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International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022In-Classroom physical activity breaks (IcPAB) are a promising way to promote children’s health behaviors, while contributing to the development of their academic and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effects of In-Classroom Physical Activity Breaks on Children's Academic Performance, Cognition, Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
In-Classroom physical activity breaks (IcPAB) are a promising way to promote children’s health behaviors, while contributing to the development of their academic and cognitive ability and health outcomes. Yet the effect of the activity breaks, which are exclusive to classroom settings, are still mixed and unclear. Hence, this review was conducted to identify the characteristics and the effects of IcPAB among primary school children. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021234192). Following the Cochrane guidelines, PubMed, PsycINFO (ProQuest), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), Embase/Ovid, SportDISCUS (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus and Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost) databases were searched to collect data on randomised control trials without a time restriction. The final database search was conducted on the 8 November 2021. Random effects models were used to calculate the effect sizes. The systematic review identified ten eligible studies, nine of which were also included in the meta-analysis. Few studies used the theoretical frameworks and process evaluations. IcPAB showed mixed effectiveness on academic outcomes: i.e., IcPAB had effects on spelling performance (p < 0.05) and foreign language learning (p < 0.01) but not on mathematics and reading performance. Health behaviors such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels were improved (p < 0.01), but IcPAB did not have an impact on cognition outcomes and health outcomes. Given these mixed results, further research is needed underpinned by strong methodological quality, theoretical underpinnings and reliable process evaluation methods.
Topics: Academic Performance; Child; Cognition; Exercise; Health Behavior; Humans; Learning; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35954831
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159479 -
The British Journal of Developmental... Mar 2022Evidence suggests that cognitive and literacy difficulties are common for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Evidence suggests that cognitive and literacy difficulties are common for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between cognition and literacy in children with ADHD. Ten thousand and thirty-eight articles were screened against the inclusion criteria and six eligible studies were retained for final review. Where two or more studies used comparable measures of cognition and literacy, a meta-analysis of the relationship between these measures was undertaken. A narrative synthesis of all included studies was also completed. There were medium effect sizes between working memory and aspects of reading, and small effect sizes between processing speed and reading. Inhibition and attention had differential relationships with aspects of literacy with varying effect sizes. This systematic review demonstrates differential relationships between aspects of literacy and cognition in children with ADHD. Further examination of these relationships is warranted to support intervention development.
Topics: Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Cognition; Humans; Literacy; Memory, Short-Term
PubMed: 34605577
DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12395 -
Social and Personality Psychology... Nov 2020This systematic review examined the associations of personality traits with cognitive failures and cognitive complaints across the adult lifespan. We first present three...
This systematic review examined the associations of personality traits with cognitive failures and cognitive complaints across the adult lifespan. We first present three conceptual models (cognitive abilities, mental processes, and reporting bias) that could explain why personality is related to such behaviors. We then conducted five separate meta-analyses with 10-17 cross-sectional samples (N = 7,642 - 10,564) that were identified through a systematic literature search following the MOOSE guidelines. Higher neuroticism ( = .39, 95% CI [0.32, 0.45]) and lower conscientiousness ( = -.36, 95% CI [-.42, -.29]) were related to more cognitive failures and complaints. Lower scores on the remaining traits were also associated with more cognitive failures and complaints, yet to a weaker extent (extraversion: = -.14, 95% CI [-.20, -.08]; openness: = -.07, 95% CI [-.11, -.03]; agreeableness: = -.13, 95% CI [-.21, -.05]). With the current empirical evidence, it is not possible to tell which of the three conceptual models explains how much of the associations. For neuroticism, there is more support for the mental processes than the reporting bias model, but more research is needed to fully test mechanistic models. We provide several suggestions for future research to address existing limitations of the literature on personality and cognitive failures and complaints.
