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Journal of Research in Health Sciences Oct 2021Accuracy, speed, efficiency, and applicability of activities in the workplace are among the most important effective factors on people's productivity, which is in turn...
BACKGROUND
Accuracy, speed, efficiency, and applicability of activities in the workplace are among the most important effective factors on people's productivity, which is in turn affected by environmental factors, such as light. Therefore, the present research aimed to review the studies performed about the effects of light on attention and reaction time.
METHODS
This review study systematically searched articles from 2000-2019 in databases of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords of light, lighting, attention, and reaction time. The titles and abstracts of articles containing relevant results over the past 20 years were extracted. Thereafter, they were categorized and analyzed according to the title, author name, publication year, study method, study type, and evaluation results.
RESULTS
Based on the results, the light with shorter wavelengths, higher intensity, and higher color temperature led to suppressed melatonin, higher consciousness, less somnolence, increased attention, and faster reaction time. Simultaneous exposure to harmful levels of environmental factors affects cognitive and physiological parameters, acting independently with a separate mechanism or synergistically with a similar mechanism. The best light in the regulation of psychological, biological, and cognitive processes is bright daylight in the morning with a short wavelength, high intensity, and more lasting effects.
CONCLUSION
As evidenced by the obtained results, light is a powerful modulator of non-visual performance in cognitive tasks. The wavelength, color temperature, and light intensity modulate brain responses to cognitive tasks, including attention and reaction time. Therefore, these parameters, along with personal and environmental factors, should be considered in designing and using light.
Topics: Humans; Reaction Time; Attention; Melatonin; Cognition; Workplace
PubMed: 36511225
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.66 -
Pregnancy Hypertension Aug 2021The gold standard for assessment and diagnosis of significant proteinuria in pregnancy has been by 24-hour urine collection and analysis. Determining fast, accurate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protein-creatinine ratio and albumin-creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of significant proteinuria in pregnant women with hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.
BACKGROUND
The gold standard for assessment and diagnosis of significant proteinuria in pregnancy has been by 24-hour urine collection and analysis. Determining fast, accurate methods to identify clinically significant proteinuria would aid diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of spot protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) measurements compared with 24-hour urine collection for the identification of clinically significant proteinuria in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
METHODS
Search strategies were developed for electronic databases from inception to 1st October 2020. Data were assessed for methodological quality using the QUADAS-II checklist for risk of bias and quality of the evidence using GRADE. Meta-analysis was performed where there were at least four studies presenting data for the same comparison (test and threshold). This is an update of the review for NICE guideline NG133 (published June 2019) and includes additional data.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included. PCR measurements (28 studies) showed high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (89%) at a threshold of 30 mg/mmol (n = 3577). Higher thresholds (>60 mg/mmol) increased specificity, but reduced sensitivity. At a threshold of PCR 30 mg/mmol, diagnostic accuracy improved for sensitivity and specificity (93% for both) in studies where the first morning void was excluded (n = 1868). Data available (4 studies) for ACR supports ruling out of significant proteinuria at less than 2 mg/mmol, though evidence was limited by paucity of data and wide confidence intervals around the result.
CONCLUSIONS
PCR and ACR have high accuracy compared to the gold standard 24-hour urine collection.
Topics: Albumins; Biomarkers; Creatinine; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Prenatal Diagnosis; Proteinuria
PubMed: 34237632
DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.06.013 -
Medicine Apr 2021Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple pathways during lung cancer pathogenesis. Apart from functional significance, many circRNAs have been shown to be associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple pathways during lung cancer pathogenesis. Apart from functional significance, many circRNAs have been shown to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics and predict lung cancer prognosis. Our aim is to summarize the expanding knowledge of clinical roles of circRNAs in lung cancer.
METHODS
A thorough search of literature was conducted to identify articles about the correlation between circRNA expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological values. Biological mechanisms were summarized.
RESULTS
This study included 35 original articles and 32 circRNAs with prognostic roles for lung cancer. Increased expression of 25 circRNAs and decreased expression of 7 circRNAs predicted poor prognosis. For non-small cell lung cancer, changes of circRNAs were correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation, indicating the major function of circRNAs is to promote lung cancer invasion and migration. Particularly, meta-analysis of ciRS-7, hsa_circ_0020123, hsa_circ_0067934 showed increase of the 3 circRNAs was associated with positive lymph node metastasis. Increase of ciRS-7 and hsa_circ_0067934 was also related with advanced TNM stage. The biological effects depend on the general function of circRNA as microRNA sponge.
CONCLUSIONS
CircRNAs have the potential to function as prognostic markers and are associated with lung cancer progression and metastasis.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease Progression; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; RNA, Circular
PubMed: 33832139
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025415 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2023Road traffic injuries (RTI) are one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among children and young adults. Motorcycle crashes constitute a...
