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Frontiers in Public Health 2023Burnout may be suffered not only by experienced nurses, but also by those in training. The university environment can be highly stressful for student nurses, who are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Burnout may be suffered not only by experienced nurses, but also by those in training. The university environment can be highly stressful for student nurses, who are exposed to various stress-producing situations.
AIM
The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the main risk factors for burnout among nursing students.
METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The search equation used was "Burnout AND Nursing students". Quantitative primary studies on burnout in nursing students, and related risk factors published in English or Spanish and with no restriction by year of publication were included.
RESULTS
A sample of n = 33 studies were included. Three variables are identified can influence burnout in nursing students: academic, interpersonal, environmental and/or social factors. The meta-analyses, with the higher sample of n = 418 nursing students, show that some personality factors, empathy, and resilience are correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment.
CONCLUSION
The personality factors that can influence the development of burnout in nursing students, such as resilience and empathy, among others, must be taken into account when preventing the appearance and treating burnout. Professors should teach nursing students to prevent and recognize the most frequent symptoms of burnout syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Students, Nursing; Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Emotions; Empathy
PubMed: 37213651
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142576 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Mar 2023This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and pathological personality traits.
RECENT FINDINGS
An initial pool of 123 studies was found, out of which 17 met the selection criteria and were therefore included. Traumatic experiences as childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences characterize the relationship between sexual behavior and PDs. From this point of view, sexual compulsivity and sexual risk behaviors, typical of BPD and ASPD, respectively, are among the pathognomonic aspects of PDs and of pathological personality traits. A maladaptive personality functioning may manifest through a problematic sexuality and a sexual impairment. In this regard, traumatic life experiences may structure personality together with sexual functioning. Therefore, it would be useful to consider the relationship between trauma, sexuality, and personality in research and in the clinical setting.
Topics: Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexuality; Personality Disorders; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Personality
PubMed: 36738436
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01409-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the... (Review)
Review
Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature published over the last five years on the self-assessment of PE students in formal education contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select the articles. A total of three researchers independently applied the above criteria and obtained a total of thirteen studies. After synthesising the results by category, we found that: a majority of the studies were conducted in Europe; all 13 studies covered the educational stages of either secondary or higher education; an even number of qualitative and quantitative approaches were distributed among the studies; some studies focused on specific sports or contents, while others were applicable to any subject; and, finally, depending on the research design adopted, the results described self-assessment strategy processes, improvements in learning, drew descriptive portraits of students regarding health, or reflected students' positive perceptions of self-assessment. It is necessary to conduct further studies on PE students' self-assessment, especially in primary education.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Learning; Physical Education and Training; Self-Assessment; Students
PubMed: 33477483
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020766 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2022Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic review aimed to identify personality traits that increase the risk of PPD.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis on the association between neuroticism and PPD.
RESULTS
A total of 34 studies were analyzed. Of these, 31 considered at least one trait associated with PPD; 10 studies considered at least one trait not associated with PPD. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, concluding that neuroticism was associated with PPD (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.22-1.53; p<0.001).
LIMITATIONS
Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results. Prospective longitudinal studies of persons with no prior history of mood disorder would provide stronger evidence about whether particular personality traits predict PPD. Most studies reviewed used self-report measures to assess personality. Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results, and indications of publication bias were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuroticism is the personality trait most widely studied in relation to PPD. Our meta-analysis found this trait is strongly related with PPD. Moreover, vulnerable personality style and trait anxiety are also associated with PPD. Screening for these traits might help identify women at risk, improving prevention, early detection, and possibly treatment.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34763034
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.010 -
Conservation Biology : the Journal of... Feb 2023Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and... (Review)
Review
Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and conservation. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature relating to conservation science and animal personality. Criteria for inclusion in our review included access to full text, primary research articles, and relevant animal conservation or personality focus (i.e., not human personality studies). Ninety-two articles met these criteria. We summarized the conservation contexts, testing procedures (including species and sample size), analytical approach, claimed personality traits (activity, aggression, boldness, exploration, and sociability), and each report's key findings and conservation-focused suggestions. Although providing evidence for repeatability in behavior is crucial for personality studies, repeatability quantification was implemented in only half of the reports. Nonetheless, each of the 5 personality traits were investigated to some extent in a range of conservations contexts. The most robust studies in the field showed variance in how personality relates to other ecologically important variables across species and contexts. Moreover, many studies were first attempts at using personality for conservation purposes in a given study system. Overall, it appears personality is not yet a fully realized tool for conservation. To apply personality research to conservation problems, we suggest researchers think about where individual differences in behavior may affect conservation outcomes in their system, assess where there are opportunities for repeated measures, and follow the most current methodological guides on quantifying personality.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conservation of Natural Resources; Personality
PubMed: 35561041
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13935 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Dec 2023This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk.
