-
Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2021Breastfeeding is recommended to improve maternal and infant health globally. Depression has been posited to negatively impact breastfeeding, although potential causal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding is recommended to improve maternal and infant health globally. Depression has been posited to negatively impact breastfeeding, although potential causal and bidirectional pathways between these two phenomena have not been sufficiently characterized. We therefore conducted a systematic review to critically evaluate available evidence on the relationship between perinatal depressive symptoms and breastfeeding behaviors; to identify knowledge gaps and propose a biosocial research agenda to advance our understanding of this topic.
METHODS
A systematic search strategy was applied across seven databases. Data were extracted and aggregated using the matrix method to provide a narrative synthesis of findings.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight studies from 20 countries spanning 1988 through 2018 fit the inclusion criteria. In general, methods across studies were heterogeneous. Fourteen different tools were used to measure perinatal depressive symptoms. Nearly half the studies did not provide breastfeeding definitions. No studies from low-income countries met inclusion criteria. More than half (63%) of studies demonstrated a negative association between depressive symptoms across the perinatal period and less exclusive breastfeeding and/or shorter breastfeeding durations.
LIMITATIONS
Heterogeneity in study design, definitions, assessment tools, and measurement time points limited the comparability of study findings. Causality cannot be assessed.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence suggests perinatal depressive symptoms negatively associated with breastfeeding exclusivity and duration, which can lead to suboptimal infant nutrition and detrimental impacts on maternal mental and physical health. To better understand this relationship, we propose including consistent operationalization and assessment of depression and breastfeeding globally and concurrent repeated measures of key biological and social factors.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Infant; Poverty; Pregnancy; Time Factors
PubMed: 33272686
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.080 -
International Journal of Women's Health 2020To determine the association of postpartum depression with domestic violence experiences among women in Asia.
PURPOSE
To determine the association of postpartum depression with domestic violence experiences among women in Asia.
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is an important cause of maternal morbidity as well as mortality. There is increasing evidence that domestic violence (DV) increases the risk of PPD.
METHODS
We performed literature searches using the databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for studies published between January 2010 and May 2019. The keywords "postpartum", "postnatal", "depression", and "violence" were used. Observational studies conducted within Asia, and written in the English language, were included.
RESULTS
In the 38 studies included in this review (with 37,087 participants), the prevalence of PPD ranged between 8.2% to 70% and that of DV between 6.1% to 67.4%. There were 1.6 to 7.1 higher odds of PPD among sufferers of DV. Intimate partner violence (IPV) was the most relevant factor that women experiencing psychological abuse (which was the most prevalent form of IPV) were more at risk for, and violence/intimidation by other family members was also associated with PPD. Domestic violence increased the risk of suicidal ideation in PPD.
DISCUSSION
The findings of the review unequivocally shows the association between domestic violence and PPD. Maternal mental health is a neglected area of healthcare in many parts of Asia. Likewise, domestic violence is a readily recognized, but inadequately addressed social issue. We recommend that healthcare workers be trained to recognize and support the women who are vulnerable to violence and depression during pregnancy and postpartum. Policies need to be developed at national and global levels to tackle these issues with utmost urgency.
PubMed: 32021490
DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S235864 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... Jan 2023To review the literature regarding the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and feeding styles in parents of bottle-fed infants. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature regarding the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and feeding styles in parents of bottle-fed infants.
DATA SOURCES
We conducted literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO.
STUDY SELECTION
We used Covidence systematic review management software during the selection process to allow for full blinding of decisions by team members. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were reports of primary research, written in English, and focused on the relationship between symptoms of anxiety or depression and feeding styles in parents of term, bottle-fed infants younger than 12 months of age. We placed no restriction on date of publication because of the sparse amount of published literature on this topic. We identified a total of 1,882 articles. After removing duplicates, we screened 988 articles and retained six articles that met criteria for our review.
