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Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2022Subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound without the presence of an external source. Increasing evidence suggests that tinnitus is associated with inflammation. In... (Review)
Review
Subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound without the presence of an external source. Increasing evidence suggests that tinnitus is associated with inflammation. In this systematic review, the role of inflammation in subjective tinnitus was studied. Nine animal and twenty human studies reporting inflammatory markers in both humans and animals with tinnitus were included. It was established that TNF-α and IL-1β are increased in tinnitus, and that microglia and astrocytes are activated as well. Moreover, platelet activation may also play a role in tinnitus. In addition, we elaborate on mechanisms of inflammation in tinnitus, and discuss potential treatment options targeting inflammatory pathways.
PubMed: 35207270
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041000 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Anaphylaxis manifests as a severe immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated through the immunological activation of target B-cells by allergens, leading to the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Anaphylaxis manifests as a severe immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated through the immunological activation of target B-cells by allergens, leading to the release of mediators. However, the well-known underlying pathological mechanisms do not fully explain the whole variety of clinical and immunological presentations. We performed a systemic review of proteomic and metabolomic studies and analyzed the extracted data to improve our understanding and identify potential new biomarkers of anaphylaxis.
METHODS
Proteomic and metabolomic studies in both human subjects and experimental models were extracted and selected through a systematic search conducted on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to May 2023.
RESULTS
Of 137 retrieved publications, we considered 12 for further analysis, including seven on proteome analysis and five on metabolome analysis. A meta-analysis of the four human studies identified 118 proteins with varying expression levels in at least two studies. Beside established pathways of mast cells and basophil activation, functional analysis of proteomic data revealed a significant enrichment of biological processes related to neutrophil activation and platelet degranulation and metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid and icosatetraenoic acid. The pathway analysis highlighted also the involvement of neutrophil degranulation, and platelet activation. Metabolome analysis across different models showed 13 common metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan and lysoPC(18:0) lysophosphatidylcholines.
CONCLUSION
Our review highlights the underestimated role of neutrophils and platelets in the pathological mechanisms of anaphylactic reactions. These findings, derived from a limited number of publications, necessitate confirmation through human studies with larger sample sizes and could contribute to the development of new biomarkers for anaphylaxis.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024506246.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Arachidonic Acid; Proteomics; Allergens; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38384462
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328212 -
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Nov 2022Platelet aggregation is a crucial mechanism in the progression of atherothrombotic events. This systematic review aims to introduce the plants studied in healthy people... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Platelet aggregation is a crucial mechanism in the progression of atherothrombotic events. This systematic review aims to introduce the plants studied in healthy people as the primary prevention to inhibit platelet aggregation. We also discuss possible mechanisms that are involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation.
METHODS
A systematic search on the electronic medical databases from 1970 to February 2020 was performed. The selected keywords were: "herb", "plant", "platelet aggregation", "platelet activation", "clinical trial", "randomized" and "controlled".
RESULTS
The result of the initial search was a pool of 136 articles. After initial abstract reviewing, there were 55 relevant articles. Finally, 28 eligible records fulfilled our inclusion criteria to enter the qualitative synthesis process.
CONCLUSION
Out of the 10 plants evaluated in the clinical trials, nine had inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Most of the reviewed plants, including tomato ( L), garlic (), kiwifruit (), cacao (), grape (), ginkgo (), flaxseed (), sea buckthorn berry (), and argan () could be potential sources for the primary prevention of atherothrombotic events at an appropriate dosage. Finally, we do not consider phytoceuticals as a replacement for the guideline-directed medical treatment. Large randomized double-blind clinical trials are required to evaluate the anti-platelet characteristics of these plants for the adjuvant primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Platelet Aggregation; Ginkgo biloba; Garlic; Hippophae; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 36380973
DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2021.91328.2247 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jul 2023The measurement and identification of plasma biomarkers can support the estimation of risk and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with the use of a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The measurement and identification of plasma biomarkers can support the estimation of risk and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the association between the levels of potential biomarkers that reflect the activation of the blood system, long-term vascular complications, inflammatory system, and the occurrence of PICC-related DVT.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases (Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ERIC) were searched to identify literature published until December 2022. Studies were required to report: (I) adult and pediatric patients, outpatient or admitted to clinical, surgical, or ICU with PICC; (II) patients with PICC-related DVT and patients without PICC-related DVT as a comparator; and (III) at least one biomarker available. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Study precision was evaluated by using a funnel plot for platelets level. We provided a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the findings on the biomarkers' outcomes of the studies. We pooled the results using random effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software v5.4. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108871).
