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Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Sep 2021As in other cardiomyopathies, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays an important role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. To understand the pattern and timing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
As in other cardiomyopathies, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays an important role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. To understand the pattern and timing of ECM remodeling pathways, we conducted a systematic review in which we describe protein and mRNA markers for ECM remodeling that are differentially expressed in the hearts of animals with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. We included 68 studies in mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs with follow-up of 0.1-8.2 human equivalent years after anthracycline administration. Using meta-analysis, we found 29 proteins and 11 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy compared to controls. Collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammation markers, transforming growth factor ß signaling markers, and markers for cardiac hypertrophy were upregulated, whereas the protein kinase B (AKT) pro-survival pathway was downregulated. Their expression patterns over time from single time point studies were studied with meta-regression using human equivalent years as the time scale. Connective tissue growth factor showed an early peak in expression but remained upregulated at all studied time points. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and MMP9 protein levels increased in studies with longer follow-up. Significant associations were found for higher atrial natriuretic peptide with interstitial fibrosis and for higher BNP and MMP2 protein levels with left ventricular systolic function.
Topics: Animals; Anthracyclines; Apoptosis; Cardiomyopathies; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Matrix; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibrosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Myocardium; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 34052857
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02098-8 -
Gland Surgery Mar 2021Cheek swelling can be attributed to several pathologies, including masseteric hypertrophy, diffuse inflammatory changes and neoplasia. We report an extremely rare case...
Cheek swelling can be attributed to several pathologies, including masseteric hypertrophy, diffuse inflammatory changes and neoplasia. We report an extremely rare case of bilateral cheek swelling as a result of ectopic parotid glands. This case is a young female patient with bilateral ectopic parotid glands superficial to the masseter muscle and the zygomatic arch, demonstrated by the enhanced computed tomography (CT). Medical history, clinical features, videography and management of this case are described. After two years of observation, no significant change in symptoms was observed on this patient. Besides, we conducted a case report and systematic review of cases of ectopic parotid gland. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid electronic database. A total of 144 papers were retrieved and only one paper was included in the systematic review. In conclusion, bilateral ectopic parotid gland is extremely rare and easily confused with other lumps in the area of head and neck. CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging and parotid sialography allow for noninvasive diagnosis of ectopic parotid gland. If the parotid ectopic is highly suspected and the patient does not have obvious symptoms, conservative treatment and long-term observation follow-up are recommended.
PubMed: 33842261
DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-751 -
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2021To identify, critique and synthesise the research findings that evaluate the use of resistance training (RT) programmes on return to sport outcome measures for people...
OBJECTIVE
To identify, critique and synthesise the research findings that evaluate the use of resistance training (RT) programmes on return to sport outcome measures for people following ACL repair (ACLR).
DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES
This systematic review included a comprehensive search of electronic databases (EBSCO health databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), Scopus and Pedro) performed in June 2020 and was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Studies were appraised using the Downs and Black checklist.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, longitudinal cohort studies and case series were considered for inclusion where an adequate description of the RT intervention was provided as a part of the study's ACLR rehabilitation protocol. Articles that did not include outcome measures related to return to sport criteria were excluded.
RESULTS
Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to appraisal and data extraction. Study quality ranged from poor to excellent. RT intensity varied considerably among studies (between 5% and >80% of one repetition maximum). Only one identified study specifically investigated the effect of a low-intensity versus high-intensity RT protocol. The majority of studies reported participant outcomes that would not meet commonly used return to sport criteria.
CONCLUSION
There appears to be considerable variation in the intensity of RT prescribed in research for people following ACLR. Furthermore, in most of the identified studies, RT protocols promoted muscle endurance and hypertrophy without progressing to strength or power-based RT. The findings of this review provide insight into potential factors limiting returning to sport and contributing to reinjury for people following ACLR.
PubMed: 34422294
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001144 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2020We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the effects of RT for muscle mass. RT significantly increased muscle mass (FFM+LMM+SMM; Δ1.53 kg; 95% CI [1.30, 1.76], < 0.001; I = 0%, = 1.00). Considering the overall effects of the meta-regression, and taking into account the participants' characteristics, none of the studied covariates explained any effect on changes in muscle mass. Regarding the training characteristics, the only significant variable that explained the variance of the hypertrophy was the sets per workout, showing a significant negative interaction (MD; estimate: 1.85, 95% CI [1.45, 2.25], < 0.001; moderator: -0.03 95% CI [-0.05, -0.001] = 0.04). In conclusion, RT has a significant effect on the improvement of hypertrophy (~1.5 kg). The excessive sets per workout affects negatively the muscle mass gain.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Resistance Training
PubMed: 32079265
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041285 -
Nutrients May 2020β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM. Databases consulted were: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SportDiscus. Fourteen studies fit the inclusion criteria; however, 11 were analyzed after data extraction and funnel plot analysis exclusion. A total of 302 participants (18-45 y) were included in body mass and composition analysis, and 248 were included in the strength analysis. A significant effect was found on TBM. However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes. We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET. Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Leucine; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training; Sensitivity and Specificity; Valerates; Young Adult
PubMed: 32456217
DOI: 10.3390/nu12051523 -
International Journal of Sports... Apr 2020Exercise training (ET) with blood flow restriction (BFR) is becoming increasingly popular, but the majority of BFR ET studies have evaluated skeletal muscle strength and...
BACKGROUND
Exercise training (ET) with blood flow restriction (BFR) is becoming increasingly popular, but the majority of BFR ET studies have evaluated skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy. The favorable effect of BFR ET on skeletal muscle and the vasculature appears to improve aerobic capacity (AC) although conflicting results have been observed.Purpose: The purposes of this systematic review with meta- analysis were to examine the effects of aerobic ET with and without BFR on AC and to compare the effect of low-to-moderate aerobic ET with and without BFR to high-intensity aerobic ET with and without BFR on AC.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.
METHODS
A comprehensive search for studies examining the effects of aerobic ET with and without BFR on AC was performed. Inclusion criteria were: (a) the study was conducted in healthy individuals, (b) there was random allocation of study participants to training and control groups, (c) BFR was the sole intervention difference between the groups.
RESULTS
A total of seven studies (5 low-to-moderate ET and 2 high-intensity ET) were included in the meta-analysis providing data from 121 subjects. There was a significant standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.38 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.75) in AC between the BFR and non-BFR groups of all seven studies (z = 2.01; p = 0.04). Separate analyses of the five low-to-moderate aerobic ET studies found similar results with aerobic ET with BFR eliciting a significantly greater AC (z = 2.47; p=0.01) than aerobic ET without BFR (SMD of 0.57; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.01). Separate analyses of the two high-intensity aerobic ET studies with and without BFR found no significant difference in AC between the groups (SMD of - 0.01; 95% CI = - 0.67, 0.64).
CONCLUSION
Aerobic ET with BFR elicits a significantly greater AC than aerobic ET without BFR in healthy young adults. However, low-to-moderate intensity aerobic ET with BFR elicited a greater improvement in AC than aerobic ET without BFR while high-intensity aerobic ET with BFR did not elicit an improvement in AC over high-intensity aerobic ET without BFR.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
1a.
PubMed: 32269850
DOI: No ID Found