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Heliyon Mar 2020Natural resources provide more efficient and safer alternatives in managing diabetes compare to the synthetic oral anti diabetes (OAD). The plants not only have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Natural resources provide more efficient and safer alternatives in managing diabetes compare to the synthetic oral anti diabetes (OAD). The plants not only have hypoglycemic effect, but also prevent its complications; in which no synthetic drugs provide of both properties. Among antidiabetes plants, mahogany seed () has been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia and India, though most popular utilized as timber wood.
METHODS
The present study was performed of chemotaxonomic approach to review its phytochemical and anti-diabetic properties of (L.) Jacq seed/bark/leaves. The qualitative systematic review (SR) was carried out by analysing indexed journals and peer reviewed of and spp from Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Data selection criteria are accordance to botany, phytochemistry, , , and clinical test of related subject. The keywords used for the search in the databases were , mahagony, diabetes, and diabetes plants.
RESULTS
(L.) Jacq. extracts have shown , and limited clinically test of its anti-diabetic properties. Ethanolic/methanolic/aqueous/petroleum/n-hexane extracts of mahagonis's seed/bark or leaves have anti-diabetic activities comparable to the synthetic drug and observed no to relatively mild toxic effect. The hypoglycemic mechanism suggested via reducing blood glucose level, restoring liver and -cells islet function (might) blocking epinephrine function, inhibiting of -amylase and -glucosidase, antioxidant and antihiperlipidemia. Phytochemical compounds of consist of the phenolics (flavonoids (swietemacrophyllanin, catechins and epichatechins) and tannins), triterpenoids and tetranortriterpenoids (limonoids: mahonin, secomahoganin, swietmanins, swiemahogins, swietenine and swietenolide), saponins and alkaloids which are known as anti-diabetic bioactive principles.
CONCLUSION
was potentially used and developed as an antidiabetes source. To use it as an antidiabetic further, more extensive clinical trials and biomarkers of active compounds determination are needed.
PubMed: 32190758
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03536 -
Nutrients Sep 2019The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals in food supplements are a trending approach to facilitate dieting and to improve patients'...
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals in food supplements are a trending approach to facilitate dieting and to improve patients' adherence to reducing food and caloric intake. The aim of this systematic review was to assess efficacy and safety of the most commonly used bioactive phytochemicals with appetite/hunger-suppressing and/or satiety/fullness-increasing properties. To be eligible, studies needed to have included at least 10 patients per group aged 18 years or older with no serious health problems except for overweight or obesity. Of those studies, 32 met the inclusion criteria, in which 27 different plants were tested alone or as a combination, regarding their efficacy in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. The plant extracts most tested were derived from (green tea), , and species. None of the plant extracts tested in several trials showed a consistent positive treatment effect. Furthermore, only a few adverse events were reported, but none serious. The findings revealed mostly inconclusive evidence that the tested bioactive phytochemicals are effective in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. More systematic and high quality clinical studies are necessary to determine the benefits and safety of phytochemical complementary remedies for dampening the feeling of hunger during dieting.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Appetite Regulation; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Phytochemicals; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Satiety Response; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31533291
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092238 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Fruits and vegetables are used not only for nutritional purposes but also as therapeutics to treat various diseases and ailments. These food items are prominent sources... (Review)
Review
Fruits and vegetables are used not only for nutritional purposes but also as therapeutics to treat various diseases and ailments. These food items are prominent sources of phytochemicals that exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against several diseases. Hirsutine (HSN) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid found in various Uncaria species and has a multitude of therapeutic benefits. It is found in foodstuffs such as fish, seafood, meat, poultry, dairy, and some grain products among other things. In addition, it is present in fruits and vegetables including corn, cauliflower, mushrooms, potatoes, bamboo shoots, bananas, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits. The primary emphasis of this study is to summarize the pharmacological activities and the underlying mechanisms of HSN against different diseases, as well as the biopharmaceutical features. For this, data were collected (up to date as of 1 July 2023) from various reliable and authentic literature by searching different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Findings indicated that HSN exerts several effects in various preclinical and pharmacological experimental systems. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities with beneficial effects in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings also indicate that HSN exerts promising anticancer potentials via several molecular mechanisms, including apoptotic cell death, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, anti-proliferative effect, genotoxic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion against various cancers such as lung, breast, and antitumor effects in human T-cell leukemia. Taken all together, findings from this study show that HSN can be a promising therapeutic agent to treat various diseases including cancer.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Biological Products; Alkaloids; Vegetables; Agaricales
PubMed: 37630393
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166141 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021The L. leaf is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating dengue- and non-dengue-associated thrombocytopaenia. In that regard, safety... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The L. leaf is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating dengue- and non-dengue-associated thrombocytopaenia. In that regard, safety considerations are as important as efficacy potential. The safety evaluation of botanical products for human use is complicated by variable formulations, complex phytochemical composition, and extrinsic toxicants. This review aimed to systematically collate related safety clinical and preclinical data, as well as reports on herb-drug interactions of leaf consumption.
