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BMJ Open Sep 2021To critically appraise and synthesise the evidence in relation to both the receipt and delivery of LGBTI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex) inclusive...
OBJECTIVES
To critically appraise and synthesise the evidence in relation to both the receipt and delivery of LGBTI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex) inclusive sexual health education.
DESIGN
A systematic review and narrative synthesis.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of three online databases (EMBASE, PsychINFO and SocINDEX) from January 1990 to May 2021 was conducted.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies included were (1) peer-reviewed; (2) English; (3) quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods; that evaluated (4) inclusive sexual health in an educational or online setting and (5) focused on training or educating. Studies were excluded if (1) the population was not LGBTI+ inclusive; (2) the studies did not focus on original data or (3) the study was not available in full text.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A narrative synthesis was then completed employing content analysis focusing on the results section of each article.
RESULTS
Of the 5656 records retrieved, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies noted that both LGBTI+ youth and those who facilitate sexual health education are turning to online sources of information. Current sexual health education programmes operate mainly from a heterosexual perspective, creating a sense of exclusion for LGBTI+ youth. This is compounded by a lack of training, or provision of an inclusive curricula, resulting in facilitators feeling ill equipped or inhibited by their personal biases.
CONCLUSIONS
LGBTI+ youth are not experiencing inclusive and comprehensive sexual health education. In parallel, educators report poor access to information, training and resources remain the primary reasons. There is a need to standardise sexual health curricula, making them LGBTI+ inclusive and incorporate holistic aspects of health such as pleasure and healthy relationships. Online approaches should be considered in the future, as they represent equality of access for both sexual health education professionals and LGBTI+ youth alike.
Topics: Adolescent; Bisexuality; Female; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Sex Education; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34475162
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047856 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2019Tobacco usage is harming the health, the treasury and the spirit of Saudi Arabia. Every year, more than 7000 of its people are killed by tobacco-caused diseases. Still,... (Review)
Review
Tobacco usage is harming the health, the treasury and the spirit of Saudi Arabia. Every year, more than 7000 of its people are killed by tobacco-caused diseases. Still, more than 20,000 children and 3,352,000 adults continue to use tobacco each day. Likewise, the usage of electronic (e)-cigarette is also increasing; this could be because of the publicity and marketing strategies adopted by the manufacturers of these products which are attracting the younger population. This review was taken up to determine the usage and attitude toward e-cigarette smoking among the Saudi population through the analysis of literature. This review identified peer-reviewed articles using several search terms and databases from 2010 to 2018. PubMed, ISI-Web of Science, Medline and Google Scholar were searched using the following alternate terms for e-cigarettes: electronic cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems following which hand search was conducted through the reference list of articles. The search results only found descriptive data on these e-cigarettes among the Saudi population. This literature review reported that the usage of these e-cigarettes was high among this population and recorded a wide variety of reasons for using e-cigarettes. Reducing tobacco use, considering e-cigarette as less harmful, less addictive, for pleasure and peer influence, lower cost and curiosity were the most commonly reported reasons. Recognizing the dangerous impact of smoking and usage of other type of tobacco, the aggressive marketing of these e-cigarettes needs to be controlled.
PubMed: 31942135
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_141_19 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2019The purpose of the present study was to conduct a review of the research on the Sport Education (SE) studies that have examined the development of students' personal and...
The purpose of the present study was to conduct a review of the research on the Sport Education (SE) studies that have examined the development of students' personal and social skills. Research articles selected were found through Web of Science, SCOPUS, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Education Source, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES databases. The keywords "Sport Education" and "physical education" were used in different combinations. The articles were included for analysis if the following criteria were met: (i) were published in peer-reviewed international journals indexed in JCR (Journal Citation Reports) or SJR (Scientific Journal Rankings); (ii) were available in full-text; (iii) examined personal and social variables included or measured as main outcomes within the SE model. The quality of the selected studies was scored using a quality assessment list. Fifty-one studies were included. Results showed that, considering the development of social and personal competencies, the majority of SE research took place in Spain and USA in a co-educational PE context (high school). Enjoyment/satisfaction, enthusiasm and engagement were the predominant outcome measures, using a non-experimental design and multiple qualitative tools in more than half of the studies. Few studies established the fidelity of the model implementation. There is a need for future research to consider other samples, contexts, cultures and types of sports seeking to reinforce the positive impact of SE on the personal and social competencies. Longer units with a good planning, mixed and quantitative methodological designs and the report of the model fidelity would be also particularly important for future investigations.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Education and Training; Pleasure; Social Skills
PubMed: 31827367
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Neurology 2021The effects of rotigotine transdermal patch (RTG) on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) outcomes remain controversial. The aim of this review was...
