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Journal of Translational Medicine Oct 2023Myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term disabling illness without a medically explained cause. Recently during COVID-19 pandemic, many... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term disabling illness without a medically explained cause. Recently during COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have confirmed the symptoms similar to ME/CFS in the recovered individuals. To investigate the virus-related etiopathogenesis of ME/CFS, we conducted a systematic assessment of viral infection frequency in ME/CFS patients.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library from their inception through December 31, 2022, using selection criteria of viral infection prevalence in ME/CFS patients and controls. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the extent of viral infections' contribution to ME/CFS by comparing the odds ratio between ME/CFS patients and controls (healthy and/or diseased).
RESULTS
Finally, 64 studies met our eligibility criteria regarding 18 species of viruses, including a total of 4971 ME/CFS patients and 9221 control subjects. The participants included healthy subjects and individuals with one of 10 diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or fibromyalgia. Two DNA viruses (human herpes virus (HHV)-7 and parvovirus B19, including their co-infection) and 3 RNA viruses (borna disease virus (BDV), enterovirus and coxsackie B virus) showed odds ratios greater than 2.0 compared with healthy and/or diseased subjects. Specifically, BDV exceeded the cutoff with an odds ratio of ≥ 3.47 (indicating a "moderate association" by Cohen's d test) compared to both healthy and diseased controls.
CONCLUSION
This study comprehensively evaluated the risk of viral infections associated with ME/CFS, and identified BDV. These results provide valuable reference data for future studies investigating the role of viruses in the causation of ME/CFS.
Topics: Humans; Encephalitis; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Fibromyalgia; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 37898798
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04635-0 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2023Viral reactivations and co-infections have been reported among COVID-19 patients. However, studies on the clinical outcomes of different viral reactivations and...
BACKGROUND
Viral reactivations and co-infections have been reported among COVID-19 patients. However, studies on the clinical outcomes of different viral reactivations and co-infections are currently in limit. Thus, the primary purpose of this review is to perform an overarching investigation on the cases of latent virus reactivation and co-infection in COVID-19 patients to build collective evidence contributing to improving patient health. The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review to compare the patient characteristics and outcomes of reactivations and co-infections of different viruses.
METHODS
Our population of interest included confirmed COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed with a viral infection either concurrently or following their COVID-19 diagnosis. We extracted the relevant literature through a systematic search using the key terms in the online databases including the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), from inception onwards up to June 2022. The authors independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed the risk of bias using the Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting (CARE) guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Main patient characteristics, frequency of each manifestation, and diagnostic criteria used in studies were summarized in tables.
RESULTS
In total, 53 articles were included in this review. We identified 40 reactivation studies, 8 coinfection studies, and 5 studies where concomitant infection in COVID-19 patients was not distinguished as either reactivation or coinfection. Data were extracted for 12 viruses including IAV, IBV, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8, HBV, and Parvovirus B19. EBV, HHV-1, and CMV were most frequently observed within the reactivation cohort, whereas IAV and EBV within the coinfection cohort. In both reactivation and coinfection groups, patients reported cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and immunosuppression as comorbidities, acute kidney injury as complication, and lymphopenia and elevated D-dimer and CRP levels from blood tests. Common pharmaceutical interventions in two groups included steroids and antivirals.
CONCLUSION
Overall, these findings expand our knowledge on the characteristics of COVID-19 patients with viral reactivations and co-infections. Our experience with current review indicates a need for further investigations on virus reactivation and coinfection among COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Humans; Coinfection; COVID-19 Testing; COVID-19; Virus Diseases; Cytomegalovirus Infections
PubMed: 37101275
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08117-y -
Asian Journal of Transfusion Science 2021Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the blood-borne viruses. The virus can be transmitted to susceptible individuals by blood or blood products. The virus is not... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the blood-borne viruses. The virus can be transmitted to susceptible individuals by blood or blood products. The virus is not associated with significant disease in general population, while people with underlying problems such as immunodeficiency can cause anemia and arthritis. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgG, and anti-B19V IgM antibodies in blood donors worldwide.