METHODS
A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Central, LILACS, and Web of Science) and grey literature was conducted. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies were identified, screened, and analysed to present an overall safety profile of leaf consumption.
RESULTS
A total of 41 articles were included (23 clinical, 5 ongoing trials, and 13 preclinical) for descriptive analysis on study characteristics, adverse reactions, toxicity findings, and herb-drug interactions, from which 13 randomised controlled and quasiexperimental trials were further assessed for risk of bias and reporting quality. Overall, leaf consumption (in the form of juice and standardised aqueous extract) was well tolerated by adult humans for short durations (
CONCLUSION
leaf consumption in adults is generally safe for short-term use though cautioned in pregnancy and people with liver impairment. It has potential herb-drug interactions with oral hypoglycaemic agents, p-glycoprotein substrates, and antibiotics with cation chelating properties.
PubMed: 34040647
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511221 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022A systematic review was performed to identify all the related publications describing PCSK9 and atherogenesis biomarkers attenuation associated with a natural product... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review on Attenuation of PCSK9 in Relation to Atherogenesis Biomarkers Associated with Natural Products or Plant Bioactive Compounds in In Vitro Studies: A Critique on the Quality and Imprecision of Studies.
A systematic review was performed to identify all the related publications describing PCSK9 and atherogenesis biomarkers attenuation associated with a natural product and plant bioactive compounds in in vitro studies. This review emphasized the imprecision and quality of the included research rather than the detailed reporting of the results. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct from 2003 until 2021, following the Cochrane handbook. The screening of titles, abstracts, and full papers was performed by two independent reviewers, followed by data extraction and validity. Study quality and validity were assessed using the Imprecision Tool, Model, and Marker Validity Assessment that has been developed for basic science studies. A total of 403 articles were identified and 31 of those that met the inclusion criteria were selected. 13 different atherogenesis biomarkers in relation to PCSK9 were found, and the most studied biomarkers are LDLR, SREBP, and HNF1α. In terms of quality, our review suggests that the basic science study in investigating atherogenesis biomarkers is deficient in terms of imprecision and validity.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biological Products; Biomarkers; Humans; Phytochemicals; Proprotein Convertase 9; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
PubMed: 36232177
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912878 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... May 2023Food intake behavior is influenced by both physiological and psychological complex processes, such as appetite, satiety, and hunger. The neuroendocrine regulation of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Food intake behavior is influenced by both physiological and psychological complex processes, such as appetite, satiety, and hunger. The neuroendocrine regulation of food intake integrates short- and long-term acting signals that modulate the moment of intake and energy storage/expenditure, respectively. These signals are classified as orexigenic, those that activate anabolic pathways and the desire of eating, and anorexigenic, those that activate the catabolic pathways and a sensation of satiety. Appetite control by natural vegetal compounds is an intense area of research and new pharmacological interventions have been emerging based on an understanding of appetite regulation pathways. Several validated psychometric tools are used to assess the efficacy of these plant ingredients. However, these data are not conclusive if they are not complemented with physiological parameters, such as anthropometric evaluations (body weight and composition) and the analysis of hormones related to adipose tissue and appetite in blood.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this manuscript is the critical analysis of the plant compounds studied to date in the literature with potential for the neuroendocrine regulation of hunger in order to determine if the use of phytochemicals for the treatment of obesity constitutes an effective and/or promising therapeutic tool.
METHODS
Relevant information on neuroendocrine regulation of hunger and satiety for the treatment of obesity by plant compounds up to 2022 in English and/or Spanish were derived from online databases using the PubMed search engine and Google Scholar with relevant keywords and operators.
RESULTS
Accordingly, the comparison performed in this review between previous studies showed a high degree of experimental heterogeneity. Among the studies reviewed here, only a few of them establish comprehensively a potential correlation between the effect of the ingredient on hunger or satiety, body changes and a physiological response.
CONCLUSIONS
More systematic clinical studies are required in future research. The first approach should be to decode the pattern of circulating hormones regulating hunger, satiety, and appetite in overweight/obese subjects. Thereafter, studies should correlate brain connectivity at the level of the hypothalamus, gut and adipose tissue with the hormone patterns modulating appetite and satiety. Extracts whose mode of action have been well characterized and that are safe, can be used clinically to perform a moderate, but continuous, caloric restriction in overweight patients to lose weight excess into a controlled protocol.
Topics: Humans; Hunger; Overweight; Appetite; Obesity; Hormones; Energy Intake
PubMed: 36921427
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154735 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Botanical drug products consist of complex phytochemical constituents that vary based on various factors that substantially produce different pharmacological activities...