RESULTS
Of the 3564 studies identified (after duplication removal), 28 were included. PICC-related DVT was associated with higher D-dimers (0.37 μg/mL, 95% CI 0.02, 0.72; = 0.04, I = 92%; for heterogeneity < 0.00001) and with higher platelets (8.76 × 10/L, 95% CI 1.62, 15.91; = 0.02, I = 41%; for heterogeneity = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS
High levels of D-dimer and platelet were associated with DVT in patients with PICC. However, biomarkers such as APTT, fibrinogen, FDP, glucose, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, INR, prothrombin time, prothrombin fragment 1.2, the thrombin-antithrombin complex, and WBC were not related to the development of DVT associated with PICC.
PubMed: 37445515
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134480 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2019Despite increasing technical improvement and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-related knowledge over the past three decades, morbidity and mortality...
Despite increasing technical improvement and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-related knowledge over the past three decades, morbidity and mortality associated with bleeding and clotting complications remain high in pediatric patients undergoing ECMO. Platelets, a key element of the coagulation system, have been proposed to be the main cause of coagulopathy in the setting of ECMO. This systematic review aims to summarize and discuss the existing knowledge of platelet phenotype and function in the pediatric ECMO population. A systematic review was conducted for the Embase, Medline, and PubMed databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The detailed study selection process yielded a total of 765 studies and only 3 studies that fulfilled the selection criteria were included in this review. Techniques used to assess platelet function in the three existing studies included platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and thromboelastography-platelet mapping. The finding that is common to the three studies is reduced platelet function in pediatric patients during ECMO either compared to before the initiation of ECMO or in non-survivors compared to survivors. Two studies demonstrated reduced platelet aggregation that are irreversible by platelet transfusion during ECMO. Two studies reported bleeding events and mortality in children on ECMO and none of the studies investigated thrombotic events. This systematic review demonstrates the extremely limited information available for platelet phenotype and function in the pediatric ECMO population. Evidence from the existing literature suggests reduced platelet aggregation and increased platelet activation in children during ECMO. However, this needs to be interpreted with care due to the limitations associated with the techniques used for platelet function testing. Furthermore, the association between platelet dysfunction and clinical outcomes in the pediatric ECMO population remains elusive. Multiple research gaps have been identified when it comes to the knowledge of platelet phenotype and function of children on ECMO, highlighting the need for robust, well-designed studies in this setting.
PubMed: 31620448
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00137 -
PloS One 2022Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the coagulation system. Alteration of PLT parameters is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the coagulation system. Alteration of PLT parameters is the common hematological abnormality observed in women with PE. The main aim of this study was to systematically review previous studies from around the world to generate evidence about the relationship between platelet count (PC) and PE, as well as mean platelet volume (MPV) and PE, by calculating the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of PC and MPV between PE and normotensive (NT) groups.
METHODS
Relevant articles which were published in the English language from January 10, 2011, to January 10, 2021, were systematically searched through PubMed, Web of Science, and African journals online. In addition, reference probing of published articles searching was employed through Google Scholar and Google for searching grey literature. The methodological qualities of articles were assessed using Joana Brigg's institute critical appraisal checklist. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled WMD of PLT parameters between the two groups with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata version 11.0. The I2 statistics and Egger's regression test were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias among included studies, respectively.
RESULTS
A total of 25 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Of which, 23 studies were used in each PC and MPV analysis. The overall pooled WMD of PC and MPV between PE and NT groups were -41.45 × 109/L [95% CI; -51.8, -31.0] and 0.98 fl [95% CI; 0.8, 1.1], respectively. The pooled WMD revealed that PC decreased significantly in the PE group compared to the NT group while MPV increased significantly in the PE group.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that there is a significant decrease in PC and a significant increase in MPV during PE development among pregnant women. As a result, a change in these parameters among pregnant women may indicate the development of PE.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Female; Humans; Mean Platelet Volume; Platelet Count; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 36103491
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274398 -
BMC Nutrition May 2022Obesity is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and is associated with altered platelet function. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and is associated with altered platelet function. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a rapid measure of platelet activation and a prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, no meta-analysis on the association between MPV and obesity has been conducted, and the value of monitoring the MPV in patients with obesity remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To provide cumulative evidence on whether the mean platelet volume (MPV) is increased in individuals with obesity and to describe associations between the ASCVD-risk factors and the MPV in individuals with obesity.
