-
Spine Deformity Nov 2022To assess surgical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To assess surgical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated the surgical management of AIS patients using pedicle screw fixation systems (i.e., posterior rods and pedicle screws) with rods of different materials and sizes. Postoperative surgical outcomes (e.g., kyphosis and coronal correction) and complications (i.e., hyper/hypo-lumbar lordosis, proximal junctional kyphosis, revisions, reoperations, and infections) were assessed. Random-effects models (REMs) pooled data for outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies.
RESULTS
Among 75 studies evaluating AIS surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems, 46 described rod materials and/or diameters. Two studies directly comparing titanium (Ti) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) rods found that CoCr rods provided significantly better postoperative kyphosis angle correction vs. Ti rods during a shorter follow-up (0-3 months, MD = - 2.98°, 95% CI - 5.79 to - 0.17°, p = 0.04), and longer follow-up (≥ 24 months, MD = - 3.99°, 95% CI - 6.98 to - 1.00, p = 0.009). Surgical infection varied from 2% (95% CI 1.0-3.0%) for 5.5 mm rods to 4% (95% CI 2.0-7.0%) for 6 mm rods. Reoperation rates were lower with 5.5 mm rods 1% (95% CI 0.0-3.0%) vs. 6 mm rods [6% (95% CI 2.0-9.0%); p = 0.04]. Differences in coronal angle, lumbar lordosis, proximal junctional kyphosis, revisions, and infections did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among rods of different materials or diameters.
CONCLUSION
For AIS, CoCr rods provided better correction of thoracic kyphosis compared to Ti rods. Patients with 5.5 mm rods had fewer reoperations vs. 6.0 and 6.35 mm diameter rods.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Scoliosis; Lordosis; Titanium; Spinal Fusion; Kyphosis; Cobalt; Chromium
PubMed: 35737287
DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00537-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Excessive alcohol consumption has negative effects not only on the drinkers' health but also on others around them. Previous studies suggest that excessive alcohol... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Excessive alcohol consumption has negative effects not only on the drinkers' health but also on others around them. Previous studies suggest that excessive alcohol consumption can be related to a combination of factors such as age, family background, religiosity, etc. Investigating and clarifying these roots of alcohol consumption is crucial so that the right type of interventions can be designed in a specific and targeted manner.
OBJECTIVES
This work was conducted as a systematic review to reveal the factors associated with alcohol consumption and to heighten the understanding of the differences among various communities and segments of the population regarding their usage of alcohol.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was performed.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were included in the review after excluding irrelevant records and duplicates.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol consumption patterns can be associated with several factors related to communities and individuals, and our review revealed demographic factors, including age and proximity to alcohol outlets, as well as social factors, including family background, socioeconomic background, and religious influence. These findings can be used to establish a guideline for further studies in understanding alcohol consumption patterns among individuals according to their personal characteristics and sociocultural backgrounds.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Demography; Health Behavior; Humans
PubMed: 35805782
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138103 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Policymakers are developing response strategies to reduce the impacts of COVID-19. However, developing response strategies without considering their relationships with...
Policymakers are developing response strategies to reduce the impacts of COVID-19. However, developing response strategies without considering their relationships with the impacts of COVID-19 is ineffective. This study aims to model the causal relationships between COVID-19 impacts and response strategies in the construction industry, using Malaysia as a case study. To achieve this, a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with forty industry professionals were conducted, yielding 12 impacts and 22 response strategies. The impacts and strategies were inserted into a survey, and 107 valid responses were received. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to group the impacts and strategies. Then, partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to identify the causal relationship between the impacts and strategies. The EFA results indicate that the underlying impacts are project- or material-related, and the underlying strategies are market stability and financial aid, supply chain and project support, and information and legislation. The PLS-SEM results indicate that supply chain and project support are required to address material-related impacts, and market stability and financial aid are required to address project-related impacts. This is the first paper that models the relationships between COVID-19 impacts and response strategies in the construction industry.
Topics: COVID-19; Construction Industry; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Humans; Latent Class Analysis; Least-Squares Analysis
PubMed: 35564719
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095326 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023The use of graphecs excellent mechanical properties. However, it is necessary to evaluate the biological effects of this material. This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
The use of graphecs excellent mechanical properties. However, it is necessary to evaluate the biological effects of this material. This systematic review aimed to observe and understand through studies the current state of the art regarding osseointegration, antimicrobial capacity, and the cytotoxicity of graphene coating applied to the surface of dental implant materials. Searches in PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were conducted between June and July 2021 and updated in May 2022 using the keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, dental implants, zirconium, titanium, peek, aluminum, disilicate, methyl-methacrylate, cytotoxicity, osseointegration, and bone regeneration. The criteria included in vivo and in vitro studies that evaluated antimicrobial capacity and/or osseointegration and/or cytotoxicity of dental implant materials coated with graphene compounds. The risk of bias for in vitro studies was assessed by the JBI tool, and for in vivo studies, Syrcle's risk of bias tool for animal studies was used. The database search resulted in 176 articles. Of the 18 articles selected for full reading, 16 remained in this systematic review. The use of graphene compounds as coatings on the surface of implant materials is promising because it promotes osseointegration and has antimicrobial capacity. However, further studies are needed to ensure its cytotoxic potential.