Botanical drug products consist of complex phytochemical constituents that vary based on various factors that substantially produce different pharmacological activities and possible side effects. (Blume) Kuntze (Primulaceae) is one of the most popular Malay traditional botanical drugs and widely recognized for its medicinal use. Many studies have been conducted focusing on the identification of bioactive substances, pharmacological and toxicological activities in its specific varieties but less comprehensive study on authentication. Lack of quality control (QC) measurement assessment may cause different quality issues on containing products like adulteration by pharmaceutical substances, substitution, contamination, misidentification with toxic plant species, which may be detrimental to consumers' health and safety. This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the current scenario on the quality control of botanical drug products as determined by pharmacopoeia requirements specifically for authentication or identification. A systematic search for peer-reviewed publications to document literature search for authentication was performed using four electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect for related studies from January 2010 to December 2021. The research studies published in English and related articles for identification or authentication of were the main inclusion criteria in this review. A total 122 articles were identified, whereby 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Macroscopy, microscopy, chemical fingerprinting techniques using chromatography, spectroscopy and hyphenated techniques, and genetic-based fingerprinting using DNA barcoding method have been used to identify and to distinguish between different varieties and plant parts. The study concluded that a combination of approaches is necessary for authenticating botanical drug substances and products containing to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of marketed botanical drug products, particularly those with therapeutic claims.
PubMed: 35754509
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855384 -
Journal of Evidence-based Integrative... 2023Cassava ( Crantz) is considered one of the essential tuber crops, serving as a dietary staple food for various populations. This systematic review provides a... (Review)
Review
Cassava ( Crantz) is considered one of the essential tuber crops, serving as a dietary staple food for various populations. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of the nutritional and therapeutic properties of cassava, which is an important dietary staple and traditional medicine. The review aims to evaluate and summarize the phytochemical components of cassava and their association with pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and nutritional importance in global food crises. To collect all relevant information, electronic databases; Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Preprint Platforms were searched for studies on cassava from inception until October 2022. A total of 1582 studies were screened, while only 34 were included in this review. The results of the review indicate that cassava has diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic effects, and wound healing properties. However, more studies that aim to isolate the phytochemicals in cassava extracts and evaluate their pharmacological property are necessary to further validate their medical and nutritional values.
Topics: Manihot; Vegetables; Crops, Agricultural; Plant Tubers; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 37822215
DOI: 10.1177/2515690X231206227 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2024The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla species have long been prescribed for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, pruritus vulvae, menopausal complaints, and related diseases in women. This review summarizes the traditional uses, highlights promising plant species, and focuses on phytochemical and biological studies to highlight future areas of research.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Alchemilla species, covering their botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological and pharmacological activities, and to summarize the current research status to better understand the application value of Alchemilla plants in modern phytotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search strategy utilized the major thematic platforms Reaxys, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, the USDA Plant Database and Kew Science (Royal Botanic Gardens) and was performed with the term Alchemilla. These platforms were systematically searched for articles published from 1960 to 2023.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Alchemilla species, as members of the Rosaceae family, produce tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, triterpenes and violet compounds. Effort has been made with this comprehensive review of Alchemilla plants to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in modern phytochemistry and phytotherapy, underlaying a broad spectrum of the activities of these plants, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiobesity, cardiovascular, anticancer, and wound healing effects.
CONCLUSIONS
An increasing number of studies on the plants in the Alchemilla genus have provided data about the main constituents and their importance in modern medicine. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that Alchemilla plants possess an extensive spectrum of biological activities. Regardless of the remarkable medical potential of Alchemilla extracts, clinical studies are limited and need to be performed to produce safer and less expensive plant-based drugs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ethnopharmacology; Plants, Medicinal; Alchemilla; Rosaceae; Anthocyanins; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37981119
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117439 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is mainly extracted from tea, onions, and apples. It has the underlying neuroprotective effect on experimental ischemic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is mainly extracted from tea, onions, and apples. It has the underlying neuroprotective effect on experimental ischemic stroke. A systematic review and meta-analysis were used to assess quercetin's efficacy and possible mechanisms in treating focal cerebral ischemia. Compared with the control group, twelve studies reported a remarkable function of quercetin in improving the neurological function score (NFS) ( < 0.05), and twelve studies reported a significant effect on reducing infarct volume ( < 0.05). Moreover, two and three studies showed that quercetin could alleviate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and brain water content, respectively. The mechanisms of quercetin against focal cerebral ischemia are diverse, involving antioxidation, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammation, and calcium overload reduction. On the whole, the present study suggested that quercetin can exert a protective effect on experimental ischemic stroke. Although the effect size may be overestimated because of the quality of studies and possible publication bias, these results indicated that quercetin might be a promising neuroprotective agent for human ischemic stroke. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD 42021275656.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cerebral Infarction; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Permeability; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35251482
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9749461