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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Feb 2024Although light skin types are associated with increased skin cancer risk, a lower incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been reported in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although light skin types are associated with increased skin cancer risk, a lower incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been reported in patients with vitiligo. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the NMSC risk in patients with vitiligo, indicating a reduced relative risk ratio of NMSC in vitiligo. Furthermore, we propose a series of hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms, including both immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated pathways. This study reveals insights into the relationship between vitiligo and keratinocyte cancer and can also be used to better inform patients with vitiligo.
Topics: Humans; Keratinocytes; Melanoma; Risk; Skin Neoplasms; Vitiligo
PubMed: 37791932
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.012 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2021This systematic review aims to identify and interpret results of studies that evaluated the changes in the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic materials due to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This systematic review aims to identify and interpret results of studies that evaluated the changes in the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic materials due to chemical instability of silicones and pigments and the effect of exposure to environmental conditions and aging factors on the same.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant articles written in English only, before November 15, 2019, were identified using an electronic search in the PubMed/Medline conducted to identify pertinent articles. The relevancy of the articles was verified by screening the title, abstract, and full text, if they met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 articles satisfied the criteria, from which data were extracted for qualitative synthesis. This review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019124562).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Since considerable data heterogenicity was present in all studies except the ones on incorporation of TiO2 for which meta-analysis using random effects model was performed.
RESULTS
The database search resulted in 234 studies, of which 202 articles were excluded due to lack of relevance, duplication, and unavailability of data. The remaining 32 fulltext articles were assessed for eligibility, out of which 2 articles were excluded. Twelve articles were yielded by manual search. A total of 42 studies were included in the present systematic review. Due to heterogeneous data, meta-analysis could be only carried out with the effect of TiO nano particle on color stability.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there has been extensive amount of research in this field, an ideal maxillofacial silicone exhibiting good color stability in various human and environmental aging conditions is yet to be identified. Human and environmental aging conditions have an adverse effect on the color stability and addition of TiO nano particle seems to improve the same.
Topics: Humans; Silicone Elastomers
PubMed: 33938863
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_253_19 -
Medicine Mar 2022Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are 2 medications used to treat some systemic diseases. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are 2 medications used to treat some systemic diseases.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this scoping review was to assess the occurrence of oral pigmentation induced by chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and to understand the pathogenic mechanism behind this phenomenon.
METHODS
The review was performed according to the list of PRISMA SrC recommendations and the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews. MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, Lilacs, and LIVIVO were primary sources, and "gray literature" was searched in OpenThesis and Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD). Studies that screened the occurrence of oral pigmentation associated to the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine were considered eligible. No restrictions of year and language of publication were applied. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed through the JBI tool, depending on the design of the selected studies.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 2238 studies, of which 19 were eligible. Sixteen studies were case reports, 2 had case-control design and 1 was cross-sectional. Throughout the studies, 44 cases of oral pigmentation were reported. The hard palate was the anatomic region most affected with pigmentation (66%). According to the case reports, most of the lesions (44%) were bluish-gray. The minimum time from the beginning of treatment (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine) to the occurrence of pigmentation was 6 months. The mean treatment time with the medications was 4.9 years, and the mean drug dosage was 244 mg. Most of the studies (63.1%) had low risk of bias (high methodological quality).
CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes of this study suggest that hyperpigmentation depend on drug dosage and treatment length. Hyperpigmentation was detected after a long period of treatment with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.
Topics: Chloroquine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Hyperpigmentation; Pigmentation
PubMed: 35356915
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029044 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2021Vitiligo is disfiguring and devastating condition that can humans feel stigmatic and devalued. Melasma is a general condition of hyperpigmentation particularly involving... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Vitiligo is disfiguring and devastating condition that can humans feel stigmatic and devalued. Melasma is a general condition of hyperpigmentation particularly involving the face. The pigmentation disorders of vitiligo (hypopigmentation or de-pigmentation) and melasma (Hypermelanosis) are common among the world's population (around 1% for vitiligo).
OBJECTIVE
The identification of medicinal plants used in the treatment of vitiligo and hypermelanosis. A systematic literature review on harms associated with the medicinal plants used in the treatment of vitiligo and hypermelanosis. To review and summarize information on reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with these medicinal plants contained in (where access is available) national and global individual case safety report databases.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature with special reference to all types of clinical trial and case reports using biomedical databases including Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and so forth to identify medicinal plants alone or as an adjuvant with other treatments and their safety/tolerability in the treatment of vitiligo and Hypermelanosis. Other sources of this search were medicinal plants text books, pharmacopoeias and authentic websites discussing possible treatments for vitiligo/hypermelanosis. It also included databases such as VigiAccess containing data from spontaneous reporting schemes for ADRs.