METHODS
A systematic review of prospective cohort studies utilizing rigorous reporting methods was conducted. Six electronic bibliographic databases, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were searched for eligible studies using keywords encompassing personality traits and mortality. Articles from inception to January 2023 were reviewed. The risk of bias was also assessed.
RESULTS
Six of the 2358 identified studies met the inclusion criteria for extraction. Included studies had 335,715 participants, of whom 3.23% died. Participants ages at baseline ranged from 20 to 102, and 54% were female. Five of the six studies reported statistically significant associations between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. Several underlying facets were reported to be associated with an increased mortality risk, namely vulnerability, cynicism, pessimistic, anxious, and depressive facets. Inadequacy, and worried-vulnerable were reported as protective. One study reported protective effects for impulsiveness, but this was not observed in a further follow-up study.
CONCLUSIONS
Various facets related to neuroticism are associated with an increased or decreased mortality risk. Encompassing all facets in a broad trait likely masks very important personality-health relations, which later impact longevity. Based on these findings, recommendations and future considerations are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Neuroticism; Follow-Up Studies; Prospective Studies; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37832272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111500 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Sep 2021Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people's daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people's daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated rapidly in recent years. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research that reviews, classifies, and synthesizes the state of the art with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to identify the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self in terms of health and well-being.
METHODS
We have undertaken a systematic literature review on self-tracking and the quantified self in promoting health and well-being. After a rigorous literature search, followed by inclusions, exclusions, and the application of article quality assessment protocols, 67 empirical studies qualified for the review.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrate that prior research has focused on 3 stakeholders with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self, namely end users, patients and people with illnesses, and health care professionals and caregivers. We used these stakeholder groups to cluster the research themes of the reviewed studies. We identified 11 research themes. There are 6 themes under the end-user cluster: user motivation and goal setting, usage and effects of self-tracking, continuance intention and long-term usage, management of personal data, rejection and discontinuance, and user characteristics. The patient and people with illnesses cluster contains three themes: usage experience of patients and people with illnesses, management of patient-generated data, and advantages and disadvantages in the clinical context. The health care professional and caregiver cluster contains two themes: collaboration among patients, health care professionals, and caregivers, and changes in the roles of patients and professionals. Moreover, we classified the future research suggestions given in the literature into 5 directions in terms of research designs and research topics. Finally, based on our reflections on the observations from the review, we suggest four future research directions: (1) users' cognitions and emotions related to processing and interpreting the information produced by tracking devices and apps; (2) the dark side of self-tracking (eg, its adverse psychosocial consequences); (3) self-tracking as a societal phenomenon; and (4) systemic impacts of self-tracking on health care and the actors involved.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic literature review contributes to research and practice by assisting future research activities and providing practitioners with a concise overview of the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Personnel; Health Promotion; Humans; Motivation
PubMed: 34546176
DOI: 10.2196/25171 -
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Aug 2023Subtle abnormalities in children's intelligence, motor skills, and psychology from various assisted reproductive treatments (ARTs) might be underdiagnosed. Understanding... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Subtle abnormalities in children's intelligence, motor skills, and psychology from various assisted reproductive treatments (ARTs) might be underdiagnosed. Understanding the prognosis of intelligence, motor skills, and psychology in children from ART would provide parents with reasonable expectations and enable them to plan relevant support to achieve the optimum potential in ART children.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases until April 13, 2021, to identify relevant studies. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis employed a standardized mean difference model. The outcome of this study is to compare intelligence quotient (IQ), motoric ability, and behavioral problems between all ARTs, in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to naturally conceived (NC) children. Subdomains of intelligence based on the Cattell, Horn, and Carroll Model (CHC Model) of cognitive architecture, including fluid reasoning, short-term and working memory, processing speed, visual-spatial ability, long-term memory retrieval, and crystalized intelligence (knowledge), were evaluated and summarized in details. Motor skill was stratified into two domains: gross motoric and fine motoric. Behavioral problem was categorized as externalizing and internalizing behavior.