The effects of rotigotine transdermal patch (RTG) on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) outcomes remain controversial. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of RTG on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing RTG and placebo in PD up to May 10, 2021. We analyzed the data using Review Manager 5.2 software. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Approach. In order to avoid false-positive results caused by random error, we use TSA software for trial sequential analysis (TSA). We included 10 studies (1,844 patients). The meta-analysis showed that, compared with placebo, RTG can significantly improve the scores for Apathy Scale (MD = -1.68, 95% confidence interval, CI: -2.74 to -0.62, = 0.002; moderate certainty), Beck Depression Inventory-II (MD = -1.19, 95% CI: -2.26 to -0.11, = 0.03; moderate certainty), the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (MD = -3. 66, 95% CI: -4. 30 to -3.01, < 0.00001; moderate certainty), the sleep/fatigue domains of the Parkinson's Disease Non-motor Symptom Assessment Scale (MD = -2.03, 95% CI: -3.08 to -0.98, = 0.0001; moderate certainty), the mood/apathy domains of the Non-motor Symptom Scale (MD = -2.48, 95% CI: -4.07 to -0.89, = 0.002; high certainty), the eight-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (MD = -4. 93, 95% CI: -6.79 to -3.07, < 0.00001; moderate certainty), and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (MD = -3.52, 95% CI: -5.25 to -1.79, < 0.0001; high certainty). However, there was no statistically significant difference on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (MD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.34, = 0.61). Our results showed that RTG exerts a positive effect on sleep. According to the TSA, the results implied that, except for the Beck Depression Inventory-II, conclusive evidence have been obtained in the RTG group. It has been proven in our meta-analysis that rotigotine has good safety and tolerability. RTG can effectively improve the neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life in patients with PD.
PubMed: 34744967
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.722892 -
Drug and Alcohol Review Jul 2023Associates for Research in Substances of Enjoyment (ARISE) was formed by tobacco companies in the late 1980s designed to counter public health policy development. This...
INTRODUCTION
Associates for Research in Substances of Enjoyment (ARISE) was formed by tobacco companies in the late 1980s designed to counter public health policy development. This study examines the alcohol content of ARISE and the contribution of ARISE to alcohol industry activities in a key period in the globalisation of the alcohol industry, generating insights into the inter-relationships between the tobacco and alcohol industries in their involvements in policy-oriented science.
METHODS
We systematically searched the UCSF Truth Tobacco Documents Library for information about ARISE, alcohol and the alcohol industry. This material was supplemented with an analysis of the contributions by ARISE associates to one volume in the International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) book series on alcohol and pleasure.
RESULTS
ARISE placed nicotine alongside caffeine, chocolate and other foods, and alcohol as treats which brought pleasure and other benefits. Alcohol was thus intrinsic to the ARISE project for the tobacco industry. This study shows that at a formative moment in the mid-1990s the major alcohol companies took advantage of the intellectual inheritance and personnel provided by the tobacco industry when establishing ICAP. Key to this was an ICAP conference that resulted in Alcohol and pleasure: A health perspective (1999).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Not only did ARISE use alcohol to play a supporting role in a sophisticated tobacco industry strategy, the alcohol industry engaged with ARISE as part of its own strategy. This shows the importance of careful attention to corporate activities on the fringes of peer-reviewed science.
