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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Several reports suggest that altered mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn), a common biomarker for aberrant mitochondrial function, is implicated in autism spectrum... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several reports suggest that altered mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn), a common biomarker for aberrant mitochondrial function, is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results are still elusive.
METHODS
A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the current indication and to provide a more precise assessment of the mtDNA-cn in ASD and ADHD. A search in the MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases was done to identify related studies up to the end of February 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted according to recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies involving 666 cases with ASD and ADHD and 585 controls were collected and judged relevant for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled results by a random effects meta-analysis was reported as a geometric mean of the estimated average response ratio and 95% confidence interval. Overall analysis of studies reported differences in mtDNA-cn in blood samples ( = 10) and non-blood samples (brain tissues and oral samples; = 4) suggested significantly higher mtDNA-cn in patients compared to controls ( = 0.0275). Sub-analysis by stratifying studies based on tissue type, showed no significant increase in mtDNA-cn in blood samples among patients and controls ( = 0.284). Conversely, higher mtDNA-cn was observed in non-blood samples in patients than in controls ( = 0.0122). Further stratified analysis based on blood-cell compositions as potential confounds showed no significant difference in mtDNA-cn in peripheral blood samples of patients comparted to controls ( = 0.074). In addition, stratified analysis of aged-matched ASD and ADHD patients and controls revealed no significant difference in mtDNA-cn in blood samples between patients and controls ( = 0.214), whereas a significant increase in mtDNA-cn was observed in non-blood samples between patients and controls ( < 0.001). Finally, when the mtDNA-cn was analyzed in blood samples of aged-matched patients with ASD (peripheral blood, leukocytes, and PBMCs) or ADHD (peripheral blood), no significant difference in mtDNA-cn was observed between ASD patients and controls ( = 0.385), while a significant increase in mtDNA-cn was found between ADHD patients and controls ( = 0.033).
CONCLUSION
In this first meta-analysis of the evaluation of mtDNA-cn in ASD/ADHD, our results show elevated mtDNA-cn in ASD and ADHD, further emphasizing the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders. However, our results indicate that the mtDNA-cn in blood is not reflected in other tissues in ASD/ADHD, and the true relationship between blood-derived mtDNA-cn and ASD/ADHD remains to be defined in future studies. The importance of blood-cell compositions as confounders of blood-based mtDNA-cn measurement and the advantages of salivary mtDNA-cn should be considered in future studies. Moreover, the potential of mtDNA-cn as a biomarker for mitochondrial malfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders deserves further investigations.
PubMed: 37484684
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196035 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Dec 2023Hematological parameters have been associated with prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The present meta-analysis investigated the utility of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hematological parameters have been associated with prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The present meta-analysis investigated the utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the prognosis of patients with NPC.
METHODS
Multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science, were systematically searched for studies assessing the association between NLR and NPC from 2011 to 2021. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to estimate effect size. Use of a fixed effect or random effect model was based on heterogeneity stability was tested by sensitivity analysis, and the risk of bias was assessed by funnel plots. Random effects models were used based on the actual results. Because the NLR grouping criteria for the included studies differed, subgroup analyses were performed.
RESULTS
A search of the electronic databases identified 14 studies, encompassing 6693 patients, that met the selection criteria. NLR higher than the cutoff value was significantly associated with poorer OS [HR 1.760, 95% CI 1.470-2.120, <0.00001] and PFS [HR 1.850, 95% CI 1.430-2.390, = .006]. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the meta-analysis were relatively stable, and funnel plots were used to exclude the risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated pretreatment NLR in peripheral blood is predictive of poorer OS and PFS in patients with NPC. NLR is an easily measured and important prognostic factor in patients with NPC.
PubMed: 38130245
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1161 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023The overall survival of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is dismal. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have exhibited promising treatment outcomes for PTCL patients....
BACKGROUND
The overall survival of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is dismal. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have exhibited promising treatment outcomes for PTCL patients. Therefore, this work aims to systematically evaluate the treatment outcome and safety profile of HDAC inhibitor-based treatment for untreated and relapsed/refractory (R/R) PTCL patients.