METHODS
A systematic search was carried out in online databases for relevant studies from inception until March 30, 2019. Study selection was performed based on predesigned eligibility criteria. The proportion of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgG, and anti-B19V IgM antibodies were pooled using the inverse variance method. All statistical analyses were performed using the R version 3.5.3, package "meta."
RESULTS
According to the random-effects model, the pool prevalence of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgM, and anti-B19V IgG among blood donors was calculated to be 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.3%-0.6%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.3%-3.7%), and 50.1% (95% CI = 43.1%-57.1%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
For the transmission of B19V through blood, the presence of the virus genome is required, and the present study showed that the prevalence of the virus genome in blood donors is <1%. Therefore, there is no need to screen donated blood for B19V infection.
PubMed: 34908757
DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_185_20 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2021A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus enhances the risk of virus infections compared with the risk in healthy individuals without non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed case-control and cohort studies on the association between non-autoimmune diabetes and viruses. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science with no language restriction, to identify articles published until February 15, 2021. The main outcome assessment was the risk of virus infection in individuals with non-autoimmune diabetes. We used a random-effects model to pool individual studies and assessed heterogeneity (I) using the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019134142. Out of 3136 articles identified, we included 68 articles (90 studies, as the number of virus and or diabetes phenotype varied between included articles). The summary OR between non-autoimmune diabetes and virus infections risk were, 10.8(95% CI: 10.3-11.4; 1-study) for SARS-CoV-2; 3.6(95%CI: 2.7-4.9, I = 91.7%; 43-studies) for HCV; 2.7(95% CI: 1.3-5.4, I = 89.9%, 8-studies;) for HHV8; 2.1(95% CI: 1.7-2.5; 1-study) for H1N1 virus; 1.6(95% CI: 1.2-2.13, I = 98.3%, 27-studies) for HBV; 1.5(95% CI: 1.1-2.0; 1-study) for HSV1; 3.5(95% CI: 0.6-18.3 , I = 83.9%, 5-studies) for CMV; 2.9(95% CI: 1-8.7, 1-study) for TTV; 2.6(95% CI: 0.7-9.1, 1-study) for Parvovirus B19; 0.7(95% CI: 0.3-1.5 , 1-study) for coxsackie B virus; and 0.2(95% CI: 0-6.2; 1-study) for HGV. Our findings suggest that, non-autoimmune diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to viruses especially SARS-CoV-2, HCV, HHV8, H1N1 virus, HBV and HSV1. Thus, these viruses deserve more attention from diabetes health-care providers, researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders for improved detection, overall proper management, and efficient control of viruses in people with non-autoimmune diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33903699
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88598-6 -
BMJ Open Jul 2020The aetiology and burden of viral-induced acute liver failure remains unclear globally. It is important to understand the epidemiology of viral-induced ALF to plan for...
OBJECTIVES
The aetiology and burden of viral-induced acute liver failure remains unclear globally. It is important to understand the epidemiology of viral-induced ALF to plan for clinical case management and case prevention.
PARTICIPANTS
This systematic review was conducted to synthesize data on the relative contribution of different viruses to the aetiology of viral-induced acute liver failure in an attempt to compile evidence that is currently missing in the field. EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2009 to 2019. The initial search was run on 9 April 2019 and updated via PubMed on 30 September 2019 with no new eligible studies to include. Twenty-five eligible studies were included in the results of this review.
RESULTS
This systematic review estimated the burden of acute liver failure after infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, herpes simplex virus/human herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19. Data were largely missing for acute liver failure after infection with varicella-zostervirus, human parainfluenza viruses, yellow fever virus, coxsackievirus and/or adenovirus. The prevalence of hepatitis A-induced acute liver failur was markedly lower in countries with routine hepatitis A immunisation versus no routine hepatitis A immunisation. Hepatitis E virus was the most common aetiological cause of viral-induced acute liver failure reported in this review. In addition, viral-induced acute liver failure had poor outcomes as indicated by high fatality rates, which appear to increase with poor economic status of the studied countries.
