors across different malocclusion classes. Additionally, it was observed that the occurrence and attributes of TMD are influenced by the number of tooth loss quadrants and the frequency of missing teeth. Furthermore, a correlation was found between bruxism and the symptoms of TMD, including myofascial pain, disc displacement, arthralgia, and muscle disorders. This literature review provides comprehensive information on the relationship between malocclusion classes, bruxism, tooth loss, and TMDs. This prompts healthcare professionals to prioritize patients' occlusal assessment and TMJ condition.
PubMed: 38487145
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54130 -
PloS One 2022The association of head and cervical posture with malocclusion has been studied for many years. Despite extensively encouraging researches, no conclusive evidence has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The association of head and cervical posture with malocclusion has been studied for many years. Despite extensively encouraging researches, no conclusive evidence has been reached for clinical application.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the question "Does head and cervical posture correlate to malocclusion?", a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the available studies were carried out (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022319742).
METHODS
A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the grey literature was performed without language restrictions. The study screening, data extraction, risk-of-bias evaluation and methodological quality assessment were performed by two independent investigators. When a disagreement arose, a third author was consulted.
RESULTS
6 original cross-sectional studies involving 505 participants were included, which were of moderate methodological quality. NL/VER in Class Ⅱ group and NL/CVT in Class Ⅲ group showed significant differences compared to Class Ⅰ group, but no significant differences were observed in most of the variables like NSL/VER, OPT/CVT, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NL/OPT in Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that the current research evidence is not sound enough to prove the association of head and cervical posture with sagittal malocclusion. Better controlled design and a larger sample size are required for clarifying this question in future study.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Malocclusion; Neck; Posture
PubMed: 36282836
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276156 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2021The aim of this study is to review studies evaluating the role of genetics in skeletal class II malocclusion. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this study is to review studies evaluating the role of genetics in skeletal class II malocclusion.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the scientific evidence associating the role of genes in skeletal class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A complete search across the electronic database through PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, BMC and manual hand search of orthodontic journals were done till May 2019. The keywords for the search included: "Genetics", "class II malocclusion", "maxillary prognathism", "mandibular retrognathism".
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Studies were selected based on PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 11 cross-sectional studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for the role of genes in skeletal class II malocclusion. Almost all the studies except for one revealed a positive correlation of genes with skeletal class II malocclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Out of the 11 studies included, a positive correlation of the genes with the skeletal II malocclusion was found in 10 studies. Genes FGFR2, MSX1, MATN1, MYOH1, ACTN3, GHR, KAT6B, HDAC4, AJUBA were found to be positively linked to skeletal class II malocclusion.
Topics: Actinin; Cephalometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Histone Acetyltransferases; Humans; LIM Domain Proteins; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion, Angle Class III
PubMed: 35229783
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_59_20 -
Journal of International Society of... 2022The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in three databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and complemented with a manual search of Google Scholar and the reference list of included studies. Original studies of Saudi Arabian healthy individuals at any age were included. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's appraisal tool. The data about the selected malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space were extracted and pooled.
RESULTS
Out of 7163 identified titles, 11 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was high in two studies, moderate in eight studies, and low in one study. The studied age groups were from early childhood to late adulthood, with a total sample size of 19,169 participants. The majority of the studies recruited their sample from school/public sources, whereas the remaining three studies recruited their sample from dental (non-orthodontic) clinics.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, pooled prevalence of Angle's Class I molar relation in Saudi Arabia was similar to other populations but Angle's Class II and Class III molar relations were lower and higher, respectively. These differences could be attributed to population-related differences in craniofacial morphology. Teeth crowding, teeth spacing, and midline shift, along with increased overjet and overbite, were among the most common malocclusion traits occurring in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 35281679
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_251_21 -
European Journal of Orthodontics May 2023Malocclusions in adolescents might have a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Potential confounding variables (confounders) such as age,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Malocclusions in adolescents might have a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Potential confounding variables (confounders) such as age, gender, caries, and socioeconomic status may skew the real relationship between malocclusions and OHRQoL.
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the effect of malocclusions in adolescents on OHRQoL, when controlled for potential confounders.
SEARCH METHODS
Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched up to 15 June 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies in which OHRQoL in 10-19-year olds with and without malocclusions were compared.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Screening, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed by four investigators independently. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) guidelines. To be included, studies had to control for confounders. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE.