BACKGROUND
Road traffic injuries (RTI) are one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among children and young adults. Motorcycle crashes constitute a significant part of RTIs. Policymakers believe that safety helmets are the single most important protection against motorcycle-related injuries. However, motorcyclists are not wearing helmets at desirable rates. This study systematically investigated factors that are positively associated with helmet usage among two-wheeled motorcycle riders.
METHODS
We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library with relevant keywords. No language, date of publication, or methodological restrictions were applied. All the articles that had evaluated the factors associated with helmet-wearing behavior and were published before December 31, 2021, were included in our study and underwent data extraction. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for observational studies.
RESULTS
A total of 50 articles were included. Most evidence suggests that helmet usage is more common among drivers (compared to passengers), women, middle-aged adults, those with higher educations, married individuals, license holders, and helmet owners. Moreover, the helmet usage rate is higher on highways and central city roads and during mornings and weekdays. Travelers of longer distances, more frequent users, and riders of motorcycles with larger engines use safety helmets more commonly. Non-helmet-using drivers seem to have acceptable awareness of mandatory helmet laws and knowledge about their protective role against head injuries. Importantly, complaint about helmet discomfort is somehow common among helmet-using drivers.
CONCLUSIONS
To enhance helmet usage, policymakers should emphasize the vulnerability of passengers and children to RTIs, and that fatal crashes occur on low-capacity roads and during cruising at low speeds. Monitoring by police should expand to late hours of the day, weekends, and lower capacity and less-trafficked roads. Aiming to enhance the acceptance of other law-abiding behaviors (e.g., wearing seat belts, riding within the speed limits, etc.), especially among youth and young adults, will enhance the prevalence of helmet-wearing behavior among motorcycle riders. Interventions should put their focus on improving the attitudes of riders regarding safety helmets, as there is acceptable knowledge of their benefits.
Topics: Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Female; Accidents, Traffic; Craniocerebral Trauma; Seat Belts; Police; Head Protective Devices; Motorcycles
PubMed: 36604638
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14893-0 -
Cureus Apr 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, swelling, and morning stiffness. It not only affects the joints but... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, swelling, and morning stiffness. It not only affects the joints but also exhibits many extra-articular manifestations. It is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities. The possibility of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with RA is about twofold higher compared to non-RA individuals. Therefore, early risk assessment and management of risk factors are crucial to reduce the CV morbidity and mortality associated with RA. This systematic literature review summarizes the data available on the management of CVD risk factors in RA. A total of 61 articles from the most reputable journals published between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed, of which seven papers were selected for in-depth analysis. We tried to eliminate bias using various bias-eliminating tools. This analysis considers the proposed solution for CV risk prevention and management in RA patients. Optimal control of disease activity and persistent monitoring of other factors responsible for increased CV events in RA patients is the ultimate management of CV abnormalities. This study summarizes the recommendations for the management of CV risk factors in patients with RA.
PubMed: 38756324
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58409 -
NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine Feb 2020There is no single source of compiled data on symptoms experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when awake and active throughout the...
There is no single source of compiled data on symptoms experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when awake and active throughout the day. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence, variability, and burden (i.e., bothersomeness and/or intensity), and the impact of daytime COPD symptoms on other outcomes. The review also evaluated the impact of interventions and the measures/tools used to assess daytime COPD symptoms in patients. A systematic literature search was conducted using the primary search terms "COPD", "symptoms", and "daytime" in EMBASE®, MEDLINE®, MEDLINE® In-Process, and CENTRAL in 2016, followed by an additional search in 2018 to capture any new literature that was published since the last search. Fifty-six articles were included in the review. The accumulated evidence indicated that the symptomatic burden of COPD appears greatest in the morning, particularly upon waking, and that these morning symptoms have a substantial impact on patients' ability to function normally through the day; they also worsen quality of life. A wide variety of tools were used to evaluate symptoms across the studies. The literature also confirmed the importance of pharmacotherapy in the management of daytime COPD symptoms, and in helping normalize daily functioning. More research is needed to better understand how COPD symptoms impact daily functioning and to evaluate COPD symptoms at well-defined periods throughout the day, using validated and uniform measures/tools. This will help clinicians to better define patients' needs and take appropriate action.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Circadian Rhythm; Cough; Dyspnea; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Sputum
PubMed: 32081967
DOI: 10.1038/s41533-020-0163-5 -
Journal of Diabetes May 2023To investigate the effectiveness, safety, optimal starting dose, optimal maintenance dose range, and target fasting plasma glucose of five basal insulins in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
To investigate the effectiveness, safety, optimal starting dose, optimal maintenance dose range, and target fasting plasma glucose of five basal insulins in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to February 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was adopted. The registration ID is CRD42022319078 in PROSPERO.