METHODS
The prospective clinical trials of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of PTCL were searched on the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library database. The pooled overall response rate, complete response (CR) rate, and partial response rate were measured. The risk of adverse events was evaluated. Moreover, the subgroup analysis was utilized to assess the efficacy among different HDAC inhibitors and efficacy in different PTCL subtypes.
RESULTS
For untreated PTCL, 502 patients in seven studies were involved, and the pooled CR rate was 44% (95% , 39-48%). For R/R PTCL patients, there were 16 studies included, and the CR rate was 14% (95% , 11-16%). The HDAC inhibitor-based combination therapy exhibited better efficacy when compared with HDAC inhibitor monotherapy for R/R PTCL patients ( = 0.02). In addition, the pooled CR rate was 17% (95% , 13-22%), 10% (95% , 5-15%), and 10% (95% , 5-15%) in the romidepsin, belinostat, and chidamide monotherapy subgroups, respectively. In the R/R angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma subgroup, the pooled ORR was 44% (95% , 35-53%), higher than other subtypes. A total of 18 studies were involved in the safety assessment of treatment-related adverse events. Thrombocytopenia and nausea were the most common hematological and non-hematological adverse events, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors were effective treatment options for untreated and R/R PTCL patients. The combination of HDAC inhibitor and chemotherapy exhibited superior efficacy to HDAC inhibitor monotherapy in the R/R PTCL setting. Additionally, HDAC inhibitor-based therapy had higher efficacy in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma patients than that in other subtypes.
PubMed: 37384289
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127112 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Apr 2022In-depth insight into haemodynamic changes during normotensive pregnancy may help identify women at risk for gestational hypertensive complications. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
In-depth insight into haemodynamic changes during normotensive pregnancy may help identify women at risk for gestational hypertensive complications.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the magnitude of changes in cardiac output and its determinants stroke volume and heart rate, and total peripheral vascular resistance during singleton normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies.
SEARCH STRATEGY
PubMed (NCBI) and Embase (Ovid) databases were searched from their inception up to November 2019.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies reporting original measurements of haemodynamic parameters during pregnancy together with a non-pregnant reference measurement. Studies including women using antihypertensive medication were excluded.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Pooled mean differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and absolute values of haemodynamic parameters were calculated for predefined gestational intervals using a random-effects model in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. Meta-regression analysis was used to analyse group differences in adjustments and absolute values during pregnancy.
MAIN RESULTS
In normotensive pregnancies, cardiac output increased from the first weeks on, reaching its highest level early in the third trimester (mean difference, 1.41 l·min ; 95% CI 1.18-1.63 l·min). In parallel, vascular resistance decreased progressively until its nadir in the early third trimester (mean difference, -331 dyn·sec ·cm ; 95% CI -384 to -277 dyn·sec ·cm ) and then increased slightly at term. In hypertensive pregnancies, the initial cardiac output increase was higher and vascular resistance did not change throughout gestation compared with reference values.