PubMed: 34326894
DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12565 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) of theta activity on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) of theta activity on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in healthy participants via a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 337 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 11 articles met the criteria for meta-analysis after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. A meta-analysis calculating the Hedges' g effect size metric with 95% confidence intervals using random effects models was employed. Heterogeneity was estimated using I statistics. Theta NFT is effective in improving memory outcomes, including WM with a Hedges' g of 0.56 [0.10; 1.02] (I = 62.9% and = 0.02), and EM with a Hedges' g of 0.62 [0.13; 1.10] (I = 42.04% and = 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that theta NFT seems to be useful as nonpharmacological/adjunct training to improve WM and EM in healthy participants.
Topics: Health Status; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Memory, Short-Term; Neurofeedback
PubMed: 36078752
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711037 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Oct 2023Daytime napping may improve cognitive function in older adults. However, the association can be complicated by specific features of napping and the older adult's health....
BACKGROUND
Daytime napping may improve cognitive function in older adults. However, the association can be complicated by specific features of napping and the older adult's health. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on napping and cognition in older adults and provide recommendations for future research and daytime sleep practice in older adults.
METHODS
Systematic searches for relative research published between January 1995 and October 2022 were conducted at PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using keywords individually and in multiple combinations. Manual searches were performed to identify additional studies. All included studies were critically appraised by 2 authors.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies, including 23 observational and 12 intervention studies, were reviewed. Findings from observational studies suggest a possible inverted U-shaped association between napping duration and cognitive function: short and moderate duration of naps benefited cognitive health in older adults compared with both non-napping and long or extended napping. Findings from intervention studies suggest one session of afternoon napping might improve psychomotor function and working memory, although with some inconsistency. The effect of multiple nap sessions on cognition was inconclusive due to a limited number of studies.
CONCLUSION
More rigorous research studies are needed to investigate what causes different patterns of daytime napping, the associations between these distinct patterns and cognitive function, and to determine whether interventions targeting napping patterns can improve cognition in older adults. In addition, future research needs to comprehensively assess daytime napping using a combination of measures such as sleep diary and actigraphy.
Topics: Sleep; Cognition
PubMed: 36472580
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac239 -
Nurse Education in Practice Aug 2022The objective of this scoping review was to review the published literature on existing teaching strategies targeting bachelor nursing students' critical thinking and... (Review)
Review
AIM
The objective of this scoping review was to review the published literature on existing teaching strategies targeting bachelor nursing students' critical thinking and explore how these strategies are described by students and educators. The research questions were: (i) Which teaching strategies are described in the literature targeting critical thinking among nursing students? and (ii) How are these teaching strategies described and experienced by students and/or nurse educators?
BACKGROUND
Critical thinking is integrated in the many clinical assignments and responsibilities with which registered nurses are faced. Therefore, it is important that nurse educators implement teaching strategies supporting bachelor nursing students' development of critical thinking to prepare them for their professional responsibilities.
DESIGN
Scoping review, Open Science Framework (OSF) registries DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/D89SB.
METHODS
The scoping review followed the six steps of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Systematic searches were conducted using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, ERC and PsycINFO. Eligible studies were quality assessed and text excerpts answering the research questions were analysed by a thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Our findings represent 19 published studies and can be understood according to two themes: the importance of the educational conditions and the impact of implemented teaching strategies. The first theme reflected not only the descriptions of important traits in the educational milieu facilitating the development of critical thinking but also the importance of how the content targeting such skills were delivered and organised. The second theme mirrored descriptions of how the students, through the teaching strategies, realized the need for collaboration to facilitate critical thinking. Further, it showed how the teaching strategies fostered professional growth and learning adaptation, by encouraging the students to question their knowledge and facilitating their development of clinical knowledge.
CONCLUSIONS
The strategies used in the facilitation of critical thinking need to incorporate collaboration and student-centredness, creating a relaxed climate where the educators can assist through guidance and support. This calls for the implementation of teaching strategies whereby both educators and students are active in facilitating the learning environment.
