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Medicine Jan 2021The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and open splenectomy (OS) in the treatment of Idiopathic thrombocytopenic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and open splenectomy (OS) in the treatment of Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register for studies (study published from July 1992-January 2020). This study analyzed the clinical effect of LS and OS on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpur.
RESULTS
This study showed that compared with OS, the LS's Overall response (OR: 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-1.59, P = .30), Complication (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.18-1.94, P = .38), Accessory spleen(OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.98-2.98, P = .06), Wound infections (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.26-1.59, P = .34), Pancreatic fistula (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.16-3.30, P = .68), was no significant, the Operative time (weighted mean difference (WMD): 49.33, 95% CI: 36.29-62.37, P < .00001)was longer, and the Estimated blood loss (WMD: -172.59, 95% CI: -319.96 to -25.22, P = .02), Postoperative length of stay (WMD: -4.68, 95% CI: -7.75 to -1.62, P = .003)was less.
CONCLUSIONS
The therapeutic effect of LS was the same as that of OS in Overall response Complication Accessory spleen, while The operative time was longer, the Estimated blood loss was less, and the postoperative length of stay was shorter.
Topics: Adult; Blood Loss, Surgical; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Operative Time; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Splenectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33530246
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024436 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Nov 2021Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is listed as the most common secondary glomerular diseases among children. Approximately 15 to 20% of children eventually...
BACKGROUND
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is listed as the most common secondary glomerular diseases among children. Approximately 15 to 20% of children eventually could develop into chronic renal failure. Chinese patent herbal medicine Huaiqihuang (HQH) has been widely used in children with HSPN. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HQH for HSPN in children, so as to provide evidence for clinical use.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HQH for HSPN in children were searched in eight Chinese and English databases from their inception to December 2020. We included children with HSPN received HQH combined with conventional medicine. Cochrane "Risk of bias" tool was used to assess methodological quality, and "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach" to summarize the certainty of evidence for main findings. Effect estimates were presented as risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3. Data not suitable for statistical pooling were synthesized qualitatively.
RESULTS
In total seven RCTs were identified. Compared with conventional medicine alone, HQH plus conventional medicine showed the better effect in improving clinical cure rate (RR 1.58; 95%CI 1.17 to 2.14; n = 6) and total effective rate (RR 1.34; 1.16 to 1.54; n = 6); reducing urine sediment erythrocyte count (MD -9.23; - 10.76 to - 7.69; n = 3) and urine β2 micro-globulin level (MD -0.09; - 0.12 to - 0.06; n = 2). No serious adverse event was recorded in all included trials.
CONCLUSIONS
Limited evidence showed HQH combined with conventional medicine had a beneficial effect for children with HSPN, and the side effects were mild. HQH may be a promising complementary therapy. However, long term follow-up, high quality and multicenter RCTs are required to confirm the findings.
Topics: Child; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Herbal Medicine; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Nephritis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34743723
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03415-x -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2021Portal hypertension commonly accompanies advanced liver disease and often gives rise to life-threatening complications, including bleeding (haemorrhage) from oesophageal...
Band ligation versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis.
BACKGROUND
Portal hypertension commonly accompanies advanced liver disease and often gives rise to life-threatening complications, including bleeding (haemorrhage) from oesophageal and gastrointestinal varices. Variceal bleeding commonly occurs in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis. Prevention is, therefore, important. Randomised clinical trials have shown that non-selective beta-blockers and endoscopic variceal band ligation decrease the incidence of variceal bleeding in adults. In children and adolescents, band ligation, beta-blockers, and sclerotherapy have been proposed as primary prophylaxis alternatives for oesophageal variceal bleeding. However, it is unknown whether these interventions are of benefit or harm when used for primary prophylaxis in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the benefits and harms of band ligation compared with sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and two other databases (April 2020). We scrutinised the reference lists of the retrieved publications, and we also handsearched abstract books of the two main paediatric gastroenterology and hepatology conferences from January 2008 to December 2019. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) for ongoing clinical trials. We imposed no language or document type restrictions on our search.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We aimed to include randomised clinical trials irrespective of blinding, language, or publication status, to assess the benefits and harms of band ligation versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis. If the search for randomised clinical trials retrieved quasi-randomised and other observational studies, then we read them through to extract information on harm.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methodology to perform this systematic review. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse events and liver-related morbidity, and quality of life. Our secondary outcomes were oesophageal variceal bleeding and adverse events not considered serious. We used the intention-to-treat principle. We analysed data using Review Manager 5.
