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Aesthetic Surgery Journal Apr 2022Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are a popular non-surgical procedure for facial rejuvenation. Its increase in popularity and utilization is met with limited... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are a popular non-surgical procedure for facial rejuvenation. Its increase in popularity and utilization is met with limited regulations, potentially posing a significant risk to patient safety and public health.
OBJECTIVES
The authors sought to assess the safety profile of cosmetic glabellar and forehead BoNT-A injections and evaluate BoNT-A type on complication rate.
METHODS
A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed for studies reporting complications after cosmetic BoNT-A in the glabellar or in the forehead region in the glabellar or in the forehead region. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out to assess complication rate. Where there were sufficient randomized-controlled trials, a network meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Of 556 identified articles, 24 were included in the final quantitative analysis, with 4268 BoNT-A injection sessions and 1234 placebos. Frequently observed treatment-related complications in the BoNT-A intervention group included headache, local skin reactions, and facial neuromuscular symptoms. The overall BoNT-A complication rate was 16%. The odds ratio of developing complications from abobotulinum toxin injections compared with placebo was 1.62 (1.15, 2.27; P > 0.05) and that from onabotulinum toxin injections compared with placebo was 1.34 (0.52, 3.48; P > 0.05). In 30% of the studies, the injectors were doctors, whereas the training status of the practitioner was not reported in the remaining 70%.
CONCLUSIONS
Cosmetic BoNT-A injections in the glabellar and forehead region appear to be safe, and most complications are mild and transient. Nevertheless, the literature demonstrates heterogeneous reporting of complications and a lack of consistency of the definition of treatment-related complications.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Face; Forehead; Humans; Neuromuscular Agents; Skin Aging
PubMed: 35178552
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac036 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020In conditions of intensive therapy, where the patients treated are in a critical condition, alarms are omnipresent. Nurses, as they spend most of their time with...
BACKGROUND
In conditions of intensive therapy, where the patients treated are in a critical condition, alarms are omnipresent. Nurses, as they spend most of their time with patients, monitoring their condition 24 h, are particularly exposed to so-called alarm fatigue. The purpose of this study is to review the literature available on the perception of clinical alarms by nursing personnel and its impact on work in the ICU environment.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was carried out according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The content of electronic databases was searched through, i.e., PubMed, OVID, EBSCO, ProQuest Nursery, and Cochrane Library. The keywords used in the search included: "intensive care unit," "nurse," "alarm fatigue," "workload," and "clinical alarm." The review also covered studies carried out among nurses employed at an adult intensive care unit. Finally, seven publications were taken into consideration. Data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively, calculating a weighted average for specific synthetized data.
RESULTS
In the analyzed studies, 389 nurses were tested, working in different intensive care units. Two studies were based on a quality model, while the other five described the problem of alarms in terms of quantity, based on the HTF (Healthcare Technology Foundation) questionnaire. Intensive care nurses think that alarms are burdensome and too frequent, interfering with caring for patients and causing reduced trust in alarm systems. They feel overburdened with an excessive amount of duties and a continuous wave of alarms. Having to operate modern equipment, which is becoming more and more advanced, takes time that nurses would prefer to dedicate to their patients. There is no clear system for managing the alarms of monitoring devices.
CONCLUSION
Alarm fatigue may have serious consequences, both for patients and for nursing personnel. It is necessary to introduce a strategy of alarm management and for measuring the alarm fatigue level.
Topics: Adult; Clinical Alarms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Monitoring, Physiologic; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 33202907
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228409 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2023Healthcare-associated infection is one of the most common and severe threats to patients' health and remains a significant challenge for healthcare providers. Among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Healthcare-associated infection is one of the most common and severe threats to patients' health and remains a significant challenge for healthcare providers. Among healthcare-associated infections, urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections. This study aimed to determine the global incidence of UTI among patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was used to perform this systematic review and meta-analysis. The articles were searched from April 4 to August 5, 2022, from electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and MedNar) using Boolean logic operators, MeSH terms, and keywords. The quality of the study was assessed using the JBI Critical Assessment tool. One thousand nine ninety three articles were retrieved from the electronic databases, of which 38 articles conducted on 981 221 patients were included in the current study. The study found the global pooled incidence of UTI accounted for 1.6%. Based on the subgroup analysis by survey period and WHO region, the highest incidence of UTI was reported in the African Region [3.6%] and among studies conducted between 1996 and 2001 [3.7%]. This study revealed the overall pooled incidence of UTI was 1.6%. The highest incidence of UTI (3.6%) was reported in the African region. This indicates that there is a need to implement safety measures.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Urinary Tract Infections; Cross Infection; Databases, Factual; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37096884
DOI: 10.1177/00469580231168746 -
JAMA Jan 2020The tort liability system is intended to serve 3 functions: compensate patients who sustain injury from negligence, provide corrective justice, and deter negligence....
IMPORTANCE
The tort liability system is intended to serve 3 functions: compensate patients who sustain injury from negligence, provide corrective justice, and deter negligence. Deterrence, in theory, occurs because clinicians know that they may experience adverse consequences if they negligently injure patients.
OBJECTIVE
To review empirical findings regarding the association between malpractice liability risk (ie, the extent to which clinicians face the threat of being sued and having to pay damages) and health care quality and safety.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION
Systematic search of multiple databases for studies published between January 1, 1990, and November 25, 2019, examining the relationship between malpractice liability risk measures and health outcomes or structural and process indicators of health care quality.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Information on the exposure and outcome measures, results, and acknowledged limitations was extracted by 2 reviewers. Meta-analytic pooling was not possible due to variations in study designs; therefore, studies were summarized descriptively and assessed qualitatively.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Associations between malpractice risk measures and health care quality and safety outcomes. Exposure measures included physicians' malpractice insurance premiums, state tort reforms, frequency of paid claims, average claim payment, physicians' claims history, total malpractice payments, jury awards, the presence of an immunity from malpractice liability, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Medicare malpractice geographic practice cost index, and composite measures combining these measures. Outcome measures included patient mortality; hospital readmissions, avoidable admissions, and prolonged length of stay; receipt of cancer screening; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators and other measures of adverse events; measures of hospital and nursing home quality; and patient satisfaction.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies were included; 28 examined hospital care only and 16 focused on obstetrical care. Among obstetrical care studies, 9 found no significant association between liability risk and outcomes (such as Apgar score and birth injuries) and 7 found limited evidence for an association. Among 20 studies of patient mortality in nonobstetrical care settings, 15 found no evidence of an association with liability risk and 5 found limited evidence. Among 7 studies that examined hospital readmissions and avoidable initial hospitalizations, none found evidence of an association between liability risk and outcomes. Among 12 studies of other measures (eg, patient safety indicators, process-of-care quality measures, patient satisfaction), 7 found no association between liability risk and these outcomes and 5 identified significant associations in some analyses.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this systematic review, most studies found no association between measures of malpractice liability risk and health care quality and outcomes. Although gaps in the evidence remain, the available findings suggested that greater tort liability, at least in its current form, was not associated with improved quality of care.
Topics: Humans; Insurance, Liability; Liability, Legal; Malpractice; Obstetrics; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 31990319
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.21411 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Sep 2020This meta-analysis evaluated the safety, feasibility and effect of exercise among individuals with colorectal cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis evaluated the safety, feasibility and effect of exercise among individuals with colorectal cancer.
METHODS
A database search (CINAHL, Ebscohost, MEDLINE, Pubmed, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, ProQuest Nursing, Science Direct) for randomised, controlled, exercise trials involving individuals with colorectal cancer, published before January 1, 2020 was undertaken. Safety (adverse events), feasibility (withdrawal and adherence rates) and effect data (health outcomes including quality of life, QoL) were abstracted. Risk difference (RD) and standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated to compare safety and effects between exercise and usual care (UC). Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether outcomes differed by exercise mode, duration, supervision and treatment. Risk of bias was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool.
RESULTS
For the 19 trials included, there was no difference in adverse event risk between exercise and UC (RD = 0.00; 95% CI:-0.01, 0.01, p = 0.92). Median withdrawal rate was 12% (0-22%) and adherence was 86% (42-91%). Significant effects of exercise compared to UC were observed for QoL, fatigue, aerobic fitness, upper-body strength, depression, sleep and reduced body fat (SMD = 0.21-0.66, p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses suggested larger benefits (p < 0.05) for QoL and fatigue for supervised interventions; for QoL, aerobic fitness and reduced body fat for ≥12-week interventions; and for aerobic fitness when interventions were during chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Although reporting of safety and compliance data was lacking in most trials, findings support that exercise is safe and feasible in colorectal cancer. Further, participation in mixed-mode exercise, including unsupervised exercise, leads to improvements in various health-related outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Safety; Quality of Life; Treatment Adherence and Compliance
PubMed: 32972439
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01021-7 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 2019To systematically quantify the prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across a range of medical settings globally. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically quantify the prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across a range of medical settings globally.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cinahl and Embase, WHOLIS, Google Scholar, and SIGLE from January 2000 to January 2019. The reference lists of eligible studies and other relevant systematic reviews were also searched.