CONCLUSIONS
Hemodynamic changes in women who eventually develop hypertensive complications are substantially different. Serial monitoring and plotting against developed normograms can identify women at risk and may allow timely intervention.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Monitoring haemodynamic changes in pregnancy helps identify women at risk for hypertensive complications.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 33630403
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16678 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Aug 2021The S100 calcium-binding protein beta subunit (S100B) protein, which mostly exists in the central nervous system, is commonly noted as a marker of neuronal damage. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The S100 calcium-binding protein beta subunit (S100B) protein, which mostly exists in the central nervous system, is commonly noted as a marker of neuronal damage. We conducted the first systematic review with meta-analysis to compare peripheral blood S100B levels in individuals with ASD with those in healthy controls. A systematic search was carried out for studies published before May 5, 2020. In total, this meta-analysis involved ten studies with 822 participants and 451 cases. The meta-analysis revealed that individuals with ASD had higher peripheral blood S100B levels than healthy controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.41-1.53; p < 0.001]. Peripheral blood S100B levels may have potential as a useful biomarker for ASD.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
PubMed: 33006697
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04710-1 -
International Archives of... Apr 2022Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a rise in the level of blood glucose. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop hearing... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a rise in the level of blood glucose. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness due to macro- and microvascular complications. The extent to which auditory and vestibular functions are impaired in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus is still under debate. To systematically review studies focusing on auditory and vestibular functions in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus. A search was conducted in the PubMed, MedlinePlus, Ingenta Connect and Google Scholar databases for articles published until June 2019. A total of 15,980 articles were primarily retrieved, 33 of which were shortlisted based on the inclusion criteria set by the investigators for the systematic review. Out of 33 full-length articles, 26 evaluated the functioning of the auditory system, while 7 evaluated the functioning of the vestibular system. Most studies related to auditory functioning reported a significant effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on the peripheral auditory system, whereas studies on vestibular functioning reported no significant effect of diabetes mellitus on the functioning of the peripheral vestibular end-organ. Overall, the results of various audiological and peripheral vestibular tests reveal distinctive peripheral and/or central auditory and vestibular end-organ impairments in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
PubMed: 35602282
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726041 -
Central-European Journal of Immunology 2021Currently, increasing attention has been paid to the association of the serofast status with natural killer (NK) cells. Remarkable diversity among the results of... (Review)
Review
Currently, increasing attention has been paid to the association of the serofast status with natural killer (NK) cells. Remarkable diversity among the results of different studies has been observed. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the variation of the proportion of NK cells in serofast patients compared with that of healthy controls and cured patients. Through the designed retrieval methods, 631 serofast patients, 562 healthy controls and 160 patients whose serology turned negative following treatment were derived from 16 publications for further analysis. The established items were used for the standard selection and quality assessment. The Stata software was used for meta-analysis. The final results indicated that serofast patients exhibited a dramatic decrease in the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood compared with that noted in healthy control subjects [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.08, -0.17), p = 0.007]. The proportion of NK cells was significantly lower in serofast patients than that noted in cured patients [SMD = -0.25, 95% CI (-0.48, -0.02), p = 0.033] and no significant difference was noted in the proportion of NK cells between cured patients and healthy controls [SMD = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.93, 0.14), p = 0.148]. The present meta-analysis indicated that the proportion of NK cells in the peripheral blood was significantly lower in serofast patients compared with that of the healthy controls and cured patients, indicating that the reduction in the number of NK cells may be closely associated with the syphilis serofast status.
PubMed: 35125951
DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.111540 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and phonic tic symptoms. Tourette syndrome (TS) is a subtype of tic disorder that shows more... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and phonic tic symptoms. Tourette syndrome (TS) is a subtype of tic disorder that shows more persistent tic symptoms. The etiological mechanism of TS concerning immune dysfunction remains unclear due to limited evidence, especially for pediatric TS patients.
METHOD
In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to confirm the identified changes in proinflammatory cytokines and T cells of pediatric TS patients. A total of five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were used for the literature search. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the effect size of each type of proinflammatory cytokine and T cell. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were used to explore the heterogeneity of the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (number: INPLASY2021110079).
RESULTS
In the 25 studies included in this meta-analysis, thirteen studies focused on the levels of T cells, and twelve studies focused on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Based on the random-effects model, the pooled MDs are -1.45 (95% CI: -3.44, 0.54) for CD3 cells, -4.44 (95% CI: -6.80, -2.08) for CD4 cells, and 1.94 (95% CI: -0.08, 3.97) for CD8 cells. The pooled SMDs are1.36 for IL-6 (95% CI: 0.00, 2.72) and 2.39 for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (95% CI: 0.93, 3.84).
CONCLUSION
We provided evidence of immune dysfunction in pediatric TS patients, with elevated levels of particular proinflammatory cytokines and disproportionate changes in T-cell subpopulations. Small to large effect sizes were identified for increased IL-6 levels as well as a reduced number of T helper cells, while a large effect size was identified for increased TNF-α levels. These results indicate a close association between peripheral immune activation and TS. However, the most direct and meaningful interaction between peripheral immune status and microglial activation in the central nervous system in TS patients requires further exploration.
