-
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and... Dec 2020Several reports have determined that changes in white blood cell counts and inflammatory biomarkers are related to disease outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Several reports have determined that changes in white blood cell counts and inflammatory biomarkers are related to disease outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and they can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers. For introducing a factor as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker, diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic review and meta-analysis are recommended. For the first time, we aimed to determine the accuracies of white blood cell counts and inflammatory biomarkers for prognosis of COVID-19 patient's outcome by a DTA meta-analysis. Until August24, 2020, we searched Web of Sciences, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases to achieve related papers. Summary points and lines of included studies were calculated from 2×2 tables by bivariate/hierarchical models. Critical condition and mortality were considered as outcomes. A total of 13387 patients from 28 studies were included in this study. Six biomarkers containing leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, increased level of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), and ferritin met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the area under the curve (AUCHSROC) indicated that the PCT was the only applicable prognostic biomarker for critical condition and mortality (AUCHSROC=0.80 for both conditions). Pooled-diagnostic odds ratios were 6.78 (95% CI, 3.65-12.61) for prognosis of critical condition and 13.21 (95% CI, 3.95-44.19) for mortality. Other biomarkers had insufficient accuracies for both conditions (AUCHSROC< 0.80). Among evaluated biomarkers, only PCT has good accuracy for the prognosis of both critical condition and mortality in COVID-19 and it can be considered as a single prognostic biomarker for poor outcomes. Also, PCT has more accuracy for the prognosis of mortality in comparison to critical condition.
Topics: Area Under Curve; C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; Critical Illness; Ferritins; Humans; Hyperferritinemia; Leukocytosis; Lymphopenia; Neutrophils; Procalcitonin; Prognosis; ROC Curve; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33463126
DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i6.4926 -
Nutrition Journal Feb 2024Dairy products and their components may impact immune function, although the current evidence base has some research gaps. As part of a larger systematic literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dairy products and their components may impact immune function, although the current evidence base has some research gaps. As part of a larger systematic literature review of dairy products/components (including probiotics, dairy proteins, and dairy fats) and immune function, we identified the available epidemiologic research on the impact of dairy products/components on incidence and natural history of infectious diseases.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched through May 2022 to identify eligible studies using pre-defined Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study design criteria. Herein, we focused on describing the impacts of dairy product/component on infectious disease outcomes, including the effect on leukocyte and cytokine response in humans. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
RESULTS
Among 9,832 studies identified from the larger literature search, 133 relevant publications from 128 studies reported on dairy product/component and infectious disease outcomes. Few studies are available on the impact of non-fermented milk and traditional yogurt on infectious disease. Evidence was identified to suggest milk and yogurt drinks fermented with Lactobacillus strains reduce the risk and burden of common infectious diseases (CIDs), although the findings are mixed and difficult to reconcile due to heterogenous study populations, bacterial strains, and study methods. Few studies are available on the impact of dairy products/components on the natural history of infection, with the available findings indicating probiotics may both improve gastrointestinal symptoms among HIV-infected persons and help eradicate and alleviate the symptoms of Heliobacter (H.) pylori. The available evidence also suggests lactoferrin may reduce the virological burden of COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus. No consistent changes in leukocytes or cytokine production were observed for any type of dairy product or their components, but probiotics appeared to enhance natural killer cell levels/activity and the phagocytic process.
CONCLUSIONS
Dairy products, particularly those with added probiotics, may represent an easily accessible nutritional intervention to prevent and improve the course of infectious diseases. This review highlights the need for additional research in this potentially impactful area.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42022333780.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Incidence; Dairy Products; Milk; Yogurt; Cytokines; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 38413931
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00923-7 -
Pediatrics Jan 2022Immune system dysfunction is poorly represented in pediatric organ dysfunction definitions.
CONTEXT
Immune system dysfunction is poorly represented in pediatric organ dysfunction definitions.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate evidence for criteria that define immune system dysfunction in critically ill children and associations with adverse outcomes and develop consensus criteria for the diagnosis of immune system dysfunction in critically ill children.