CONCLUSIONS
Immunisation against hepatitis A and hepatitis B should be prioritised in low-income and middle-income countries to prevent high viral-induced acute liver failure mortality rates, especially in settings where resources for managing acute liver failure are lacking. The expanded use of hepatitis E immunisation should be explored as hepatitis E virus was the most common cause of acute liver failure.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017079730.
Topics: Cytomegalovirus; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 32690747
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037473 -
Virology Journal Dec 2020Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention; however, the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 have not been systematically evaluated and analyzed in mainland China. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in domestic dogs in mainland China.
METHODS
In this study, Chinese and English literature on CPV-2 epidemiology published between January 2006 and December 2019 was evaluated. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% of confidence interval. The number of CPV-2 infections was identified and the pooled prevalence of infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, was calculated using meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 39 studies (data from 137,844 dogs) met the evaluation criteria and were used in our study. The pooled prevalence of CPV-2 infection in mainland China was 36%. CPV-2 infection were associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender, publication time and diagnostic methods.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in China. It is therefore necessary to carry out continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CPV-2. In addition, accordingly, effective measures should be taken to prevent the transmission and spread of CPV-2 among the Chinese dog population.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Pets; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 33308261
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01462-3 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Dec 2019To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia, in untransfused and transfused fetuses.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify relevant observational studies reported in the period 2008-2018 that evaluated the performance of MCA-PSV, using a threshold of 1.5 MoM for the prediction of fetal anemia. Diagnosis of fetal anemia by blood sampling was the reference standard. A hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics (hSROC) curve was constructed using random-effects modeling. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses, according to the number of previous intrauterine transfusions, were performed.
RESULTS
Twelve studies and 696 fetuses were included in the meta-analysis. The area under the hSROC curve (AUC) for moderate-severe anemia was 83%. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 79% (70-86%) and 73% (62-82%), respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.94 (95% CI, 2.13-4.00) and 0.272 (95% CI, 0.188-0.371). When considering only untransfused fetuses, prediction improved, achieving an AUC of 87%, sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 75-93%) and specificity of 71% (95% CI, 49-87%). A decline in sensitivity for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia by MCA-PSV ≥1.5 MoM was observed (estimate, -5.5% (95% CI, -10.7 to -0.3%), P = 0.039) as the number of previous transfusions increased.
CONCLUSIONS
MCA-PSV ≥ 1.5 MoM for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia in untransfused fetuses shows moderate accuracy (86% sensitivity and 71% specificity), which declines with increasing number of intrauterine transfusions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Anemia; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Middle Cerebral Artery; Observational Studies as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 30932276
DOI: 10.1002/uog.20273 -
Journal of Emergency Nursing Jul 2022Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is historically more commonly found in children after certain viral infections such as Epstein-Barr, varicella virus, and parvovirus B19....
INTRODUCTION
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is historically more commonly found in children after certain viral infections such as Epstein-Barr, varicella virus, and parvovirus B19. COVID-19 has not been formally established in literature as a trigger for immunoglobulin A vasculitis. However, a main pathogenetic mechanism of COVID-19 is vascular damage, which makes it likely that vasculitis associated with COVID-19 (ie, COVID-19-mediated immunoglobulin A vasculitis) could be biologically plausible, with serious implications, especially for adults. The purpose of this review is to assist emergency nurses in gaining knowledge on the pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment of COVID-19-mediated immunoglobulin A vasculitis.
METHODS
A systematic search for case reports of COVID-19-associated immunoglobulin A vasculitis was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases. The search terms used were COVID-19, coronavirus 2019, SARS COVID-19, and IgA vasculitis, case reports. The following were the inclusion criteria: publication dates between December 1, 2019, and December 1, 2021; full-text article, clinical case studies, and letters to the editor available electronically in English. The following were exclusion criteria: a summary of reports and newspaper publications.