DATA EXTRACTION
We used Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology to guide data extraction and reporting. We extracted relevant data from all primary data sources and compiled the data into a matrix. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies to assess the quality of the studies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Using an a priori coding scheme, we summarized the data using categorization of established parental feeding styles in infancy applicable to bottle-feeding. We synthesized the data into two broad categories: responsive and nonresponsive feeding styles.
CONCLUSION
Although research on the topic is limited, our findings suggest that symptoms of postpartum depression may be associated with nonresponsive feeding styles in parents of bottle-fed infants. We suggest several areas for future research and recommend increased emotional and feeding support in practice for parents of bottle-feeding infants.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Anxiety; Bottle Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mental Health; Parents
PubMed: 36442519
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.11.001 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled the prevalence of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the effects of the pandemic on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled the prevalence of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the effects of the pandemic on psychological health in postpartum women.
METHODS
A systematic literature search and identification were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases until June 16th, 2021. The fixed or random effect models to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 for psychological symptoms.
RESULTS
A total of 29 articles including 20,225 postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic and 8312 before the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of postpartum depressive, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were 26.7 % (95 % CI: 22.0-31.9 %), 33.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1-49.4 %), 55.0 % (95%CI: 27.9-79.5 %), and 33.7 % (95%CI: 19.6-51.5 %), respectively. The ORs of COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.00-2.36) and 2.56 (95%CI: 1.62-4.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that women with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and without breastfeeding experienced a higher risk of depressive or anxiety symptoms after delivery.
LIMITATIONS
Only a few of prospective studies were included, and significant but inevitable heterogeneities were found in some analyses.
CONCLUSION
A significantly higher proportion of postpartum women were suffered from psychological symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and formula feeding.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; COVID-19; Pandemics; Prospective Studies; Postpartum Period; Anxiety; Prevalence; Health Status; Depression
PubMed: 36087790
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.107 -
Journal of Caring Sciences Nov 2021Postpartum anxiety may be associated with depression, postpartum blues, and maternal mood disorders. This systematic review investigated the effects of music therapy on... (Review)
Review
Postpartum anxiety may be associated with depression, postpartum blues, and maternal mood disorders. This systematic review investigated the effects of music therapy on postpartum anxiety and pain levels. English databases including Cochrane, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed and Persian databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) were searched. The data were analyzed in RevMan 5.3 and reported as forest plots. The present study was conducted on postpartum women (i.e., the participants). All randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of music (i.e., the intervention) and placebo or routine care (i.e., the control) on postpartum anxiety and pain (i.e., the outcome) were included in the study. Out of a total of 60 retrieved articles, four eligible articles were selected and entered the meta-analysis process. According to the results, anxiety (MD=-0.68, 95% CI=-1.90 to -0.54, < 0.001) and pain (MD=-1.85, 95% CI=-3.96 to 0.26, < 0.001) levels of patients in the music therapy group were reduced more significantly than those in the control group. The results showed that music therapy can significantly reduce both postpartum anxiety and pain scores. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the studies, more randomized trials using a standard tool such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement are needed.
PubMed: 34849370
DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2021.033 -
Heliyon May 2022The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a reliable measure for detecting paternal postpartum depression. The study's purpose is to determine the appropriate...
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a reliable measure for detecting paternal postpartum depression. The study's purpose is to determine the appropriate cut-off scores of EPDS for fathers. Our research was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. The time frame of the search was from the issuance of EPDS in 1987 until January 2021. The analysis comprised of studies that compared EPDS scores for depression from validated diagnostic interviews. For EPDS cut-off values of 7-13, a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity, as well as the diagnostic odds ratio. Seven studies with a total of 2393 participants were identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were satisfactory at cut-off values of 7-10, with significant diagnostic odds ratio. The EPDS accuracy was unaffected by the prevalence of depression, the fathers' mean age, or the translated language. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale has acceptable properties for detecting paternal postpartum depression, with cut-off scores ranging from 7 to 10.