RESULTS
A total of 55 articles (47 clinical trials and 8 case reports) met the inclusion criteria. Some trials did not reported safety information, some did report, but not very well. Reports of blistering, erythema, acute hepatitis and mutagenesis with . Adverse effects of erythema (mild to severe), phototoxic reactions, mild raise in liver transaminases, gastrointestinal disturbances, burns, itching, scaling, depigmented macules, pruritis, and giddiness with the use of psoralens. Khellin-related erythema, perilesional hyperpigmentation, gastrointestinal disturbances, mild raise in liver transaminases and orthostatic complaints. Infrequent side effects with Ginkgo biloba. Lower grade of erythema and edema reported with the use of
CONCLUSION
Primarily the retrieved clinical studies were efficacy oriented and safety parameters were secondary in priority whilst the general protocol of clinical trials requires the screening of drugs/medicinal plants on the basis of safety studies before testing the clinical aspects of efficacy. Thereby it is recommended that efficacy studies may be followed once the safety has been established for a particular medicinal plant in treating vitiligo and hypermelanosis.
PubMed: 33790609
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S298342 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Oral-pigmented lesions have raised aesthetic concerns, leading to multiple depigmentation techniques. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral-pigmented lesions have raised aesthetic concerns, leading to multiple depigmentation techniques. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of different treatments for oral hyperpigmentation.
METHODS
A computerized search was conducted on Science Direct, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the relevant keywords. English-language studies published between 2013 and 2023 that focused on patients with oral pigmented lesions subjected to different treatment modalities, such as laser or surgical intervention, were compared to determine their efficacy and safety profile. Data were analyzed using R software, applying frequentist models.
RESULTS
A total of 27 studies were included. In contrast to the CO laser, Er: YAG laser was linked to a higher risk of bleeding (RR = 2.73, < 0.01), whereas the diode laser had the most favorable score in minimizing bleeding index (P-score = 0.86). In terms of lower risk and postoperative pain score (RR = 0.01, < 0.01), the Er,Cr:YSGG laser had the most favorable result (P-score = 1.00). The Er: YAG laser demonstrated the highest probability of preventing recurrence (RR = 0.28, < 0.01), followed by the diode laser (RR = 0.42, < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The choice of treatment for oral pigmentation should be based on individual patient needs and the desired outcomes. The Er: YAG laser seems highly effective in preventing pigment recurrence, the diode laser emerges as a top contender in managing bleeding risks, and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser is particularly efficacious in managing postoperative pain.
PubMed: 37892705
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206567 -
Skin Appendage Disorders Jun 2021Smoking is not only a preventable cause of significant systemic disease but also affects the follicular growth cycle and fiber pigmentation. Ambient tobacco smoke... (Review)
Review
Smoking is not only a preventable cause of significant systemic disease but also affects the follicular growth cycle and fiber pigmentation. Ambient tobacco smoke exposure results in nicotine accumulation in hair follicles and the hair shaft. This review summarizes the evidence on the association between smoking and hair health, as denoted by alopecia and premature hair graying (PHG). In July 2020, a review of the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL databases identified 32 studies investigating the relationship between smoking, PHG, and alopecia (androgenetic alopecia and frontal fibrosing alopecia). The prevalence of hair loss and PHG is more prevalent in smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking is associated with negative effects on hair health as evidenced in PHG and alopecia. Smoking status should be assessed in patients who are presenting to their dermatologist for evaluation of alopecia and PHG.
PubMed: 34307472
DOI: 10.1159/000512865 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Mar 2022Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare but fatal microgliopathy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to multifaceted symptoms... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare but fatal microgliopathy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to multifaceted symptoms that can mimic several other neurological disorders. Imaging provides diagnostic clues that help identify cases. The objective of this study was to integrate the literature on neuroimaging phenotypes of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for neuroimaging findings of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy via PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase on 25 August 2021. The search included cases with confirmed CSF1R mutations reported under the previous terms hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids, pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy, and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia. In 78 studies providing neuroimaging data, 195 cases were identified carrying CSF1R mutations in 14 exons and five introns. Women had a statistically significant earlier age of onset (p = 0.041, 40 vs 43 years). Mean delay between symptom onset and neuroimaging was 2.3 years. Main magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were frontoparietal white matter lesions, callosal thinning, and foci of restricted diffusion. The hallmark computed tomography (CT) finding was white matter calcifications. Widespread cerebral hypometabolism and hypoperfusion were reported using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. In conclusion, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is associated with progressive white matter lesions and brain atrophy that can resemble other neurodegenerative/-inflammatory disorders. However, long-lasting diffusion restriction and parenchymal calcifications are more specific findings that can aid the differential diagnosis. Native brain CT and brain MRI (with and without a contrast agent) are recommended with proposed protocols and pictorial examples are provided.