Topics: Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Faculty, Nursing; Humans; Learning; Students, Nursing; Teaching; Thinking
PubMed: 35868062
DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103409 -
Journal of Communication Disorders 2023Prosody serves central functions in language processing including linguistic functions (linguistic prosody), like structuring the speech signal. Impairments in... (Review)
Review
A systematic review on production and comprehension of linguistic prosody in people with acquired language and communication disorders resulting from unilateral brain lesions.
BACKGROUND
Prosody serves central functions in language processing including linguistic functions (linguistic prosody), like structuring the speech signal. Impairments in production and comprehension of linguistic prosody have been described for persons with unilateral right (RHDP) or left hemisphere damage (LHDP). However, reported results differ with respect to the characteristics and severities of these impairments AIMS: We conducted a systematic literature review focusing on production and comprehension of linguistic prosody at the prosody-syntax interface (i.e., phrase or sentence level) in LHDP and RHDP.
METHODS & PROCEDURES
In a systematic literature search we included: (i) empirical studies with (ii) adult RHDP and/or LHDP (iii) investigating production and/or comprehension of linguistic prosody at the (iv) phrase or sentence level (v) reporting quantitative data on prosodic measures. We excluded overview papers; studies involving participants with dysarthria, apraxia of speech, foreign accent syndrome, psychiatric diseases, and/or neurodegenerative diseases; studies focusing primarily on emotional prosody; and on lexical stress / word level; studies of which no full text was available and/or that were published in a language other than English. We searched the databases BIOSIS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PSYNDEX, PsycINFO and speechBITE, last searched on January 13 2022.We found 2,631 studies without duplicates. We identified 43 studies which were included into our systematic review. For data extraction and synthesis of results, we grouped studies by (i) modality (production vs. comprehension), (ii) function (syntactic structure vs. information structure), and (iii) by experiment task. For production studies, outcome measures were defined as the productive use of the different prosodic cues (lengthening, pause, f0, amplitude). For comprehension studies, performance measures (accuracy and reaction times) were defined as outcome measures. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement (Page et al., 2021), we conducted a quality check to assess study risk of bias. Our review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019120308).
OUTCOMES & RESULTS
Of the 43 studies reviewed, 30 studies involved RHDP (n = 309), assessing production in 15 studies and focusing on comprehension of prosody in 16 studies (one study investigated production and comprehension). LHDP (n = 438) were included in 35 studies of which 15 studied production and 21 evaluated comprehension of prosody (one study investigated production and comprehension). Despite the heterogeneity of results in the studies reviewed, our synthesis of results suggests that both LHDP and RHDP show limitations, but no complete impairment, in their production and/or comprehension of linguistic prosody. Prosodic limitations are evident in different areas of processing linguistic prosody, like syntactic disambiguation or the distinction between sentence types. There is a tendency towards more severe limitations in LHDP as compared to RHDP.
CONCLUSIONS
We only included published studies into our review and did not perform an assessment of risk of reporting bias as well as systematic certainty assessments of the outcomes. Despite these limitations, we conclude that both groups show deficits in production and comprehension of linguistic prosody, but neither LHDP nor RHDP are completely impaired in their prosodic processing. This suggests that prosody is a relevant communicative resource for LHDP and RHDP worth being addressed in speech-language-therapy.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Comprehension; Language; Linguistics; Communication Disorders; Brain; Speech Perception
PubMed: 36623377
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106298 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Traditional evaluation of user experience is subjective by nature, for what is sought is to use data from physiological and behavioral sensors to interpret the... (Review)
Review
Traditional evaluation of user experience is subjective by nature, for what is sought is to use data from physiological and behavioral sensors to interpret the relationship that the user's cognitive states have with the elements of a graphical interface and interaction mechanisms. This study presents the systematic review that was developed to determine the cognitive states that are being investigated in the context of Quality of Experience (QoE)/User Experience (UX) evaluation, as well as the signals and characteristics obtained, machine learning models used, evaluation architectures proposed, and the results achieved. Twenty-nine papers published in 2014-2019 were selected from eight online sources of information, of which 24% were related to the classification of cognitive states, 17% described evaluation architectures, and 41% presented correlations between different signals, cognitive states, and QoE/UX metrics, among others. The amount of identified studies was low in comparison with cognitive state research in other contexts, such as driving or other critical activities; however, this provides a starting point to analyze and interpret states such as mental workload, confusion, and mental stress from various human signals and propose more robust QoE/UX evaluation architectures.
