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Journal of Advanced Nursing Mar 2022Explore the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effect of self-management interventions on quality of life, self-management skills and self-efficacy, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Explore the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effect of self-management interventions on quality of life, self-management skills and self-efficacy, and to explore which intervention characteristics are associated with effectiveness.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
A search of the literature was conducted in these databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and PsychINFO (OVID) from January 2000 to February 2020.
REVIEW METHODS
Studies were included if participants had a bowel stoma, were over the age of 18 and the design was a randomized controlled trial of a self-management programme. The outcome measures for this review were quality of life, self-management skills and self-efficacy. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code interventions for underlying components and alongside other intervention characteristics, associations with improvements in outcomes were explored.
RESULTS
The search identified 3141 articles, 16 of which were eligible. A meta-analysis of self-efficacy scores from five studies (N = 536) found an improvement in those that received the self-management intervention at follow-up with a 12-point mean difference compared with the usual care group. Effects on quality of life and self-management skills were mixed, and meta-analyses of these data were not possible. Across 13 studies an average of 10 behaviour change techniques were used with, credible source (e.g. nurse, doctor, therapist) (n = 13), instruction on how to perform the behaviour (n = 13), demonstration of the behaviour (n = 12) used most often. The behaviour change technique of self-monitoring was associated with an improvement in quality of life. The involvement of a nurse was associated with higher self-efficacy and self-management skills.
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that self-management interventions can increase peoples' self-efficacy for managing their stoma.
IMPACT
A standardized approach to the reporting of interventions and the measures used is needed in future studies to better understand the effect on quality of life and self-management skills.
Topics: Adult; Allied Health Personnel; Humans; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Self Efficacy; Self-Management
PubMed: 34708416
DOI: 10.1111/jan.15085 -
NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine Jun 2021Primary Care Providers (PCPs) often deal with patients on daily clinical practice without knowing anything about their smoking status and willingness to quit. The aim of... (Review)
Review
Primary Care Providers (PCPs) often deal with patients on daily clinical practice without knowing anything about their smoking status and willingness to quit. The aim of this metasynthesis is to explore the PCPs and patients who are smokers perspectives regarding the issue of smoking cessation within primary care settings. It relies on the model of meta-ethnography and follows thematic synthesis procedures. Twenty-two studies are included, reporting on the view of 580 participants. Three main themes emerge: (i) What lacks, (ii) Some expectations but no request, and (iii) How to address the issue and induce patients' motivation. Our results reveal a global feeling of a lack of legitimacy among PCPs when it comes to addressing the issue of tobacco and smoking cessation with their patients, even though they have developed creative strategies based on what is at the core of their practice, that is proximity, continuity, long-term and trustworthy relationship.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Primary Health Care; Smokers; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 34075057
DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00245-9 -
Developmental Psychobiology Nov 2022Temperament in early childhood is a good predictor of later personality, behavior, and risk of psychopathology. Variation in temperament can be explained by... (Review)
Review
Temperament in early childhood is a good predictor of later personality, behavior, and risk of psychopathology. Variation in temperament can be explained by environmental and biological factors. One biological mechanism of interest is the gut microbiome (GM), which has been associated with mental and physical health. This review synthesized existing literature evaluating the relationship between GM composition and diversity, and temperament in early life. Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus were searched, and data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines. In total, 1562 studies were identified, of which six remained following application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that there is an association between higher alpha diversity and temperament: greater Surgency/Extraversion and High-Intensity Pleasure in males, and lower Effortful Control in females. Unique community structures (beta diversity) were found for Surgency/Extraversion in males and Fear in females. An emerging pattern of positive temperament traits being associated with GM communities biased toward short-chain fatty acid production from a metabolism based on dietary fiber and complex carbohydrates was observed and is worthy of further investigation. To gain deeper understanding of the relationship, future research should investigate further the functional aspects of the microbiome and the influence of diet.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Temperament; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Fiber; Biological Factors; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 36282751
DOI: 10.1002/dev.22306 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Nov 2022Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as... (Review)
Review
Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as gendered, exemplifying hegemonic masculinity and associated violence, with the link between sporting culture and violence against women well recognised. This paper reports on a systematic review of empirical research literature exploring the link between major sporting events and incidence of DV. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Proquest Central databases from inception to December 2020 for quantitative studies examining major sports events and reports of DV using a pre-post comparison design. Study quality was assessed using the Kmet quality assessment tool. The review identified 1445 records following duplicate removal. Once screened and assessed for eligibility, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results are presented qualitatively due to the heterogeneity across studies. Most studies originated in North America and the United Kingdom, used police records as their data source for measuring incidences of DV and few looked beyond the day of the sports event for recorded incidences of DV. Studies reviewed suggested that there is an association between certain major sports events and increased reporting of DV. However, studies' findings conflicted with regards to whether increases were associated with contact sports, the rivalry between competing teams, whether the events were emotionally salient and whether alcohol was a contributing factor. In conclusion, there is limited research globally. Heterogeneity and conflicting findings mean that more research is needed to understand the associations and inform community prevention/interventions to address DV.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Domestic Violence; Police; Sports; United Kingdom; Masculinity
PubMed: 36129100
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14028 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Community care nurses educate adolescents about body image, but their interventions appear to be ineffective. Body dissatisfaction predicts unhealthy behaviors among... (Review)
Review
Community care nurses educate adolescents about body image, but their interventions appear to be ineffective. Body dissatisfaction predicts unhealthy behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to understand the meanings and factors that influence the concept of body image through a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies from the perspective of adolescents. Ten studies published from 2009-2019 were identified by a search of relevant systematic databases between September and December 2019. The review followed the seven steps of meta-ethnography developed by Noblit and Hare, including a line-of-argument. The synthesis revealed six themes: self-perception of body image; opinions of friends and colleagues; opinions of family; specific features of the school environment; expectations perceived across the mass-media; and strategies, practices, and self-management of body image. An explanatory model was developed that showed adolescents' development of body image and the path towards its establishment. In conclusion, these results should be considered to implement strategies to promote a healthy body image in adolescents by community health and mental health nurses.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropology, Cultural; Body Image; Health Status; Humans; Qualitative Research; Self Concept
PubMed: 33561092
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031140 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Feb 2022To identify the most effective interventions to empower cardiorenal patients. (Review)
Review
AIMS
To identify the most effective interventions to empower cardiorenal patients.
DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature has been carried out.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed, and journals in the field were manually searched between January and February 2020.
REVIEW METHODS
Five randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies that met the selection and CONSORT & TREND methodological quality criteria were selected.
RESULTS
The evidence supports that there are no existing interventions aimed at empowering cardiorenal patients. However, the interventions to empower people with chronic kidney disease and heart failure suggest that their integration should address seven domains: patient education, sense of self-management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self-efficacy and quality of life.
CONCLUSION
A gap has been revealed in the literature regarding the empowerment of cardiorenal patients. This review provides relevant information to help design, implement and evaluate interventions to empower these patients by describing the strategies used to empower people experiencing both chronic conditions and the tools used for their assessment.
IMPACT
There is a need for further research to design, implement and evaluate a multidimensional intervention that favours the empowerment of cardiorenal patients by using valid and reliable instruments that measure the domains that constitute it in an integrated manner. Interventions aimed at empowering the cardiorenal patient should include seven domains: patient education, sense of self-management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self-efficacy and quality of life.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Chronic Disease; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Efficacy; Self-Management
PubMed: 34363636
DOI: 10.1111/jan.15007 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021The present study aimed to quantify the relationship between body dissatisfaction and morbid exercise behaviour (MEB). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to quantify the relationship between body dissatisfaction and morbid exercise behaviour (MEB).
METHODS
The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to September 2020. Pooled effect sizes corrected for sampling errors () were computed using a bare-bones meta-analysis. The robustness of the results was examined by influence analyses. The presence of moderators was examined by inspection of the variance in attributable to sampling errors and 80% credibility intervals, followed by subgroup analysis and univariable/multivariable meta-regressions. Publication bias was examined by visual inspection of funnel plot symmetry, cumulative meta-analysis, and Egger's test.
RESULTS
A total of 41 effect sizes from 33 studies ( = 8747) were retrieved. Results showed a significant and near to moderate effect size ( = 0.267, 95% CI = 0.226 to 0.307), and this did not differ by gender, BMI, age, percentage of Whites, study quality, or MEB measure. Conversely, effect sizes were found to be stronger in published and more recently conducted studies.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that body dissatisfaction is one of the likely causes underlying MEB. This suggests the need for further longitudinal research aimed at confirming the potential causal nature of this relationship.