RESULTS
Among 11 163 citations retrieved, 35 publications met the planned criteria. From meta-analyses and network meta-analyses, we found that when injecting basal insulin regimens at bedtime, the optimal choice in order of most to least effective might be glargine U-300 or degludec U-100, glargine U-100 or detemir, followed by neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH). Injecting glargine U-100 in the morning may be more effective (ie, more patients archiving glycated hemoglobin < 7.0%) and lead to fewer hypoglycemic events than injecting it at bedtime. The optimal starting dose for the initiation of any basal insulins can be 0.10-0.20 U/kg/day. There is no eligible evidence to investigate the optimal maintenance dose for basal insulins.
CONCLUSIONS
The five basal insulins are effective for the target population. Glargine U-300, degludec U-100, glargine U-100, and detemir lead to fewer hypoglycemic events than NPH without compromising glycemic control.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin Glargine; Insulin, Long-Acting; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Detemir; Insulin, Isophane
PubMed: 37038616
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13381 -
Clocks & Sleep May 2024Traumatic brain injury (TBI) profoundly affects sleep, mood, and fatigue, impeding daily functioning and recovery. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of... (Review)
Review
Efficacy of Morning Shorter Wavelength Lighting in the Visible (Blue) Range and Broad-Spectrum or Blue-Enriched Bright White Light in Regulating Sleep, Mood, and Fatigue in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) profoundly affects sleep, mood, and fatigue, impeding daily functioning and recovery. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light exposure in mitigating these challenges among TBI patients. Through electronic database searches up to May 2023, studies assessing sleep, circadian rhythm, sleepiness, mood, and fatigue outcomes in TBI patients exposed to morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light were identified. Seven studies involving 309 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated consistent advancement in sleep timing among individuals with mild TBI, alongside improvements in total sleep time, mood, and reduced sleepiness with both types of light exposure, particularly in mild TBI cases. Notably, two studies demonstrated alleviation of fatigue exclusively in severe TBI cases following light exposure. Despite promising findings, evidence remains limited, emphasizing the need for future research with standardized protocols to confirm the potential and optimize the benefits of light therapy for TBI recovery.
PubMed: 38920419
DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020018 -
The Lancet Regional Health. Europe Aug 2021Several studies have suggested a variation of myocardial tolerance to ischaemia depending on the daytime of surgery. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a three-level...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have suggested a variation of myocardial tolerance to ischaemia depending on the daytime of surgery. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a three-level analysis: metaanalysis, national patient-level dataset analysis and a post-hoc trial analysis.
METHODS
We first performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of available studies comparing clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery performed in the morning (am) versus afternoon (pm). Then, we interrogated the UK national adult cardiac surgery audit database (NACSA) and analysed the am or pm outcomes of patients undergoing non-emergency aortic valve replacement (AVR) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In a post-hoc analysis, we further investigated the effect of time of surgery on serum troponin release and ventricular myocardial biopsy adenine nucleotide metabolism.
RESULTS
A total of 18377 patients undergoing uncomplicated isolated CABG or isolated AVR on the same day am or pm were included in the metaanalysis. Meta-analytic estimates showed no difference in the risk of MI between patients operated in pm vs am (OR 1.02, 95% CI:0.79-1.32) and in the risk of mortality (OR 1.1, 95% CI:0.85-1.42). Outcomes of 91248 patients from the NACSA dataset were analysed according to the daytime of the procedure. Patient-level analysis showed no significant effect of daytime for both isolated AVR (p=0.094) and isolated CABG (p=0.425). Finally, we performed a post-hoc trial database analysis in 124 patients undergoing isolated AVR or CABG of serial cardiac troponin and nucleotides metabolism on ventricular myocardial biopsies. We found no significant diurnal changes in the perioperative cardiac troponin release or nucleotide metabolism in the AVR (p=0.30) or the CABG cohort (p=0.97).
CONCLUSION
The present three-level analysis found no evidence that daytime influences clinical outcomes and myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
PubMed: 34557843
DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100140 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Feb 2022Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-h period... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-h period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relation between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the association between chronotype, energy intake, and health status through a meta-analytic approach. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of association between chronotype, energy intake, and health indicators were considered eligible. Overall, 39 observational studies (37 cross-sectional studies, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with a total of 377,797 subjects. By comparing morning and evening subjects, pooled analyses of cross-sectional studies showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of blood glucose [mean difference (MD): 7.82; 95% CI: 3.18, 12.45], glycated hemoglobin (MD: 7.64; 95% CI: 3.08, 12.21), LDL cholesterol (MD: 13.69; 95% CI: 6.84, 20.54), and triglycerides (MD: 12.62; 95% CI: 0.90, 24.35) in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.41), cancer (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and depression (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) was reported. Regarding the other outcomes examined, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of energy intake, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol, and hypertension risk. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile and higher risk of diabetes, cancer, and depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to better elucidate the interplay between chronotype, nutrition, and health status. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021231044.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Energy Intake; Humans; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34549270
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab115