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International Journal of Legal Medicine Jan 2022The global Covid-19 pandemic has forced forensic dentists to improve infection control methods. This search investigated the practical utilization of different 3D... (Review)
Review
The global Covid-19 pandemic has forced forensic dentists to improve infection control methods. This search investigated the practical utilization of different 3D scanners to record and to analyze bite marks in the skin- and inanimate objects with this aim in mind. A systematic review of the literature using keywords like "human bite mark", "bite mark analyzes", "3D analyzes", "3D scanning", "forensic odontology", and "forensic dentistry" was performed in three scientific databases: MEDLINEOvid®, Pubmed® and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 263 full-text articles, of which 15 were considered eligible and current within the last 10 years. 3D scanners and computer-assisted human bite mark analyzes showed potential advantages and can be effectively used in forensic odontology on skin and inanimate objects. These technologies minimize the number of people being exposed to pathogens, simplify the chain of evidence, facilitate immediate information exchange between the team members and enable the virtual presentation of the expert witnesses in a court of law.
Topics: Bites, Human; COVID-19; Computers; Forensic Dentistry; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infection Control; Pandemics
PubMed: 34302214
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02667-z -
BMJ Open Feb 2022The application of case-based learning (CBL) pedagogy has been emerging as an improved and more practical learning method across the Chinese dental education system.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The application of case-based learning (CBL) pedagogy has been emerging as an improved and more practical learning method across the Chinese dental education system. This article provides a critical overview of CBL pedagogy and further assesses the effectiveness of this teaching model in Chinese dental education.
DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Studies published up to December 2019 were searched in the following electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science Periodical Database, Chinese Biomedical documental database, Wanfang data, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of the CBL teaching model and the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) model in all dental disciplines were included. The assessment of methodological quality was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and the meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan V.5.3 RESULTS: A total of 30 RCTs were finally included, with a total sample size of 2356 dental students. The CBL pedagogy significantly increased knowledge scores (standardised mean difference (SMD)=1.58, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.20, p<0.0001), skill scores (SMD=1.22, 95% CI: 0.34 to 2.11, p<0.0001), comprehensive ability scores (SMD=1.91, 95% CI: 1.74 to 4.07, p<0.0001) and teaching satisfaction (risk ratio=1.38; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65; p0.01) compared with the LBL teaching model among the dental students. Additionally, a subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of CBL on knowledge scores, skill scores and comprehensive ability scores when comparing theoretical and practical courses.
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis and systematic review of the eligible literature showed that the CBL pedagogy in Chinese dental education is an effective way to increase knowledge scores, skill scores, comprehensive ability scores and teaching satisfaction. Successful adaptation of this teaching model could solve the scarcity of highly skilled and professional dentists in dental schools and hospitals across China.
Topics: Asian People; China; Education, Dental; Humans; Knowledge; Problem-Based Learning
PubMed: 35190409
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048497 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Mar 2022Dentists have a wide variety of techniques available to them such as tell -show-do, relaxation, distraction, systematic desensitisation, modelling, audio analgesia,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of Audio and Audio-Visual Distraction Aids for Management of Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental Treatment- A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis.
UNLABELLED
Dentists have a wide variety of techniques available to them such as tell -show-do, relaxation, distraction, systematic desensitisation, modelling, audio analgesia, hypnosis, and behaviour rehearsal. There is no concrete research as systematic review and meta-analysis indicating which explains the most effective distraction technique.
AIM
To summarize effectiveness of audio and audio-visual (AV) distraction aids for management of pain and anxiety in children undergoing dental treatment.
STUDY DESIGN
Literature search: PubMed/MEDLINE, DOAJ, Science Direct from June - July 2020 with randomized control clinical trials conducted on children with audio and AV distraction aids as intervention and those which had anxiety and pain as outcomes were searched. Fifty articles were identified and relevance was determined. 14 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 05 were eligible for meta-analysis. Cochrane handbook used to assess the risk of bias. The meta analysis conducted using review manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis, cumulative mean difference for audio and AV distraction techniques was calculated with main outcomes as pulse rate, O2 level, Vehman's picture and clinical test. These findings showed significant difference favoring the intervention (audio and AV) group when compared with control but indicating more effectiveness of AV distractions.
CONCLUSION
Different audio-visual aids assist in reducing pain and anxiety in children but using audio distraction aids when audio-visual aids are not available could be acceptable way for distracting and treating children.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Audiovisual Aids; Child; Dental Anxiety; Dental Care; Humans; Pain; Pain Management
PubMed: 35533223
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-46.2.2 -
Health Science Reports May 2022The effect of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the mental health status of dentists has been studied in various studies. The aim of this study was to review the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The effect of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the mental health status of dentists has been studied in various studies. The aim of this study was to review the mental health status of dentists during COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
English databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched till July 2021. Studies that examined the mental health status of dentists during COVID-19 pandemic were included. The heterogeneity of articles was assessed with the Cochran Test and statistics. The prevalence rates of anxiety, fear, sadness, concern, and anger were calculated using the random-effect model.