RESULTS
Only 13 clinical cases met the inclusion criteria. The median age of patients described in the case reports were 38.1 years. Of them, 3 children were less than 5 years old. Twelve patients were male. In 7 of 13 cases of immunoglobulin A vasculitis, renal involvement was found.
DISCUSSION
The analysis of published clinical cases showed that COVID-19-associated immunoglobulin A vasculitis affected mostly adults and was characterized by a more severe course because of renal involvement. COVID-19 may be a possible trigger for immunoglobulin A-related disorders. More research is needed to better understand the relationship between immunoglobulin A vasculitis and COVID-19.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Immunoglobulin A; Male; Vasculitis
PubMed: 35691763
DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.05.002 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Jan 2021Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically. Hence, this review gives the clinicians a future direction to be vigilant for... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically. Hence, this review gives the clinicians a future direction to be vigilant for skin presentations during pandemics. The Pubmed database used for literature search with keywords COVID 19, children, and skin in different combinations. Articles published in English with cases of age one month to 18 years were eligible. The outcome included varied aspects of cutaneous and COVID 19 infection. The authors did not register review protocol. Of 51 publications identified, 13 studies containing 149 children met the eligibility criteria. Acrally located erythematous maculopapular lesion was the most common finding in 138 children. The researcher reported Erythema multiforme, varicella like exanthem, and Kawasaki disease like presentations in the rest of the cases. The duration of the skin lesion was 1 2 weeks in 43%. Skin biopsy done in 18 patients revealed superficial and deep perivascular and peri eccrine lymphocytic infiltrate and lymphocytic vasculitis. RT PCR was positive13.8% cases. Serological markers for HSV, parvovirus B19 analyzed across various studies, were negative, except positive mycoplasma pneumonia in 2 of 20 cases tested. Clinicopathologic analysis established chilblains like lesion in 43% cases with no confirmed etiology like cold exposure, autoimmune dysfunction, drug reaction, or viral infection. The usual cephalo caudal spread of a viral exanthem was also missing. However, a low number of discussed cases was a limitation of the study. The absence of any confirmed etiology for such cutaneous manifestations, the possibility of COVID 19, should be explored and thoroughly evaluated and isolated during such a pandemic.
PubMed: 34017709
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1389_20 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Viruses cause various human diseases, some of which become pandemic outbreaks. This study synthesized evidence on antiviral medicinal plants in Africa which could... (Review)
Review
Viruses cause various human diseases, some of which become pandemic outbreaks. This study synthesized evidence on antiviral medicinal plants in Africa which could potentially be further studied for viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. PUBMED, CINAHIL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched through keywords; antiviral, plant, herb, and Africa were combined using "AND" and "OR". studies, studies, or clinical trials on botanical medicine used for the treatment of viruses in Africa were included. Thirty-six studies were included in the evidence synthesis. Three hundred and twenty-eight plants were screened for antiviral activities of which 127 showed noteworthy activities against 25 viral species. These, were Poliovirus (42 plants), HSV (34 plants), Coxsackievirus (16 plants), Rhinovirus (14plants), Influenza (12 plants), Astrovirus (11 plants), SARS-CoV-2 (10 plants), HIV (10 plants), Echovirus (8 plants), Parvovirus (6 plants), Semiliki forest virus (5 plants), Measles virus (5 plants), Hepatitis virus (3 plants), Canine distemper virus (3 plants), Zika virus (2 plants), Vesicular stomatitis virus T2 (2 plants). Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), Enterovirus, Dengue virus, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Human cytomegalovirus each showed sensitivities to one plant. The current study provided a list of African medicinal plants which demonstrated antiviral activities and could potentially be candidates for COVID-19 treatment. However, all studies were preliminary and screening. Further are required for plant-based management of viral diseases.
PubMed: 35002686
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682794