DATA SOURCES
We conducted electronic searches of PubMed and Embase from January 1992 to January 2020, using medical subject heading terms and text words to define immune system dysfunction and outcomes of interest.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies of critically ill children with an abnormality in leukocyte numbers or function that is currently measurable in the clinical laboratory in which researchers assessed patient-centered outcomes were included. Studies of adults or premature infants, animal studies, reviews and commentaries, case series (≤10 subjects), and studies not published in English with inability to determine eligibility criteria were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted from eligible studies into a standard data extraction form along with risk of bias assessment by a task force member.
RESULTS
We identified the following criteria for immune system dysfunction: (1) peripheral absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/μL, (2) peripheral absolute lymphocyte count <1000 cells/μL, (3) reduction in CD4+ lymphocyte count or percentage of total lymphocytes below age-specific thresholds, (4) monocyte HLA-DR expression <30%, or (5) reduction in ex vivo whole blood lipopolysaccharide-induced TNFα production capacity below manufacturer-provided thresholds.
LIMITATIONS
Many measures of immune system function are currently limited to the research environment.
CONCLUSIONS
We present consensus criteria for the diagnosis of immune system dysfunction in critically ill children.
Topics: Child; Critical Illness; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immune System; Immune System Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphopenia; Multiple Organ Failure; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Severity of Illness Index; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34970674
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052888N -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are under-reported in Malaysia. The actual disease frequency of PID in this country is unknown due to the absence of a national...
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are under-reported in Malaysia. The actual disease frequency of PID in this country is unknown due to the absence of a national patient registry for PID. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence rates of PID cases diagnosed and published in Malaysia from 1st of January 1979 until 1st of March 2020. It also aimed to describe the various types of PIDs reported in Malaysia. Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, all published literature of PID cases from Malaysia was identified and collated. All cases that fulfilled the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification diagnosis were included in the systematic review. Data were retrieved and collated into a proforma. A total of 4,838 articles were identified and screened, with 34 publications and 119 patients fulfilling the criteria and being included in the systematic review. The prevalence rate was 0.37 per 100,000 population. In accordance with the IUIS, the distribution of diagnostic classifications was immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunities (36 patients, 30.3%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (21 patients, 17.6%), predominant antibody deficiencies (24 patients, 20.2%), diseases of immune dysregulation (13 patients, 10.9%), congenital defects in phagocyte number or function (20 patients, 16.8%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4 patients, 3.4%), and autoinflammatory disorders (1 patient, 0.8%). Parental consanguinity was 2.5%. Thirteen different gene mutations were available in 21.8% of the cases. PIDs are underdiagnosed and under-reported in Malaysia. Developing PID healthcare and a national patient registry is much needed to enhance the outcome of PID patient care.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Malaysia; Male; Prevalence; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32983118
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01923 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Mar 2022Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide,resulting in a large global economic burden. Recently, complementary and...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide,resulting in a large global economic burden. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have received great attention. Puerarin (Pue) is an isoflavone isolated from the roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (also named "Ge gen" in China), and is a versatile TCM herb used for the treatment of fever, diarrhea, diabetes mellitus CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases. Numerous lines ofin vitro studies, as well as in vivo animal experiments have established that Pue offers beneficial roles against the progression of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure hypertension and arrhythmia by inhibiting pathological processes, such as the mitigation of endothelium injury, protection against inflammation, the disturbance of lipid metabolism, protection against ischemic reperfusion injury, anti-myocardial remodeling and other effects. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the pharmacological actions and molecular targets of Pue in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, to provide insights into the therapeutic potential of Pue in treating cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Endothelium, Vascular; Foam Cells; Heart Function Tests; Hypolipidemic Agents; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Isoflavones; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pueraria
PubMed: 35066299
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655 -
Inflammation Feb 2022Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The incidence of asthma has continued to increase every year. Bronchial asthma...
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The incidence of asthma has continued to increase every year. Bronchial asthma involves a variety of cells, including airway inflammatory cells, structural cells, and neutrophils, which have gained more attention because they secrete substances that play an important role in the occurrence and development of asthma. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mesh-like structures composed of DNA, histones, and non-histone molecules that can be secreted from neutrophils. NETs can enrich anti-bacterial substances and limit pathogen migration, thus having a protective effect in case of inflammation. However, despite of their anti-inflammatory properties, NETs have been shown to trigger allergic asthma and worsen asthma progression. Here, we provide a systematic review of the roles of NETs in asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Disease Progression; Extracellular Traps; Humans; Neutrophils; Patient Acuity
PubMed: 34480251
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01526-8 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Mar 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in women with a history of abortion (missed and threatened) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in comparison with healthy pregnancies.