REVIEW METHODS
Observational studies reporting preventable patient harm in medical care. The core outcomes were the prevalence, severity, and types of preventable patient harm reported as percentages and their 95% confidence intervals. Data extraction and critical appraisal were undertaken by two reviewers working independently. Random effects meta-analysis was employed followed by univariable and multivariable meta regression. Heterogeneity was quantified by using the I statistic, and publication bias was evaluated.
RESULTS
Of the 7313 records identified, 70 studies involving 337 025 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence for preventable patient harm was 6% (95% confidence interval 5% to 7%). A pooled proportion of 12% (9% to 15%) of preventable patient harm was severe or led to death. Incidents related to drugs (25%, 95% confidence interval 16% to 34%) and other treatments (24%, 21% to 30%) accounted for the largest proportion of preventable patient harm. Compared with general hospitals (where most evidence originated), preventable patient harm was more prevalent in advanced specialties (intensive care or surgery; regression coefficient b=0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.10).
CONCLUSIONS
Around one in 20 patients are exposed to preventable harm in medical care. Although a focus on preventable patient harm has been encouraged by the international patient safety policy agenda, there are limited quality improvement practices specifically targeting incidents of preventable patient harm rather than overall patient harm (preventable and non-preventable). Developing and implementing evidence-based mitigation strategies specifically targeting preventable patient harm could lead to major service quality improvements in medical care which could also be more cost effective.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Patient Harm; Patient Safety; Prevalence; Quality Improvement; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 31315828
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4185 -
Toxins Feb 2021Botulinum toxin is a superfamily of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum with well-established efficacy and safety profile in focal idiopathic...
Botulinum toxin is a superfamily of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum with well-established efficacy and safety profile in focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis. Recently, botulinum toxins have also been used in many other skin diseases, in off label regimen. The objective of this manuscript is to review and analyze the main therapeutic applications of botulinum toxins in skin diseases. A systematic review of the published data was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Botulinum toxins present several label and off-label indications of interest for dermatologists. The best-reported evidence concerns focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis, Raynaud phenomenon, suppurative hidradenitis, Hailey-Hailey disease, epidermolysis bullosa simplex Weber-Cockayne type, Darier's disease, pachyonychia congenita, aquagenic keratoderma, alopecia, psoriasis, notalgia paresthetica, facial erythema and flushing, and oily skin. Further clinical trials are still needed to better understand the real efficacy and safety of these applications and to standardize injection and doses protocols for off label applications.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins; Dermatologic Agents; Dermatology; Female; Humans; Male; Off-Label Use; Patient Safety; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33562846
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020120 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2021The aim of this study was to identify what parts of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) are working, what can be done to make it more... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to identify what parts of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) are working, what can be done to make it more effective, and to determine if it achieved its intended effect relative to its design and intended use.
STUDY DESIGN
We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis and meta-meta-analyses of findings in WHO SSC systematic reviews following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
Twenty systematic reviews were included for qualitative thematic analysis. Narrative information was coded in 4 primary areas with a focus on impact of the WHO SSC. Four themes-Clinical Outcomes, Process Measures, Team Dynamics and Communication, and Safety Culture-pertained directly to the aims or purposes behind the development of the SSC. The other 2 themes-Efficiency and Workload involved in using the checklist and Checklist Impact on Institutional Practices-are associated with SSC use, but were not focal areas considered during its development. Included in the 20 systematic reviews were 24 unique observational cohort studies that reported pre-post data on a total of 18 clinical outcomes. Mortality, morbidity, surgical site infection, pneumonia, unplanned return to the operating room, urinary tract infection, blood loss requiring transfusion, unplanned intubation, and sepsis favored the use of the WHO SSC. Deep vein thrombosis was the only postoperative outcome assessed that did not favor use of the WHO SSC.
CONCLUSIONS
The WHO SSC positively impacts the things it was explicitly designed to address and does not positively impact things it was not explicitly designed for.