Topics: Humans; Tobacco Industry; Public Relations; Causality; Internationality; Ethanol
PubMed: 36933895
DOI: 10.1111/dar.13649 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Feb 2022In recent years, rectal foreign bodies have become a common proctological emergency in the male population, especially older Chinese men, often requiring surgical...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, rectal foreign bodies have become a common proctological emergency in the male population, especially older Chinese men, often requiring surgical intervention due to associated complications. This review aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of rectal foreign bodies in older men and examine the possible challenges presented by the condition to clinicians and society.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in English-language databases and Chinese databases from January 2000 to December 2020. Studies concerning rectal foreign bodies were considered for this review if they reported the reason for a foreign body being in the rectum and related treatment measures. Contemporaneous rectal foreign bodies case data from General Surgery Department of Tangdu Hospital were also analyzed. According to differences in ethnicity, the older male patients were divided into a Chinese group and a non-Chinese group, and the parameters of the two groups were analyzed using statistical methods.
RESULTS
A total of 159 studies were retrieved in an initial database search using "rectal foreign body" as the search term. These included 86 Chinese studies and 73 English-language studies. Collectively, these studies included 582 older male patients, 276 of whom were Chinese, and 307 who were non-Chinese. According to their source, the rectal foreign bodies were classified into 3 categories. The most common reason for a foreign body in the rectum was insertion for erotic purposes, with everyday articles accounting for most foreign body types. Sexual articles were mainly found to have been used in the pursuit of pleasure. There were no significant differences in foreign body sources, sizes, types, treatment selections, and outcomes between the two groups.
DISCUSSION
Emergency hospital visits by older men with rectal foreign bodies due to erotic and sexual needs and practices are increasing. Although the sources, sizes, and types of foreign bodies were different, and patients recovered well after active and appropriate clinical treatment, the sexual needs of older men are a social issue that requires attention. Acknowledging and dealing with sexual issues is a multidimensional task that requires a collaborative effort to ensure a more humanistic approach to older patients.
PubMed: 35280427
DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-103 -
The International Journal on Drug Policy May 2024Chemsex is the intentional combining of specific drugs with sex, primarily by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), to enhance intimacy, pleasure,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chemsex is the intentional combining of specific drugs with sex, primarily by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), to enhance intimacy, pleasure, and prolong sexual sessions. Practices vary across geographic and social settings. Participants report benefits and risks of chemsex. Studies have previously reviewed chemsex practices and harm reduction interventions separately. This review aims to examine both together by describing and understanding practices that men employ to navigate the perceived benefits and risks of chemsex.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic meta-ethnographic review of published qualitative literature, screening titles, abstracts, and full texts on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using reciprocal and refutational translation techniques, we analysed study participants' (first-order) and researchers' (second-order) accounts of benefit-enhancing and risk-reducing chemsex practices. Finally, we employed line-of-argument synthesis techniques to develop our own higher-level interpretations (third-order constructs) of these chemsex practices.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 6356 records, from which, we included 23 articles in our review. Most studies were conducted in high-income Western countries. Across studies, participants acted at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels to enhance benefits and reduce risks, which made up our third-order constructs. Eight themes emerged from first- and second-order constructs to describe these practices, which included personal preparation, personal boundaries, biomedical measures, structured use of drugs, leaning on partners, injecting practices, group organising, watching out for others, and teaching and learning. Contextual factors like trust, agency, access, stigma, and setting moderated whether and how participants engaged in these practices, and if practices enhanced benefits or reduced risks.
CONCLUSION
Health promotion programmes and research focused on chemsex must account for the benefits and the risks that GBMSM associate with this type of sexualised drug use and target the moderating factors that shape the practices they employ to navigate these benefits and risks.