RESULTS
Thirteen cross-sectional studies with low and moderate risk of bias were included in the qualitative synthesis. Four of these were also included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). The 13 studies in the qualitative synthesis displayed a large variation among the indices used for malocclusion ratings, as well as in instruments measuring OHRQoL. There was moderate quality of evidence that malocclusions have a negative effect on OHRQoL. The four articles included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) measured malocclusions with DAI and OHRQoL with CPQ 11-14 short form. There was moderate quality of evidence that malocclusions have a negative effect on OHRQoL (RR/PR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.18, 3672 participants).
CONCLUSIONS
There is moderate quality of evidence that malocclusions in adolescents have a negative impact on OHRQoL, after taking relevant confounders into consideration. Future studies should ideally use standardized measures for malocclusion ratings and OHRQoL.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO. CRD42020186152.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Malocclusion; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36995692
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad009 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2021We designed this review to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years old Indian children. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We designed this review to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years old Indian children.
METHODOLOGY
The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO data with register number CRD42020214211. We employed the standard methodological procedures according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Electronic search was done in PubMed database and other sources in 2020 to identify studies. Only studies published in English after January 1, 2000 that assessed prevalence of malocclusion using Dental aesthetic Index (DAI) or Angle's classification of malocclusion were considered for screening. Selection of articles, data extraction and validity assessment were done independently by the two reviewers.
RESULTS
Pooled prevalence of malocclusion is 35.40% (CI:35.37-35.43, 54 studies, 97959 participants). Males had higher proportion of malocclusion (36.20%, CI: 36.12-36.28,33 studies, 40456 participants). 13 years had higher prevalence of malocclusion (33.50%, CI:33.34-33.66, 11 studies, 3366 participants).Prevalence of malocclusion was higher among urban population (32.78%, CI:32.71 32.85,11 studies, 18313 participants). South India showed higher prevalence of malocclusion (39.58%, CI:39.54-39.62, 41 studies, 58645 participants). Prevalence of malocclusion as assessed by mean DAI score was 21.23 (CI:21.14-21.33,11 studies, 12345 participants).
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years children in India is 35.40% (CI:35.37-35.43,54 studies, 97959 participants).Included studies were heterogeneous in their methods of assessment of malocclusion.
PubMed: 33659178
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.01.011 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. : A systematic review of... (Review)
Review
: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. : A systematic review of observational studies from 2010 to 2023 was conducted and 24 cross-sectional studies involving 6199 participants were identified. These studies were categorized into those dealing with body posture (10 studies, 3601 participants), cervical vertebral column and head posture (6 studies, 644 participants), the podal system (5 studies, 1118 participants), and gait (3 studies, 836 participants). : Evidence suggests a significant association between malocclusion and body posture, balance, podal system, and gait parameters. Notably, eight studies found a significant relationship between malocclusion and body posture, while five studies identified this relationship with the cervical vertebral column and head posture, five with the podal system, and three with gait parameters. : Overall, the quality of evidence was strong for the association between malocclusion and body posture and the podal system and moderate for head posture and gait parameters. These findings offer insights for therapists to design interventions tailored to children with malocclusion based on considerations of body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters, though further longitudinal cohort studies are needed for better predictive understanding.
PubMed: 38929993
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123463 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Dec 2021Systematic review and meta-analysis are of a great tool in assessment of malocclusion, which is major public health concern. This study aims to explore the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Systematic review and meta-analysis are of a great tool in assessment of malocclusion, which is major public health concern. This study aims to explore the prevalence of malocclusion among the children of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through a meta-analysis and systematic review.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Registered with PROSPERO as CRD42020198427, an authentic and global scale database search using relevant MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms was performed. Literature search and articles screening done following PRISMA guidelines.For the dichotomous variables, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were set for statistical data analysis. The heterogeneity index between the studies was determined using indices Tau, Chi, df and I and Test for overall effect as Z.
RESULTS
A total of 7930 candidates were reported to have either one of the three malocclusions. Prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III Malocclusions were found to be 66.51%, 17.70%, 15.79% respectively. Among the small subsample of these candidates, male children with Class I, Class II and Class III Malocclusion were 43.80%, 12.27% and 7.40% respectively whereas female children were 22.07%, 10.93 %, 3.52 % respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the 26 studies included in the systematic review, there were 72% of the candidates with malocclusion in Saudi Arabia. Prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion were 66.51%, 17.70%, and 15.79% respectively. In both male and female participants, the prevalence of Class I was the highest followed by class II and III malocclusion.
PubMed: 34938022
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.09.005