METHODS
Electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for NLR and PLR in women who experienced early pregnancy loss up to January 1, 2023 with a combination of proper keywords. Meta-analysis was done for comparison with three or more studies and summary estimates were measured.
RESULTS
A total of 390 citations were retrieved initially, and after screening, 16 articles were deemed eligible for the final review. Among these, 14 studies underwent meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the standard mean of the NLR was significantly higher in abortion cases compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the PLR between the pregnancy loss group and the control group.
CONCLUSION
NLR was significantly higher among RPL patients compared to the control group, according to these data, NLR may be capable of being used in the diagnosis of RPL as an easy, cheap, and accessible modality. Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken to determine the diagnostic value of NLR and PLR in early pregnancy loss.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Neutrophils; Blood Platelets; Lymphocytes; Abortion, Habitual; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38506423
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1210 -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering Jul 2021Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing...
Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing new insight into disease progression. There are two major elements to immunity that are necessary to model: primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune components. Here, we systematically review progress made along three strategies to modeling immunity: ex vivo cultures, which preserve native tissue structure; microfluidic devices, which constitute a versatile approach to providing physiologically relevant fluid flow and environmental control; and engineered tissues, which provide precise control of the 3D microenvironment and biophysical cues. While many models focus on disease modeling, more primary immune tissue models are necessary to advance the field. Moving forward, we anticipate that the expansion of patient-specific models may inform why immunity varies from patient to patient and allow for the rapid comprehension and treatment of emerging diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Biophysics; COVID-19; Humans; Immune System; Immunity, Innate; In Vitro Techniques; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Mice; Microfluidics; SARS-CoV-2; Thymus Gland; Tissue Array Analysis; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33872520
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082420-124920 -
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Feb 2023Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at significant risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at significant risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely available inflammatory biomarker which may be of prognostic value in this setting.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting associations between perioperative NLR with postoperative AKI. We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library, without language restriction, from inception to May 2022 for relevant studies. We meta-analysed the reported odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for both elevated preoperative and postoperative NLR with risk of postoperative AKI and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). We conducted a meta-regression to explore inter-study statistical heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Twelve studies involving 10,724 participants undergoing cardiac surgery were included, with eight studies being deemed at high risk of bias using PROBAST modelling. We found statistically significant associations between elevated preoperative NLR and postoperative AKI (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18-1.77), as well as postoperative need for RRT (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.50-3.72). Postoperative NLR measurements were not of prognostic significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated preoperative NLR is a reliable inflammatory biomarker for predicting AKI following cardiac surgery.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Biomarkers; Acute Kidney Injury
PubMed: 36367845
DOI: 10.1111/aas.14170 -
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology May 2023Gaucher disease [GD], an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, is characterized by progressive lysosomal storage of glucocerebroside in macrophages... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Gaucher disease [GD], an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, is characterized by progressive lysosomal storage of glucocerebroside in macrophages predominantly in bone, bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Meta-analysis of global GD epidemiology was not available before this study.
METHODS
To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of birth prevalence and prevalence of GD in multiple countries. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for original research articles on the epidemiology of GD from inception until July 21, 2021. Meta-analysis, adopting a random-effects logistic model, was performed to estimate the birth prevalence and prevalence of GD.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies that were screened of 1874 records were included for data extraction. The studies that fulfilled the criteria for inclusion involved 15 areas/countries. The global birth prevalence of GD was 1.5 cases [95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 2.0] per 100,000 live births. The global prevalence of GD was 0.9 cases [95% confidence interval: 0.7 to 1.1] per 100,000 inhabitants.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first comprehensive systematic review that presented quantitative data of GD global epidemiology. Quantitative data on global epidemiology of GD could be the fundamental to evaluate the global efforts on building a better world for GD patients.
Topics: Humans; Gaucher Disease; Liver; Prevalence; Macrophages
PubMed: 35867706
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002506