FINDINGS
Of 560 initial searched articles, 15 articles were eligible to include. The prevalence of anxiety, fear of carrying the infection, fear of getting infected, fear of getting quarantined, and fear of dying people by COVID-19 were 64%, 92%, 85%, 61%, and 65%, respectively. The distribution frequency of light, moderate, and intense sadness was 22%, 25%, and 30%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense anger was 21%, 14%, and 23%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense concern was 30%, 30%, and 34%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense fear was 38%, 24%, and 15%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Fear of COVID-19 and anxiety was very high among dentists. A significant proportion of dentists had moderate to intense COVID-19-associated sadness, concern, and anger. Providing educational content along with providing the necessary personal protective equipment and extensive vaccinations will help maintain the mental health of dentists and provide better quality services.
PubMed: 35509394
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.617 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Sep 2021This systematic review aimed to give an overview of the current evidence surrounding the aetiology and management in terms of treatment and prevention of syncope in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic review aimed to give an overview of the current evidence surrounding the aetiology and management in terms of treatment and prevention of syncope in dental practices. Alongside the occurrence, the practitioner's competence, and the association between syncope and local anaesthetics were discussed.
METHODS
An electronic search in EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane databases and a hand search were performed by 2 independent reviewers to identify studies up to November 2019. Eligibility criteria were applied and relevant data was extracted. Inclusion criteria covered all types of dental treatment under local anaesthesia or conscious sedation performed by a wide range of oral health care workers in their practices. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the methodological tools recommend by Zeng et al. No restrictions were made to exclude papers from qualitive analysis based on risk of bias assessment.
RESULTS
The search yielded a total of 18 studies for qualitative analysis. With the exception of one prospective cohort study, all articles were considered having a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that dentists encountered on average 1.2 cases of syncope per year. The male gender (RR = 2.69 [1.03, 7.02]), dental fear (RR = 3.55 [2.22, 5.70]), refusal of local anaesthesia in non-acute situations (OR = 12.9) and the use of premedication (RR = 4.70, [1.30, 16.90]) increased the risk for syncope. Treatment and prevention were underreported as both were solely discussed in one study. The supine recovery position with raised legs and oxygen administration (15l/min) was presented as an effective treatment. The Medical Risk-Related History (MRRH) system was proposed as prevention protocol, yet this protocol was ineffective in reducing incidence rates (p = 0.27). The majority of dentists (79.2%) were able to diagnose syncope, yet most (86%) lacked the skills for appropriate treatment. Only 57,6% of dental practices were equipped with an oxygen cylinder.
CONCLUSIONS
Syncope is the most common emergency in dental practices. Nonetheless, the vast majority of dentists do not seem competent nor prepared to manage this emergency. Psychogenic factors seem to play an important role in provoking syncope. Placing the patient in a supine reclined position with raised legs in combination with the administration of oxygen seems effective for regaining consciousness. Although valuable in many aspects, risk assessment by medical history taking is not proven to result in fewer episodes. The strength of these conclusions is low based on GRADE guidelines..
Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Conscious Sedation; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Syncope
PubMed: 34479666
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101581 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Feb 2023The use of bioinformatic strategies is growing in dental implant protocols. The current expansion of Omics sciences and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The use of bioinformatic strategies is growing in dental implant protocols. The current expansion of Omics sciences and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in implant dentistry applications have not been documented and analyzed as a predictive tool for the success of dental implants.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze how artificial intelligence algorithms and Omics technologies are being applied in the field of oral implantology as a predictive tool for dental implant success.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was followed. A search strategy was created at PubMed and Web of Science to answer the question "How is bioinformatics being applied in the area of oral implantology as a predictive tool for implant success?"
RESULTS
Thirteen articles were included in this review. Only 3 applied bioinformatic models combining AI algorithms and Omics technologies. These studies highlighted 2 key points for the creation of precision medicine: deep population phenotyping and the integration of Omics sciences in clinical protocols. Most of the studies identified applied AI only in the identification and classification of implant systems, quantification of peri-implant bone loss, and 3-dimensional bone analysis, planning implant placement.
CONCLUSIONS
The conventional criteria currently used as a technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants are insufficient and have low accuracy. Models that apply AI algorithms combined with precision methodologies-biomarkers-are extremely useful in the creation of precision medicine, allowing medical dentists to forecast the success of the implant. Tools that integrate the different types of data, including imaging, molecular, risk factor, and implant characteristics, are needed to make a more accurate and personalized prediction of implant success.
Topics: Dental Implants; Artificial Intelligence; Dental Restoration Failure; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Algorithms
PubMed: 36710172
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.12.011 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Nov 2022Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance health care efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance health care efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.
AIM
The present study aimed to determine the current performance of AI using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for detection and segmentation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search for scholarly articles written in English was conducted on June 24, 2021, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles that evaluated AI systems using CBCT images for detection and segmentation purposes and achieved reported outcomes in terms of precision and recall, accuracy, based on DICE index and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to evaluate the studies that were included in this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included for review and analysis. The pooled performance that measures the included AI models is 0.85 (95%CI: 0.73,0.92) for DICE index/DSC, 0.88 (0.77,0.94) for precision, 0.93 (0.84, 0.97) for recall, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.91) for accuracy percentage.