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Leukoencephalopathies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mutation; Neuroimaging; Phenotype
PubMed: 34875121
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13420 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research May 2022Acral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Acral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been conducted to date. A literature review was carried out to identify studies sequencing AM. Whole-genome/exome data from 181 samples were identified. Targeted panel sequencing data from MSK-IMPACT were included as a validation cohort (n = 92), and studies using targeted hot spot sequencing were also collated for BRAF (n = 26 studies), NRAS (n = 21), and KIT (n = 32). Statistical analysis indicated BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, TYRP1, and KIT as significantly mutated genes. Frequent copy-number aberrations were also found for important cancer genes, such as CDKN2A, KIT, MDM2, CCND1, CDK4, and PAK1, among others. Mapping genomic alterations within the context of the hallmarks of cancer identified four components frequently altered, including (i) sustained proliferative signaling and (ii) evading growth suppression, (iii) genome instability and mutation, and (iv) enabling replicative immortality. This analysis provides the largest analysis of genomic aberrations in AM in the literature to date and highlights pathways that may be therapeutically targetable.
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Melanoma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35229492
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13034 -
RSC Advances Jun 2021Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two... (Review)
Review
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two key steps of melanogenesis: tyrosine's hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and oxidation of the latter species to dopaquinone. Melanin guards against the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation which is known to produce considerable pathological disorders such as skin cancer, among others. Moreover, the overproduction of melanin can create aesthetic problems along with serious disorders linked to hyperpigmented spots or patches on skin. Several skin-whitening products which reduce melanogenesis activity and alleviate hyperpigmentation are commercially available. A few of them, particularly those obtained from natural sources and that incorporate a phenolic scaffold, have been exploited in the cosmetic industry. In this context, synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors (TIs) with elevated efficacy and fewer side effects are direly needed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries owing to their protective effect against pigmentation and dermatological disorders. Furthermore, the biological significance of the chromone skeleton and its associated medicinal and bioactive properties has drawn immense interest and inspired many researchers to design and develop novel anti-tyrosinase agents based on the flavonoid core (2-arylchromone). This review article is oriented to provide an insight and a deeper understanding of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of natural and bioinspired phenolic compounds with special emphasis on flavonoids to demonstrate how the position of ring substituents and their interaction with tyrosinase could be correlated with their effectiveness or lack thereof against inhibiting the enzyme.
PubMed: 35480807
DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03196a -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022Chloasma is a common skin pigment disorder. Treatment of chloasma has been challenging, often unsatisfactory, and difficult to avoid recurrence. PRP is a new treatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Chloasma is a common skin pigment disorder. Treatment of chloasma has been challenging, often unsatisfactory, and difficult to avoid recurrence. PRP is a new treatment for chloasma, but there is no consensus on its use. Lingyun Zhao's team recently reported a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of PRP in the treatment of chloasma, which is consistent with our ideas, but we will elaborate on the application of PRP in chloasma from a deeper and more comprehensive perspective. Before we started this study, we had registered with Prospero as CRD42021233721.
METHODS
The authors searched the public medical network, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Science Network. The clinical trials registry ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant publications to June 2021. The results showed the area and severity of chloasma (MASI) or revised MASI (mMASI) score.
RESULTS
Three RCTs, one nonrandomized controlled study, and four were prospective before and after self-controlled studies met the inclusive criteria. Intradermal PRP injections significantly improved chloasma as indicated by the significant decrease MASI (average balance -6.71, 95% CI -8.99 to -4.33) and mMASI scores (average balance -2.94, 95% CI -4.81 to -1.07). The adverse reactions were mild, and there were no significant long-term adverse events. . The data can reflect the effectiveness and safety of PRP therapy for chloasma. RCTs are needed to determine effective treatment parameters, and long-term follow-up should be included to better clarify the efficacy and side effects of PRP in treating chloasma.
Topics: Humans; Melanosis; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35432505
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7487452