Topics: Cognition; Humans
PubMed: 34069310
DOI: 10.3390/s21103439 -
Health Expectations : An International... Aug 2022Shared decision-making (SDM) as a multicollaborative approach is vital for facilitating patient-centred care. Considering the limited clinical practice, we attempted to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Shared decision-making (SDM) as a multicollaborative approach is vital for facilitating patient-centred care. Considering the limited clinical practice, we attempted to synthesize the motivations and resistances, and investigate their mutual relationships for advancing the implementation of SDM.
METHODS
A comprehensive systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines was performed. 'Shared decision making' was searched as the mesh term through PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO from 2000 to 2021, and the quality of literature was appraised using the QualSyst Tool. Motivations and resistances were categorized based on content analysis and the 'structure-process-outcome' model.
RESULTS
From 8319 potential citations, 105 were included, comprising 53 qualitative studies (the average quality score is 0.92) and 52 quantitative studies (the average quality score is 0.95). A total of 42 categories of factors were identified into 11 themes and further grouped into three dimensions: structure, process and outcome. The structure dimension comprised six themes (71.43%), the process dimension contained four themes (11.01%) and the outcome dimension covered only one theme. Across all categories, decision-making time and patients' decision preparedness in the process dimension were the most reported, followed by physicians' communication skills and health care environment in the structure dimension. Analysis of implementation of SDM among various types of diseases showed that more influencing factors were extracted from chronic diseases and unspecified disease decisions.
CONCLUSIONS
The major determinants for the implementation of SDM are focused on the structural dimension, which challenges the health systems of both developed and low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, we consider it important to understand more about the interactions among the factors to take integrated measures to address the problems and to ensure the effectiveness of implementing SDM.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Patients, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders articulated their perspectives on the implementation of SDM actively, and these were adopted and analysed in this study. However, the above-mentioned individuals were not directly involved in the process of this study. Protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021259309).
Topics: Communication; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Motivation; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Physician-Patient Relations; Professional Practice
PubMed: 35662361
DOI: 10.1111/hex.13541 -
Neuropsychology Review Dec 2023Although attention and early associative learning in preverbal children is predominantly driven by rapid eye-movements in response to moving visual stimuli and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although attention and early associative learning in preverbal children is predominantly driven by rapid eye-movements in response to moving visual stimuli and sounds/words (e.g., associating the word "bottle" with the object), the literature examining the role of visual attention and memory in ongoing vocabulary development across childhood is limited. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between visual memory and vocabulary development, including moderators such as age and task selection, in neurotypical children aged 2-to-12 years, from the brain-based perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Visual memory tasks were classified according to the visual characteristics of the stimuli and the neural networks known to preferentially process such information, including consideration of the distinction between the ventral visual stream (processing more static visuo-perceptual details, such as form or colour) and the more dynamic dorsal visual stream (processing spatial temporal action-driven information). Final classifications included spatio-temporal span tasks, visuo-perceptual or spatial concurrent array tasks, and executive judgment tasks. Visuo-perceptual concurrent array tasks, reliant on ventral stream processing, were moderately associated with vocabulary, while tasks measuring spatio-temporal spans, associated with dorsal stream processing, and executive judgment tasks (central executive), showed only weak correlations with vocabulary. These findings have important implications for health professionals and researchers interested in language, as they advocate for the development of more targeted language learning interventions that include specific and relevant aspects of visual processing and memory, such as ventral stream visuo-perceptual details (i.e., shape or colour).
Topics: Child; Humans; Vocabulary; Memory; Visual Perception; Brain; Language
PubMed: 36136174
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09561-4