Topics: Body Dissatisfaction; Exercise; Morbidity
PubMed: 33445591
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020585 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Sep 2022The relationship between personality and eating disorders has received significant research attention. This review aimed to synthesize research regarding the Five Factor... (Review)
Review
The relationship between personality and eating disorders has received significant research attention. This review aimed to synthesize research regarding the Five Factor Model (FFM) and disordered eating behaviors, to gain an improved understanding of the relationship between normal-range personality and subclinical eating disorders. Electronic Databases were used to identify studies published in English that utilized self-report measures of disordered eating and the FFM. A qualitative synthesis of 45 papers was then conducted. High scores on Neuroticism were associated with increased disordered eating behavior. Different disordered eating behaviors were found to have unique relationships with personality dimensions. Facets within domains varied in direction of correlation with disordered eating behaviors, particularly in the Agreeableness, Contentiousness, and Openness domains. The results indicate that, further research is needed before generalizing treatment approaches for eating disorders for females, males, and gender diverse populations.
Topics: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 35226762
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23337 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... May 2023Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset as early as preschool and impairment across the lifespan. Temperament... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset as early as preschool and impairment across the lifespan. Temperament factors, specifically those that theoretically map onto ADHD symptoms, may be early markers of risk for developing later childhood ADHD that could be identifiable in infancy or toddlerhood. This meta-analysis examined the associations between these early temperamental factors and later symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD and mapped early temperament constructs onto the three ADHD symptom dimensions.
METHODS
A systemic review of the literature was conducted to identify prospective longitudinal studies that included theoretically relevant temperament constructs (sustained attention, activity level, inhibition, and negative emotionality) examined from birth to 36 months old and ADHD (symptoms or diagnosis) in preschool or childhood. The association between each temperament construct and ADHD outcomes was examined using pooled standardized estimates in meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Forty-eight articles (n = 112,716 infants/toddlers) prospectively examined temperament and the relation to childhood ADHD symptoms or diagnosis. Activity level (k = 18) in infancy and toddlerhood was moderately associated with childhood ADHD (r = .39, CI = 0.27, 0.51, p < .001). Moderate effect sizes were also observed for sustained attention (k = 9; r = -.28, CI = -0.42, -0.12, p < .001) and negative emotionality (k = 33; r = .25, CI = 0.16, 0.34, p < .001) with ADHD. The specificity of each temperament construct for later ADHD symptom dimensions was such that activity level and negative emotionality were predictive of all three symptom dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and combined), whereas sustained attention was only associated with combined symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Infant and toddler temperament is an early risk factor for the development of childhood ADHD that could be utilized for early intervention identification. Yet, this systematic review found that relatively few prospective longitudinal studies have examined sustained attention (k = 9) and inhibition (k = 15) in infancy and toddlerhood in relation to later ADHD highlighting the need for further research.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Temperament; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36599815
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13753 -
Human Resources For Health Jan 2021Poor health worker motivation, and the resultant shortages and geographic imbalances of providers, impedes the provision of quality care in low- and middle-income... (Review)
Review
Poor health worker motivation, and the resultant shortages and geographic imbalances of providers, impedes the provision of quality care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review summarizes the evidence on interventions used to motivate health workers in LMICs. A standardized keyword search strategy was employed across five databases from September 2007 -September 2017. Studies had to meet the following criteria: original study; doctors and/or nurses as target population for intervention(s); work motivation as study outcome; study design with clearly defined comparison group; categorized as either a supervision, compensation, systems support, or lifelong learning intervention; and conducted in a LMIC setting. Two independent reviewers screened 3845 titles and abstracts and, subsequently, reviewed 269 full articles. Seven studies were retained from China (n = 1), Ghana (n = 2), Iran (n = 1), Mozambique (n = 1), and Zambia (n = 2). Study data and risk of bias were extracted using a standardized form. Though work motivation was the primary study outcome, four studies did not provide an outcome definition and five studies did not describe use of a theoretical framework in the ascertainment. Four studies used a randomized trial-group design, one used a non-randomized trial-group design, one used a cross-sectional design, and one used a pretest-posttest design. All three studies that found a significant positive effect on motivational outcomes had a supervision component. Of the three studies that found no effects on motivation, two were primarily compensation interventions and the third was a systems support intervention. One study found a significant negative effect of a compensation intervention on health worker motivation. In conducting this systematic review, we found there is limited evidence on successful interventions to motivate health workers in LMICs. True effects on select categories of health workers may have been obscured given that studies included health workers with a wide range of social and professional characteristics. Robust studies that use validated and culturally appropriate tools to assess worker motivation are greatly needed in the Sustainable Development Goals era.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Humans; Motivation; Nurses; Physicians
PubMed: 33407597
DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00522-7