Topics: Checklist; Humans; Operating Rooms; Patient Safety; Postoperative Complications; Process Assessment, Health Care; Qualitative Research; Safety Management; Surgical Procedures, Operative; World Health Organization
PubMed: 34592406
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.692 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Oct 2019Whether health care provider burnout contributes to lower quality of patient care is unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Whether health care provider burnout contributes to lower quality of patient care is unclear.
PURPOSE
To estimate the overall relationship between burnout and quality of care and to evaluate whether published studies provide exaggerated estimates of this relationship.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments (EBSCO), Mental Measurements Yearbook (EBSCO), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), with no language restrictions, from inception through 28 May 2019.
STUDY SELECTION
Peer-reviewed publications, in any language, quantifying health care provider burnout in relation to quality of patient care.
DATA EXTRACTION
2 reviewers independently selected studies, extracted measures of association of burnout and quality of care, and assessed potential bias by using the Ioannidis (excess significance) and Egger (small-study effect) tests.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of 11 703 citations were identified, from which 123 publications with 142 study populations encompassing 241 553 health care providers were selected. Quality-of-care outcomes were grouped into 5 categories: best practices (n = 14), communication (n = 5), medical errors (n = 32), patient outcomes (n = 17), and quality and safety (n = 74). Relations between burnout and quality of care were highly heterogeneous (I2 = 93.4% to 98.8%). Of 114 unique burnout-quality combinations, 58 indicated burnout related to poor-quality care, 6 indicated burnout related to high-quality care, and 50 showed no significant effect. Excess significance was apparent (73% of studies observed vs. 62% predicted to have statistically significant results; P = 0.011). This indicator of potential bias was most prominent for the least-rigorous quality measures of best practices and quality and safety.
LIMITATION
Studies were primarily observational; neither causality nor directionality could be determined.
CONCLUSION
Burnout in health care professionals frequently is associated with poor-quality care in the published literature. The true effect size may be smaller than reported. Future studies should prespecify outcomes to reduce the risk for exaggerated effect size estimates.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Health Personnel; Humans; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 31590181
DOI: 10.7326/M19-1152 -
BMJ Quality & Safety Aug 2022Patients recovering from an episode in an intensive care unit (ICU) frequently experience medication errors on transition to the hospital ward. Structured handover... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Medication-related interventions to improve medication safety and patient outcomes on transition from adult intensive care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Patients recovering from an episode in an intensive care unit (ICU) frequently experience medication errors on transition to the hospital ward. Structured handover recommendations often underestimate the challenges and complexity of ICU patient transitions. For adult ICU patients transitioning to a hospital ward, it is currently unclear what interventions reduce the risks of medication errors.The aims were to examine the impact of medication-related interventions on medication and patient outcomes on transition from adult ICU settings and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.
METHODS
The systematic review protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO. Six electronic databases were searched until October 2020 for controlled and uncontrolled study designs that reported medication-related (ie, de-prescribing; medication errors) or patient-related outcomes (ie, mortality; length of stay). Risk of bias (RoB) assessment used V.2.0 and ROBINS-I Cochrane tools. Where feasible, random-effects meta-analysis was used for pooling the OR across studies. The quality of evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were eligible, 15 (88%) were uncontrolled before-after studies. The intervention components included education of staff (n=8 studies), medication review (n=7), guidelines (n=6), electronic transfer/handover tool or letter (n=4) and medicines reconciliation (n=4). Overall, pooled analysis of all interventions reduced risk of inappropriate medication continuation at ICU discharge (OR=0.45 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.63), I=55%, n=9) and hospital discharge (OR=0.39 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.76), I=75%, n=9). Multicomponent interventions, based on education of staff and guidelines, demonstrated no significant difference in inappropriate medication continuation at the ICU discharge point (OR 0.5 (95% CI 0.22 to 1.11), I=62%, n=4), but were very effective in increasing de-prescribing outcomes on hospital discharge (OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.55), I=67%, n=6)). Facilitators to intervention delivery included ICU clinical pharmacist availability and participation in multiprofessional ward rounds, while barriers included increased workload associated with the discharge intervention process.
CONCLUSIONS
Multicomponent interventions based on education of staff and guidelines were effective at achieving almost four times more de-prescribing of inappropriate medication by the time of patient hospital discharge. Based on the findings, practice and policy recommendations are made and guidance is provided on the need for, and design of theory informed interventions in this area, including the requirement for process and economic evaluations.
Topics: Adult; Critical Care; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Medication Errors; Patient Discharge; Pharmacists
PubMed: 35042765
DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013760