MAIN RESULTS
One conference abstract, describing a feasibility multi-centre randomised clinical trial, fulfilled our review inclusion criteria. We judged the trial at overall high risk of bias. This trial was conducted in three hospital centres in the United Kingdom. The aim of the trial was to determine the feasibility and safety of further larger randomised clinical trials of prophylactic band ligation versus no active treatment in children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices. Twelve children received prophylactic band ligation and 10 children received no active treatment. There was no information on the age of the children included, or about the diagnosis of any child included. All children were followed up for at least six months. Mortality was 8% (1/12) in the band ligation group versus 0% (0/10) in the no active intervention group (risk ratio (RR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 56.25; very low certainty of evidence). The abstract did not report when the death occurred, but we assume it happened between the six-month follow-up and one year. No child (0%) in the band ligation group developed adverse events (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.01 to 6.25; very low certainty of evidence) but one child out of 10 (10%) in the no active intervention group developed idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura. One child out of 12 (8%) in the band ligation group underwent liver transplantation versus none in the no active intervention group (0%) (RR 2.54, 95% CI 0.11 to 56.25; very low certainty of evidence). The trial reported no other serious adverse events or liver-related morbidity. Quality of life was not reported. Oesophageal variceal bleeding occurred in 8% (1/12) of the children in the band ligation group versus 30% (3/10) of the children in the no active intervention group (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.27; very low certainty of evidence). No adverse events considered non-serious were reported. Two children were lost to follow-up by one-year. Ten children in total completed the trial at two-year follow-up. There was no information on funding. We found two observational studies on endoscopic variceal ligation when searching for randomised trials. One found no harm, and the other reported E nterobacter cloacae septicaemia in one child and mild, transient, upper oesophageal sphincter stenosis in another. We did not assess these studies for risk of bias. We did not find any ongoing randomised clinical trials of interest to our review.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence, obtained from only one feasibility randomised clinical trial at high risk of bias, is very scanty. It is very uncertain about whether prophylactic band ligation versus sham or no (active) intervention may affect mortality, serious adverse events and liver-related morbidity, or oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices. We have no data on quality of life. No adverse events considered non-serious were reported. The results presented in the trial need to be interpreted with caution. In addition, the highly limited data cover only part of our research question; namely, children with portal hypertension and large oesophageal varices. Data on children with portal vein thrombosis are lacking. Larger randomised clinical trials assessing the benefits and harms of band ligation compared with sham treatment for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis are needed. The trials should include important clinical outcomes such as death, quality of life, failure to control bleeding, and adverse events.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chronic Disease; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Feasibility Studies; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Ligation; Liver Diseases; Portal Vein; Primary Prevention; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 33522602
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011561.pub2 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jan 2020Acute hemorrhagic edema of young children is a benign skin-limited vasculitis mainly affecting children 2 to 24 months of age, which is often considered the infantile...
BACKGROUND
Acute hemorrhagic edema of young children is a benign skin-limited vasculitis mainly affecting children 2 to 24 months of age, which is often considered the infantile variant of immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura). In most cases, the diagnosis is made on a clinical basis without a skin biopsy.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed to examine the reported prevalence of vascular immune deposits in skin biopsies of patients with acute hemorrhagic edema of young children.
RESULTS
Testing for vascular immune deposits was performed in 75 cases (64 boys and 11 girls aged from 3.5 to 72, median 11 months) published between 1970 and 2018. Vessel wall deposition of complement C3 was seen in 40 cases. Immunoglobulin M (N = 24), immunoglobulin A (N = 21), immunoglobulin G (N = 13), and immunoglobulin E (N = 3) were less frequently detected. Gender, age, clinical features, and disease duration were not statistically different in cases with and without vessel wall deposition of immunoglobulin A.
CONCLUSION
Immune deposits in skin vessels, most frequently complement C3, are common in subjects with acute hemorrhagic edema of young children, providing furhter evidence that acute hemorrhagic edema, immunoglobulin A vasculitis, and pauci-immune vasculitides are different entities.
Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Immunoglobulins; Skin; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous
PubMed: 31755135
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14041 -
Case Reports in Hematology 2020While the association of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described in a few case reports, management of ITP as an...
While the association of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described in a few case reports, management of ITP as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD) is less studied. There are approximately a dozen cases describing the management of patients dually diagnosed with CD/ITP. Previous reports postulated that the mechanism of ITP in CD was through the presence of circulating immune complexes in the serum and antigenic mimicry due to increased mucosal permeability in active colitis, versus increased mucosal production of TH1-type proinflammatory cytokines during CD flares, which may account for remission of ITP with surgery for CD. We present a case of a 27-year-old man who presented with medically refractory CD and ITP who responded to surgical management with colectomy and splenectomy, along with a systematic review of the literature. These cases suggest that colectomy should be considered in the treatment of medically refractory ITP among patients with concomitant CD.
PubMed: 32274225
DOI: 10.1155/2020/4785759