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CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Jan 2023Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce increased alpha-synuclein-mediated motor deficits. Human studies have identified differences in the gut microbiota of PD patients compared to healthy controls. We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the available evidence for the involvement of gut bacteria in the etiology of PD.
METHODS
The PubMed databank, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databank, and Wanfang Data were searched from inception until June 2021 to identify human case-control studies that investigated relationships between PD and microbiota quantified from feces. We evaluated the resulting studies focusing on bacterial taxa that were different between PD patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were found in which 53 microbial families and 98 genera exhibited differences between patients with PD and healthy controls. The genera identified by more than two studies as increased in PD were Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, Christensenella, Enterococcus, Oscillospira, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella, and Akkermansia, while Prevotella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, and Haemophilus had three or more reports of being lower in PD patients. More than one report demonstrated that Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Parabacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Butyrivibrio, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Lachnospira, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella were altered in both directions.
CONCLUSION
Our review shows that the involvement of the gut microbiome in the etiology of PD may involve alterations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and an increase in putative gut pathobionts. SCFAs-producing bacteria may vary above or below an "optimal range," causing imbalances. Considering that Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia are beneficial for human health, increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the PD gut microbiome may be associated with PD medications, especially COMT inhibitors, while a high level of Akkermansia may be associated with aging.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Parkinson Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 36284437
DOI: 10.1111/cns.13990 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Sep 2023Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia compared with controls. It is not clear how these alterations functionally impact people with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to combine and evaluate data on compositional and functional alterations in microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia.
STUDY DESIGN
Original studies involving humans and animals were included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane were systematically searched and quantitative analysis performed.
STUDY RESULTS
Sixteen original studies met inclusion criteria (1376 participants: 748 cases and 628 controls). Ten were included in the meta-analysis. Although observed species and Chao 1 show a decrease in diversity in people with schizophrenia compared with controls (SMD = -0.14 and -0.66 respectively), that did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence for variations in richness or evenness of microbiota between patients and controls overall. Differences in beta diversity and consistent patterns in microbial taxa were noted across studies. We found increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera in schizophrenia groups. Variations in brain structure, metabolic pathways, and symptom severity may be associated with compositional alterations in the microbiome. The heterogeneous design of studies complicates a similar evaluation of functional readouts.
CONCLUSIONS
The microbiome may play a role in the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Understanding how the implications of alterations in microbial genes for symptomatic expression and clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 37210594
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad049 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important...
INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important role of gut microbiota in maturation, regulation, and induction of the immune system and subsequent inflammatory processes, it seems that evaluating the composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals may have potential value as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for the disease. Also, therapeutic interventions affecting gut microbial flora may open new horizons in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and accelerating their recovery.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies published from December 2019 to December 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Articles containing the following keywords in titles or abstracts were selected: "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Disease 19" and "gastrointestinal microbes" or "dysbiosis" or "gut microbiota" or "gut bacteria" or "gut microbes" or "gastrointestinal microbiota".
RESULTS
Out of 1,668 studies, 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 1,255 confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. All included studies showed a significant association between COVID-19 and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The most alteration in bacterial composition of COVID-19 patients was depletion in genera , , , , , , , and and enrichment of , , , , , , and Also, some gut microbiome alterations were associated with COVID-19 severity and poor prognosis including the increment of , , , , , , , , , , and spp. and the decrement of , , , , and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed a significant change of gut microbiome composition in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals. This great extent of impact has proposed the gut microbiota as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. There is much evidence about this issue, and it is expected to be increased in near future.
Topics: COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35310853
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644 -
BMC Cancer Feb 2024Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to prostate cancer. This study aims to assess the gut microbiota composition in patients with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to prostate cancer. This study aims to assess the gut microbiota composition in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy participants, thereby advancing understanding of gut microbiota's role in prostate cancer.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and pertinent data were analyzed. The kappa score assessed interrater agreement.
RESULTS
This study encompassed seven research papers, involving 250 prostate cancer patients and 192 controls. The kappa was 0.93. Meta-analysis results showed that alpha-diversity of gut microbiota in prostate cancer patients was significantly lower than in the control group. In terms of gut microbiota abundance, the ratio of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides was higher in prostate cancer patients. Conversely, the abundance ratio of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonella, and Megasphaera was higher in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Our study reveals differences in alpha-diversity and abundance of gut microbiota between patients with prostate cancer and controls, indicating gut microbiota dysbiosis in those with prostate cancer. However, given the limited quality and quantity of selected studies, further research is necessary to validate these findings.
Topics: Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38402385
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12018-x -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Emerging evidence has demonstrated a close association between perturbations in vaginal microbiota composition in women and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection,...
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence has demonstrated a close association between perturbations in vaginal microbiota composition in women and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical lesions, and cervical cancer (Ca); however, these findings are highly heterogeneous and inconclusive.
AIM
To perform a comprehensive systematic review of the global disturbance in the vaginal microbiota, specifically in women with HPV-associated cervical diseases, and to further conduct within- and across-disease comparisons.
METHOD
Twenty-two records were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 28, 2022. We extracted microbial changes at the community (alpha and beta diversity) and taxonomic (relative abundance) levels. Within- and across-disease findings on the relative abundance of taxonomic assignments were qualitatively synthesized.
RESULTS
Generally, significantly higher alpha diversity was observed for HPV infection, cervical lesions, and/or cancer patients than in controls, and significant differences within beta diversity were observed for the overall microbial composition across samples. In within-disease comparisons, the genera , , , , and showed the greatest abundances with HPV infection; and showed inconsistent abundance with HPV infection, and was observed in Ca. Across diseases, we find increased levels of and varying levels of were shared across HPV infections, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and Ca, whereas varied depending on the HPV-related disease subtype.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review reports that vaginal microbiome disturbances are correlated to the depletion of , enrichment of anaerobes, and increased abundance of aerobic bacteria in HPV infection and related cervical diseases. Moreover, may exert either protective or pathogenic effects on different HPV-related diseases.
PubMed: 35903684
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941741 -
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2022China has the largest absolute burden of hypertension (HTN) in the world. Gut dysbiosis may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for HTN. However, the characteristics... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
China has the largest absolute burden of hypertension (HTN) in the world. Gut dysbiosis may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for HTN. However, the characteristics of gut microbiota in Chinese populations with HTN remain to be determined.
METHODS
We systematically searched for studies comparing the gut microbial in HTN with healthy controls in databases. The cut-off date was December 30, 2021. Semiquantitative analysis and meta-analysis with standardized mean differences of the alteration in gut microbiota were carried out.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies involving 2,372 patients with HTN and 849 controls were included, covering 16 Chinese provinces or regions. The present study supports that compared to healthy population, the diversity of patients with HTN is significantly compromised, while richness is overall preserved. To be specific, a significant increase of the Firmicutes (F)/Bacteroidetes (B) ratio is considered as a special parameter of gut microbiota in HTN patients. The increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes, genus Megasphaera, Escherichia_Shigella, and Klebsiella while the lower abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, genus Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus may be associated with HTN. The gut microbial metabolism in HTN was more abundant in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, membrane transport, and steroid degradation.
CONCLUSIONS
Variation in gut microbial parameters is likely associated with Chinese patients with HTN. Further investigations should distinguish geographical and ethnic characteristics to develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to HTN.
Topics: Asian People; China; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 35398848
DOI: 10.1159/000524282