PubMed: 37680613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.005 -
RSC Advances May 2022Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed... (Review)
Review
Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed hazard effects, and human health concerns significantly restrict CNT applications in biomedical studies, laboratory practices, and industry, creating a barrier for mankind in the way of understanding how exactly the material behaves in contact with living systems. Raising the toxicity question again, many research groups conclude low toxicity of the material and its potential safeness at some doses for contact with biological systems. To get new momentum for researchers working on the intersection of the biological field and nanomaterials, , CNT materials, we systematically reviewed existing studies with toxicological data to propose exact doses that yield toxic effects, summarize studied cell types for a more thorough comparison, the impact of incubation time, and applied toxicity tests. Using several criteria and different scientific databases, we identified and analyzed nearly 200 original publications forming a "golden core" of the field to propose safe doses of the material based on a statistical analysis of retrieved data. We also differentiated the impact of various forms of CNTs: on a substrate and in the form of dispersion because in both cases, some studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of CNTs. We revealed that CNTs located on a substrate had negligible impact, , 90% of studies report good viability and cell behavior similar to control, therefore CNTs could be considered as a prospective conductive substrate for cell cultivation. In the case of dispersions, our analysis revealed mean values of dose/incubation time to be 4-5 μg mL h, which suggested the material to be a suitable candidate for further studies to get a more in-depth understanding of its properties in biointerfaces and offer CNTs as a promising platform for fundamental studies in targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, tissue engineering, biosensing fields, . We hope that the present systematic review will shed light on the current knowledge about CNT toxicity, indicate "dark" spots and offer possible directions for the subsequent studies based on the demonstrated here tabulated and statistical data of doses, cell models, toxicity tests, viability, .
PubMed: 35733671
DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02519a -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in... (Review)
Review
In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in sensors and actuators for industrial use. Because of their excellent mechanical-to-electrical and vice versa energy conversion properties, piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric charge and voltage coefficient have been tested in renewable energy applications. The fundamental component of the energy harvester is the piezoelectric material, which, when subjected to mechanical vibrations or applied stress, induces the displaced ions in the material and results in a net electric charge due to the dipole moment of the unit cell. This phenomenon builds an electric potential across the material. In this review article, a detailed study focused on the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH's) is reported. In addition, the fundamental idea about piezoelectric materials, along with their modeling for various applications, are detailed systematically. Then a summary of previous studies based on PEH's other applications is listed, considering the technical aspects and methodologies. A discussion has been provided as a critical review of current challenges in this field. As a result, this review can provide a guideline for the scholars who want to use PEH's for their research.
PubMed: 34208745
DOI: 10.3390/s21124145 -
Cureus Apr 2023A surgical patient post-fasciotomy presents a challenge to restore the cover of the muscle groups, and the use of the suturing dermatotraction techniques presents a... (Review)
Review
A surgical patient post-fasciotomy presents a challenge to restore the cover of the muscle groups, and the use of the suturing dermatotraction techniques presents a cheap and easy means of native cover. This systematic review of case series and case-control study explored the trend of this technique, including duration of delayed primary wound closure, complications, and failure rates. A literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on Medline, Embase, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), yielding a combined total of 820 articles between 1946 and June 18, 2022. Human studies with suturing dermatotraction techniques were included. Sixteen (16) studies reviewed met the criteria. The basic anatomy of the dermatotraction technique involves an anchor point on the skin, a material for traction, and a suture pattern. The shoelace technique was the predominant suture pattern, with staples as skin anchor material/method and silastic vessel loops as traction sling used by 11 studies. Modifications of this method included the use of intradermal Prolene sutures and pediatric catheters. The shortest duration for skin apposition was two days, and the longest was 113 days. Complications were comparable to that of surgical wounds and thus may not be attributable to the technique itself. Studies reviewed showed that superficial and early complications were more likely than deep or delayed complications. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and skin graft salvaged a few failed closures in two studies. There are varying practices of tightening rates with reports ranging from daily to every 72 hours. The rate of tightening and disease burden may account for the wide range of reported delayed primary closure. Most of the studies reviewed closed fasciotomy wounds with this technique within an average of <10 days. It is relatively cheaper, carries a low morbidity burden, and has multiple reported success in the closure of fasciotomy wounds in this review and thus should have an increased adoption as a first approach in managing fasciotomy wounds, especially in low-income countries.