CONCLUSION
Some limitations are identified in our meta-analysis such as heterogenicity of studies, risk of bias and lack of ground truth. The application of AI for detection and segmentation using CBCT images is comparable to services offered by trained dentists and can potentially expedite and enhance the interpretive process. Implementing AI into clinical dentistry can analyze a large number of CBCT studies and flag the ones with significant findings, thus increasing efficiency. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO, the international registry for systematic reviews (ID number CRD42021285095).
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 36412301
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_394_22 -
The East African Health Research Journal 2021Purpose of this systematic review was to bring together studies of evidence-based practice among dentists in low- and middle-income countries, where its use has been... (Review)
Review
Purpose of this systematic review was to bring together studies of evidence-based practice among dentists in low- and middle-income countries, where its use has been reported to be limited. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Methodology: We searched the evidence (in English only) from medical databases including PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, HINARI summon, and SCOPUS and Web of Science via Research4Life, grey literature, hand search from relevant articles, and augmented results on Google scholar. Published reports were retrieved from relevant websites and organizations. Studies included those that looked at key factors that facilitate or hinder Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD), as well as outcomes in terms of: knowledge, attitudes and skills of EB practice among dentists; and the methodology used and their relevance in future EBD strategies. Main focus was on dentists, as practitioners and faculty members. Studies on students and non-dental personnel were excluded. Findings: A total of 4568 records were retrieved and five potentially relevant articles were selected after title/abstract screening. Two articles were excluded after full text screening, and therefore Three papers were included in this review. The studies report limited knowledge, unsatisfactory attitude towards EBD and lowpractice of EBD and use of scientific evidence databases. None of the studies reported implementation of EBD nor evaluation thereof. The main barriers that constrained application of EBD ranged from lack of interest to infrastructural limitations. Originality: The current review showed that there is a need to strategised implementation of EBD in this region.
PubMed: 35036837
DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.662 -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Dec 2022The aim of this updated version of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association of PD with lipid profile.
PURPOSE
The aim of this updated version of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association of PD with lipid profile.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was done in electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until August 2021. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies investigating the relationship between PD and lipid profile were included. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two investigators. A random-effect model was used to pool the effect size. Odds ratio (OR) was used as effect size for the association of PD with Hyperlipidemia, and SMD was used for the association of PD with the mean level of lipid profile.
RESULTS
Overall, 34 documents met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, and 31 were included for the meta-analysis. Sixteen studies were cross-sectional, 16 case-control, and two cohorts. Results of the random effect model showed that PD increased the odds of dyslipidemia by 15% (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). The Association of PD with low HDL, high LDL, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesteremia was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean level of HDL in patients with PD was significantly lower than in subjects without PD (SMD: -0.69, 95% CI: -1.11, -0.26). Moreover, the mean level of LDL, TC, TG in patients with PD was significantly higher than in subjects without PD (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis suggests that periodontitis is associated with an increased odds of dyslipidemia. Therefore, treating periodontitis may improve dyslipidemia, particularly HDL and triglyceride levels.
PubMed: 36404817
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01071-7 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2019Management of individuals presenting with partial loss of teeth is a common task for dentists. Outcomes important to the management of missing teeth in the partially... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Management of individuals presenting with partial loss of teeth is a common task for dentists. Outcomes important to the management of missing teeth in the partially absent dentition should be systematically summarized. This review recognizes both the challenges associated with such a summarization and the critical nature of the information for patients.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of different prostheses for the treatment of partially absent dentition in terms of the following outcomes: long-term success, function, morbidity and patient satisfaction.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 21 March 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 1), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to March 2011) and EMBASE via OVID (1980 to March 2011). There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. We contacted several authors to identify non-published trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different methods (including the design and materials used) of treating partial edentulism, with clinically relevant outcomes, were included in this review. Trials reporting only surrogate outcomes, such as plaque accumulation or gingival volume, were excluded from this review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently carried out the screening of eligible studies, assessment of dimensions of quality of trials, and data extraction. Results were expressed as mean differences for continuous data, risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes, and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for time-to-event data.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty-one trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. Twenty-four per cent of these were assessed as being at high risk of bias and the remainder were at unclear risk of bias. The clinical heterogeneity among the included studies precluded any attempt at meta-analysis. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether one type of removable dental prosthesis (RDP) was better or worse than another. With fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), there was no evidence that high gold alloys are better or worse than other alloys, nor that gold alloys or frameworks are better or worse than titanium. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether zirconia is better or worse that other FDP materials, that ceramic abutments are better or worse than titanium, or that one cement was better or worse than another in retaining FDPs. There is insufficient evidence to determine the relative effectiveness of FDPs and RDPs in patients with shortened dental arch or to determine the relative advantages of implant supported FDPs versus tooth/implant supported FDPs.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Based on trials meeting the inclusion criteria for this review, there is insufficient evidence to recommend a particular method of tooth replacement for partially edentulous patients.
PubMed: 31425605
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003814.pub3