PubMed: 35663736
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09441 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2023Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid from the omega-3 series that appears to be key to perinatal mental health. For this, the aim of this... (Review)
Review
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid from the omega-3 series that appears to be key to perinatal mental health. For this, the aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of DHA on maternal mental health during pregnancy and lactation with respect to depression and anxiety. The present scoping review was carried out following the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The selection of studies was carried out in accordance with PRISMA by means of systematic searches in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Medline databases. The results classified according to the effectiveness of DHA. In most (n = 9) of the 14 studies finally included, DHA plasma levels with or without other polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in pregnant women with depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, no study reported a beneficial effect of DHA on mental health during the postpartum period. The majority used detection method was the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (n = 11). The prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged between 5.9 % and 50 %. As a conclusion, although more research is needed in this area, these exploratory results suggest that DHA could play an important role in preventing the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety during gestation.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Mental Health; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Postpartum Period; Lactation
PubMed: 37334807
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04523 -
BMJ Open May 2022To assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and long-term physical and mental health consequences for the family. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that IPV may affect the risk of developing postpartum depression.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Global Health Library, Scopus and Google scholar were searched for published studies without restrictions on language, time or study design (up to May 2020). Studies were included if they assessed postpartum depression using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (cut-off≥10), among women who had been exposed to IPV (emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse). The quality of studies was judged according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
A total of 33 studies were included in the review (participants n=131 131). The majority of studies found an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Overall, studies measured both exposure and outcome in various ways and controlled for a vast number of different confounders. Thirty percent of the studies were set in low-income and lower-middle-income countries while the rest were set in upper-middle-income and high-income countries and the association did not differ across settings. Among the studies reporting adjusted OR (aOR) (n=26), the significant aOR ranged between 1.18 and 6.87 (95% CI 1.12 to 11.78). The majority of the studies were judged as 'good quality' (n=20/33).
CONCLUSION
We found evidence of an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Meta-analysis or individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association between IPV and postpartum depression.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020209435.
Topics: Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Emotions; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Mental Health; Poverty; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35584869
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051426 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication associated with childbirth and can lead to adverse outcomes for both mothers and their children. A previous...
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication associated with childbirth and can lead to adverse outcomes for both mothers and their children. A previous meta-analysis found that PPD prevalence varies widely across countries. One potential underexplored contributor to this cross-national variation in PPD is diet, which contributes to mental health and varies significantly around the world. Here, we sought to update the global and national estimates of PPD prevalence using systematic review and meta-analysis. Further, we examined whether cross-national variation in PPD prevalence is associated with cross-national variation in diet using meta-regression.
METHODS
To estimate national rates of PPD prevalence, we conducted an updated systematic review of all papers reporting PPD prevalence using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale between 2016-2021 and combined our findings with a previous meta-analysis of articles published between 1985-2015. PPD prevalence and methods were extracted from each study. Random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate global and national PPD prevalence. To examine dietary predictors, we extracted data on sugar-sweetened beverage, fruit, vegetable, total fiber, yogurt, and seafood consumption from the Global Dietary Database. Random effects meta-regression was used to test whether between-country and within-country variation in dietary factors predicted variation in PPD prevalence, controlling for economic and methodological variables.
RESULTS
412 studies of 792,055 women from 46 countries were identified. The global pooled prevalence of PPD was 19.18% (95% confidence interval: 18.02 to 20.34%), ranging from 3% in Singapore to 44% in South Africa. Countries that consumed more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) had higher rates of PPD (Coef. = 0.325, = 0.044, CI:0.010-0.680); Moreover, in years when higher rates of sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed in a country, there were correspondingly higher rates of PPD in that country (Coef. = 0.129, = 0.026, CI: 0.016-0.242).
CONCLUSION
The global prevalence of PPD is greater than previous calculations, and drastically varies by country. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption explained some of the national variation in PPD prevalence.
PubMed: 37398595
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1193490