Topics: Humans; Male; Homosexuality, Male; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Harm Reduction; Anthropology, Cultural; Sexual Behavior; Bisexuality; Substance-Related Disorders; Illicit Drugs
PubMed: 38555721
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104398 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2021Long-distance walking is an ancient activity practiced across cultures for many reasons, including the improvement of one's health. It has even been suggested that... (Review)
Review
Long-distance walking is an ancient activity practiced across cultures for many reasons, including the improvement of one's health. It has even been suggested that long-distance walking may be considered a form of psychotherapy. This scoping review examined the relationship between long-distance walking and mental health among adults. Publication trends and definitions were also examined, and the reason why long-distance walking may have therapeutic effects was discussed. Systematic searches in three online databases were performed using a selection of long-distance walking terms. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included if they examined associations between long-distance walking and mental health in an adult population. Mental health was conceptualized in broad terms, including descriptions of mental states as well as more specific measurements or notions of mental health. A total of 8557 records were screened and 26 studies were included, out of which 15 were quantitative, 9 were qualitative, and 2 were mixed. The findings showed that long-distance walking was positively related to mental health. This was most consistent with regard to emotional distress compared to somewhat inconsistent findings regarding well-being. Therefore, long-distance walking may be more appropriately used to counter some personal or emotional struggle rather than to achieve hedonic pleasure.
Topics: Adult; Concept Formation; Humans; Mental Health; Psychotherapy; Qualitative Research; Walking
PubMed: 34360035
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157741 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Enrichment, defined as "the process of endowing caregiving with meaning or pleasure for both the caregiver and care recipient" can support relationships between people...
OBJECTIVES
Enrichment, defined as "the process of endowing caregiving with meaning or pleasure for both the caregiver and care recipient" can support relationships between people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers. This study aims to explore (1) the types of psychosocial interventions that may enrich relationships between dementia caregiving dyads, and (2) the components within these psychosocial interventions that may contribute to enrichment.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. We operationalized and contextualized core elements from Cartwright and colleagues' enrichment model, which was also used to guide the review. Five electronic databases were searched. Psychosocial intervention components contributing to enrichment were identified and grouped within each core element.
RESULTS
Thirty-four studies were included. Psychosocial interventions generating enrichment among dyads mainly involved supporting dyadic engagement in shared activities, carer education or training, or structural change to the environment around PLWD. Intervention components contributing to the enrichment of dyadic relationships were identified within "acquired symbolic meaning", "performing activity", and "fine tuning". Dyadic communication support and skill-building were common contributors to enrichment.
CONCLUSION
Our findings may inform the planning and development of interventions to enrich dyadic relationships in the context of dementia. In formal caregiving contexts, future interventions may consider dedicating space for relationships to build and grow through positive interactions. In informal caregiving contexts, existing relationships should be considered to better support dyads engage in positive interactions.
PubMed: 36687423
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1069846 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Depression is a common mental illness that is widely recognized by its lack of pleasure, fatigue, low mood, and, in severe cases, even suicidal tendencies....
BACKGROUND
Depression is a common mental illness that is widely recognized by its lack of pleasure, fatigue, low mood, and, in severe cases, even suicidal tendencies. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that could treat patients with mood disorders such as depression.
METHODS
A systematic search of ten databases, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for depression, was conducted from the time of library construction to September 25, 2023. The primary outcome was depression. The secondary outcome was sleep. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 14.0). Subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
Three thousand two hundred and sixty-five studies were retrieved from the database and screened for inclusion in eleven trials. The forest plot results demonstrated that PBM alleviated depression (SMD = -0.55, 95% CI [-0.75, -0.35], = 46%). But it is not statistically significant for patients' sleep outcomes (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI [-2.41, 0.77], = 0%, > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that s-PBM was superior to t-PBM in relieving symptoms of depression. The best improvement for t-PBM was achieved using a wavelength of 823 nm, fluence of 10-100 J/cm, irradiance of 50-100 mW/cm, irradiance time of 30 min, treatment frequency < 3/week, and number of treatments >15 times. The best improvement for s-PBM was achieved using a wavelength of 808 nm, fluence ≤1 J/cm, irradiance of 50-100 mW/cm, irradiance time ≤ 5 min, treatment frequency ≥ 3/week, number of treatments >15 times. All results had evidence quality that was either moderate or very low, and there was no bias in publication.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that PBM is effective in reducing depression symptoms in patients. However, the current number of studies is small, and further studies are needed to extend the current analysis results.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023444677.
PubMed: 38356614
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1267415