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis showed that verbal intelligence score in IVF toddlers is significantly lower than NC toddlers (p = 0.02); conversely, ICSI toddlers scored significantly higher verbal intelligence score compared to NC toddlers (p = 0.005). Toddlers born after ART had significantly lower non-verbal intelligence score (p = 0.047). IVF toddlers scored significantly lower fine motor score (p = 0.01) compared to naturally conceived toddlers. Based on parent's CBCL, NC toddlers had higher total (p = 0.01) and externalizing behavior (p = 0.001) scores compared to ART toddlers. Evaluation of full scale IQ and all domains of intelligence in preschool and primary school children revealed that no significant differences exist between ART and NC children. Based on preschool and primary school parents' CBCL, IVF children had significantly lower externalizing behavior score compared to NC children (p = 0.04). Meta-analyses of studies on young adolescents revealed that ART young adolescents scored higher academically than their NC counterparts, including on mathematics (p < 0.00001) and reading or language (p < 0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite differences in certain aspects, this finding suggests that ART is unlikely to cause negative impacts on children's neurodevelopment.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Child; Semen; Intelligence; Problem Behavior; Language; Memory, Short-Term
PubMed: 37608302
DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09490-0 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Dec 2021Difficulties in the assessments of Somatoform Disorders (SD) and Personality Disorders (PD) regarding operationalization, arbitrary thresholds, and reliability led to a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Difficulties in the assessments of Somatoform Disorders (SD) and Personality Disorders (PD) regarding operationalization, arbitrary thresholds, and reliability led to a shift from categorical to dimensional models in the DSM-5. Empirical research data postulates a continuous level of severity in both groups of diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the overlap between somatization and personality pathology.
METHODS
Until July 2020, we conducted a systematic literature search with PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. We specifically reviewed current empirical data on the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) and SD. Data was drawn out using predefined data panels. Results were reflected in the context of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. Risk of bias was assessed due to blinding, randomization, selective reporting, incomplete data, and attribution bias.
RESULTS
A total of eight studies (N = 2979) met the inclusion criteria. Whereas categorical measures revealed mixed results, positive correlations between SD/SSD and dimensionally measured personality functioning were present in four studies (N = 1741). In three studies (N = 2025) correlations between SD/SSD and neuroticism/negative affectivity (d = 0.22-1.041) were present. Moreover, harm avoidant (d = 0.526 - 0.826) and self-defeating traits (d = 0.892) revealed significant associations with somatization.
CONCLUSIONS
Dimensional personality assessments are highly neglected in patients with SSD and warrant further research. However, in line with the HiTOP model, there is tentative evidence that somatization can be described as an independent personality trait, which shows most striking overlaps with self-pathologies (Criterion A) and the trait of negative affectivity (Criterion B).
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Personality; Personality Disorders; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34715494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110646 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Nov 2023Pokémon GO, an augmented reality game with widespread popularity, can potentially influence players' physical activity (PA) levels and psychosocial well-being. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pokémon GO, an augmented reality game with widespread popularity, can potentially influence players' physical activity (PA) levels and psychosocial well-being.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to systematically examine the scientific evidence regarding the impact of Pokémon GO on PA and psychosocial well-being in children and adolescents.
METHODS
Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, we conducted keyword and reference searches in the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, evidence synthesis, and identified research gaps.
RESULTS
Our review included 10 studies that explored the effect of Pokémon GO on PA or psychosocial well-being among children and adolescents. These studies used diverse designs across multiple countries and regions. Pokémon GO use measures encompassed frequency, experience, adherence, and motivation. PA assessment methods ranged from self-reported questionnaires to technology-based evaluations and qualitative approaches. Psychosocial well-being measures included emotional intelligence, personal well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability. In general, the estimated impact of Pokémon GO on PA was positive, with gaming elements and engagement correlating with increased PA levels. However, the effect on psychosocial well-being presented mixed results, with positive associations for sociability but a complex relationship involving well-being and internet gaming disorder. The limitations of these studies comprised the absence of randomized controlled trials, heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures, and potential confounding bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, Pokémon GO tends to positively affect PA levels, while the impact on psychosocial well-being remains complex and requires further investigation. Future research should investigate the mechanisms connecting Pokémon GO use with PA and psychosocial well-being and the potential risks of excessive gameplay. These findings can help inform public health interventions to harness gaming technologies for promoting PA and enhancing well-being among the younger generation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023412032; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=412032.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Augmented Reality; Databases, Factual; Emotional Intelligence; Exercise; Video Games
PubMed: 37955949
DOI: 10.2196/49019