PubMed: 37197103
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37550 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2023The use of bone morphogenic protein and mesenchymal stem cells has shown promise in promoting bone regeneration in calvarial defects. However, a systematic review of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of bone morphogenic protein and mesenchymal stem cells has shown promise in promoting bone regeneration in calvarial defects. However, a systematic review of the available literature is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this approach.
METHODS
We comprehensively searched electronic databases using MeSH terms related to skull defects, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and bone morphogenic proteins. Eligible studies included animal studies that used BMP therapy and mesenchymal stem cells to promote bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Reviews, conference articles, book chapters, and non-English language studies were excluded. Two independent investigators conducted the search and data extraction.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies published between 2010 and 2022 met our inclusion criteria after a full-text review of the forty-five records found in the search. Eight of the 23 studies used mice as models, while 15 used rats. The most common mesenchymal stem cell was bone marrow-derived, followed by adipose-derived. BMP-2 was the most popular. Stem cells were embedded in Scaffold (13), Transduction (7), and Transfection (3), and they were delivered BMP to cells. Each treatment used 2 × 10-1 × 10 mesenchymal stem cells, averaging 2.26 × 10. Most BMP-transduced MSC studies used lentivirus.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review examined BMP and MSC synergy in biomaterial scaffolds or alone. BMP therapy and mesenchymal stem cells in calvarial defects, alone, or with a scaffold regenerated bone. This method treats skull defects in clinical trials. The best scaffold material, therapeutic dosage, administration method, and long-term side effects need further study.
PubMed: 37373757
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124064 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2020The present systematic review aimed to perform an in-depth analysis of the different features of retracted publications in the dental field. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The present systematic review aimed to perform an in-depth analysis of the different features of retracted publications in the dental field.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review has been recorded in the PROSPERO database (CRD42017075634). Two independent reviewers performed an electronic search (Pubmed, Retraction Watch) for retracted articles in dental literature up to December 31, 2018.
RESULTS
180 retracted papers were identified, the first published in 2001. Retractions increased by 47% in the last four-year period (2014-2018), when compared with 2009-2013 (94 and 64 retracted publications, respectively). Author misconduct was the most common reason for retraction (65.0%), followed by honest scientific errors (12.2%) and publisher-related issues (10.6%). The majority of retracted research was conducted in Asia (55.6%), with 49 papers written in India (27.2%). 552 researchers (89%) are listed as authors in only one retracted article, while 10 researchers (1.6%) are present in five or more retracted publications. Retracted articles were cited 530 times after retraction: the great majority of these citations (89.6%) did not consider the existence of the retraction notice and treated data from retracted articles as reliable.
CONCLUSIONS
Retractions in dental literature have constantly increased in recent years, with the majority of them due to misconduct and fraud. The publication of unreliable research has many negative consequences. Studies derived from such material are designed on potentially incorrect bases, waste funds and resources, and most importantly, increase risk of incorrect treatment for patients. Citation of retracted papers represents a major issue for the scientific community.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Databases, Factual; Dentistry; Fraud; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Retraction of Publication as Topic; Scientific Experimental Error; Scientific Misconduct
PubMed: 32233020
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.292 -
Heliyon Nov 2022Material extrusion additive manufacturing, is a relatively inexpensive and popular manufacturing technique that can be used to fabricate complex 3D geometries at low... (Review)
Review
GOAL
Material extrusion additive manufacturing, is a relatively inexpensive and popular manufacturing technique that can be used to fabricate complex 3D geometries at low cost. However, parts produced by this process are often characterised by poor quality, particularly with regards to dimensional and geometrical accuracy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental studies conducted over the past 25 years that have aimed to improve these quality variables via printing parameter optimisation.
METHODS
An initial non systematic scoping study coupled with a subsequent scientific systematic literature review protocol to identify experimental studies on dimensional quality in material extrusion additive manufacturing was conducted. 127 individual studies are identified and analysed.
RESULTS
The authors critically analysed the relevant and salient studies (127) by evaluating which machines; materials; sample sizes; artefact designs; and most importantly what printing parameters have been used in the experimental investigations. A total of (79) machine variations were used; ABS and PLA made up (43%) and (36%) of materials investigated respectively; (84%) of studies had sample sizes of less than (40); and artefact dimensions ranged from (10-270 mm) (1-240 mm), and (3.5-220 mm) in the X, Y, and Z axes respectively. In many cases, the relationships between printing parameters (independent variables) and dimensional qualities (dependent variables) were found to be uncertain or even contradictory between studies.
CONCLUSIONS
A wide range of studies have sought to optimise parameters (e.g., Nozzle gap height, print head velocity, filament volumetric velocity) to address dimensional quality issues in ME AM. However, the authors have demonstrated that a lack of agreement among studies limits the generalisability of these parameter optimisation findings. More recent studies have considered the local dimensional variance of deposited single strands. This offers greater potential to understand the underlying causes of component defects and inaccuracy.
PubMed: 36458319
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11592