Topics: Child; Cytokines; Humans; Interleukin-6; T-Lymphocytes; Tourette Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35693824
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843247 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2022Inflammation and immune dysfunction play significant roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia. Changes in peripheral blood cell profiles...
BACKGROUND
Inflammation and immune dysfunction play significant roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia. Changes in peripheral blood cell profiles are a common manifestation of inflammation and immune dysfunction and have been reported in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We systematically evaluated the association of peripheral blood cell counts and indices with AD or MCI through a meta-analysis.
METHODS
We electronically searched sources to identify all case-control trials comparing peripheral blood cell counts and/or lymphocyte subsets between patients with AD or MCI and healthy controls (HCs). Meta-analyses were used to estimate the between-group standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
A total of 36 studies involving 2,339 AD patients, 608 MCI patients, and 8,352 HCs were included. AD patients had significantly decreased lymphocyte counts (SMD -0.345, 95% CI [-0.545, -0.146], = 0.001) and significantly increased leukocyte counts (0.140 [0.039, 0.241], = 0.006), neutrophil counts (0.309 [0.185, 0.434], = 0.01), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (0.644 [0.310, 0.978], < 0.001) compared to HCs. Similarly, significantly increased leukocyte counts (0.392 [0.206, 0.579], < 0.001), NLR (0.579 [0.310, 0.847], < 0.001), and neutrophil counts (0.248 [0.121, 0.376], < 0.001) were found in MCI patients compared with HCs. A significantly decreased percentage of B lymphocytes (-1.511 [-2.775, -0.248], = 0.019) and CD8 T cells (-0.760 [-1.460, -0.061], = 0.033) and a significantly increased CD4/CD8 ratio (0.615 [0.074, 1.156], = 0.026) were observed in AD patients compared to HCs. Furthermore, significant changes in hemoglobin level and platelet distribution width were found in patients with AD or MCI compared with HCs. However, no significant difference was found between AD or MCI patients and HCs in terms of platelet counts, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, and CD4 T, CD3 T, or natural killer cell counts.
CONCLUSION
Changes in peripheral blood cell profiles, particularly involving leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and CD8 T cell counts, as well as the NLR and the CD4/CD8 ratio, are closely associated with AD. The diagnostic relevance of these profiles should be investigated in future.
PubMed: 35601620
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.888946 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2020The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy (LPD) with Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy (RDP) in terms of length of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy (LPD) with Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy (RDP) in terms of length of hospital stay (LOS), perioperative, postoperative and economic parameters.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken and data from studies fulfilling the predetermined inclusion criteria were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed to combine the results of various studies in the forms of Weighted Mean Difference (WMD), Odds Ratio (OR) and Risk Difference (RD), as appropriate.
RESULTS
A significantly lower LOS (WMD:0.75, 95%CI:0.17-1.33) and longer operative duration (WMD:-28.29, 95%CI:-49.98--6.6) for the RDP group was found. The rate of open conversion was higher in the LDP group (OR:2.38, 95%CI:1.75-3.22), while the rate of spleen preservation was lower (OR:0.49, 95%CI:0.31-0.79). No significant difference was noted in the intraoperative blood loss (WMD:34, 95%CI:-10.28-78.29), postoperative blood transfusion (OR:0.99, 95%CI:0.66-1.49) and overall morbidity analyses (OR:1.08, 95%CI:0.88-1.32). A significantly higher yield of lymph nodes was achieved in the RDP group (WMD:-2.09, 95%CI:-4.17--0.01), while no differences were found when positive resection margins (RD:0.02, 95%CI:-0.02-0.07) and specimen length (WMD:0.08, 95%CI:0.42-0.58) were considered. Finally, RDP was associated with significantly higher operative (WMD:-2733.42, 95%CI:-4189.77--1277.08) and total (WMD:-3799.68, 95%CI: -4438.39--3160.98) costs.
CONCLUSION
RDP seems to be a viable option for both benign and malignant pancreatic disorders, although there are concerns regarding economic parameters. Large randomized controlled trials will shed more light on the subject.
Topics: Humans; Laparoscopy; Pancreatectomy; Robotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33277870
DOI: No ID Found