METHODS
This meta-analysis was prepared following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies (MOOSE) guidelines. We searched the PubMed and Embase database from inception until the 31st of March 2021. Studies were included when they reported the mean platelet volume in individuals with obesity and provided a suitable non-obese comparator group. The risk of bias was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the MPV, while we considered the atherosclerotic risk profiles as a secondary outcome.
RESULTS
We identified 178 citations through the PUBMED and 255 citations through EMBASE database search. In all, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Firstly, we report an increased mean platelet volume in individuals with obesity compared to non-obese individuals (MD 0.79; [95%CI: 0.42 to 1.16], I2 = 93.4%). Moreover, the reported increase in the MPV was inversely associated with the body mass index (Coefficient: -0.57, standard error (SE): 0.18, p < 0.001) and directly related to changes in triglyceride levels (Coefficient: 4.99, standard error (SE): 1.14, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis and meta-regression showed an increased MPV in nondiabetic individuals living with obesity. Moreover, the MPV was associated with hypertriglyceridemia, an independent predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Overall, the findings suggest that MPV may be a valuable rapid marker for the monitoring and risk-stratification of individuals with obesity who may be at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
PubMed: 35578358
DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00541-8 -
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Aug 2023Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) occurs in approximately 3% of patients receiving heparinoids. About 30-75% of patients with type 2 of HIT develop thrombosis as a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) occurs in approximately 3% of patients receiving heparinoids. About 30-75% of patients with type 2 of HIT develop thrombosis as a result of platelet activation. The most important clinical symptom is thrombocytopenia. Patients with severe COVID-19 are among those receiving heparinoids. This meta-analysis performed to picture the current knowledge and results of published studies in this field. Three search engines were searched and 575 papers were found. After evaluation, 37 articles were finally selected of which 13 studies were quantitatively analyzed. The pooled frequency rate of suspected cases with HIT in 13 studies with 11,241 patients was 1.7%. The frequency of HIT was 8.2% in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation subgroup with 268 patients and 0.8% in the hospitalization subgroup with 10,887 patients. The coincidence of these two conditions may increase the risk of thrombosis. Of the 37 patients with COVID-19 and confirmed HIT, 30 patients (81%) were treated in the intensive care unit or had severe COVID-19. The most commonly used anticoagulants were UFH in 22 cases (59.4%). The median platelet count before treatment was 237 (176-290) x 10/µl and the median nadir platelet count was 52 (31-90.5) x 10/µl.
Topics: Humans; Heparin; Heparinoids; COVID-19; Thrombocytopenia; Anticoagulants; Thrombosis
PubMed: 37219826
DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02827-5 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic ailment marked by a global high prevalence and significant attention in primary healthcare settings due to its elevated...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic ailment marked by a global high prevalence and significant attention in primary healthcare settings due to its elevated morbidity and mortality rates. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of this disease remain subjects of ongoing investigation. Recent evidence underscores the pivotal role of the intricate intercellular communication network, wherein cell-derived vesicles, commonly referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), emerge as dynamic regulators of diabetes-related complications. Given that the protein cargo carried by EVs is contingent upon the metabolic conditions of the originating cells, particular proteins may serve as informative indicators for the risk of activating or inhibiting signaling pathways crucial to the progression of T2D complications.
METHODS
In this study, we conducted a systematic review to analyze the published evidence on the proteome of EVs from the plasma or serum of patients with T2D, both with and without complications (PROSPERO: CRD42023431464).
RESULTS
Nine eligible articles were systematically identified from the databases, and the proteins featured in these articles underwent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. We identified changes in the level of 426 proteins, with CST6, CD55, HBA1, S100A8, and S100A9 reported to have high levels, while FGL1 exhibited low levels.
CONCLUSION
These proteins are implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms such as inflammation, complement, and platelet activation, suggesting their potential as risk markers for T2D development and progression. Further studies are required to explore this topic in greater detail.
PubMed: 38356516
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25537 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021In severe COVID-19, which is characterized by blood clots and neutrophil-platelet aggregates in the circulating blood and different tissues, an increased incidence of...
In severe COVID-19, which is characterized by blood clots and neutrophil-platelet aggregates in the circulating blood and different tissues, an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications and venous thrombotic events has been reported. The inflammatory storm that characterizes severe infections may act as a driver capable of profoundly disrupting the complex interplay between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes, thus contributing to the definition of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. In this frame, P-selectin represents a key molecule expressed on endothelial cells and on activated platelets, and contributes to endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, rolling, and tissue migration. Briefly, we describe the current state of knowledge about P-selectin involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, its possible use as a severity marker and as a target for host-directed therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Platelets; COVID-19; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Leukocytes; P-Selectin
PubMed: 34360707
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157942