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Clinical Psychology Review Jul 2021A large body of research has emerged over the last decade examining empirical models of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among... (Review)
Review
A large body of research has emerged over the last decade examining empirical models of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among psychiatric disorders and enable investigation of risk and protective factors that are common across disorders. This systematic review presents findings from studies of empirical models of psychopathology and transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology among young people (10-24 years). PsycInfo, Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception to November 2020, and 41 studies were identified that examined at least one risk or protective factor in relation to broad, empirically derived, psychopathology outcomes. Results revealed several biological (executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk for ADHD and schizophrenia, reduced gray matter volume), socio-environmental (stressful life events, maternal depression) and psychological (low effortful control, high neuroticism, negative affectivity) transdiagnostic risk factors for broad psychopathology outcomes, including general psychopathology, internalising and externalising. Methodological complexities are discussed and recommendations for future studies of empirical models of psychopathology are presented. These results contribute to a growing body of support for transdiagnostic approaches to prevention and intervention for psychiatric disorders and highlight several promising avenues for future research.
Topics: Adolescent; Comorbidity; Humans; Mental Disorders; Protective Factors; Psychopathology; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33992846
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102036 -
International Nursing Review Sep 2022To synthesize knowledge extracted from the literature about protecting factors and challenges to resilience, among migrant nurses, and specifically how knowledge... (Review)
Review
AIM
To synthesize knowledge extracted from the literature about protecting factors and challenges to resilience, among migrant nurses, and specifically how knowledge synthesized through the process of the literature review is relevant to nursing and health policy.
BACKGROUND
How nurses, in general, face challenges is well documented and is often linked to the concept of resilience; however, there seems to be a lack of systematic knowledge synthesis focusing on the resilience of internationally educated nurses following migration.
METHOD
The review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines, and a systematic search of peer-reviewed qualitative and mixed-method articles reporting empirical research was performed in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Academic Search Ultimate databases. Methodological rigour was assessed by the Joanna Briggs' checklist, and a structured theme-based ecological framework, inspired by Ungar's model of resilience, was chosen.
RESULTS
Following critical appraisal, 37 studies were included that identified both challenges and individual, contextual and structural protective factors in host countries and are linked to resilience.
DISCUSSION
Resilience of internationally educated nurses depends on a combination of individual and contextual protective factors, with the major emphasis being placed on individual protective factors. It is crucial to consider resilience in ensuring that internationally educated nurses' experience is appreciated, as this is necessary if nurses are to deliver the best possible health service while integrating into their host country.
IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY
Authorities, managers in clinical practice and education, trade unions and nurses in general should be aware of the coping strategies, the strengths and supportive factors that can promote resilience and be aware of the challenges that undermine resilience and negatively impact internationally educated nurses' practice and social interactions.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans
PubMed: 35868023
DOI: 10.1111/inr.12787 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2021A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyse the factors that affect the probability of the paediatric asthma population suffering from COVID-19 or... (Review)
Review
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyse the factors that affect the probability of the paediatric asthma population suffering from COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, such as asthma phenotypes, inhaled corticosteroids, and the effects of lockdown. This systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was conducted using BNE, BVS (LILAC), CSIC (IME, ISOC), IBECS, Scielo, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, using the following search profile: (COVID-19 or 2019-NCOV or SARS-CoV-2 or COV-19) AND asthma AND (children or adolescents or youths or children or teenagers). The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and December 2020, selecting only articles published in Spanish, English and French that included the study population (children aged 0-18 years). Among the 1066 results of the bibliographic search and seven articles selected from a manual search, only 19 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria. Most of the articles highlight the effects of lockdown on the paediatric asthma population, increased therapeutic compliance, and the role of inhaled corticosteroids and intrinsic factors such as ACE2 receptors as causes of the decreased prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric asthma population. This population has unique characteristics that serve as protective factors against COVID-19. The safety measures implemented during the lockdown period along with inhaled corticosteroid treatment also contributed to this protection.
Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34946251
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121306 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jun 2023In-hospital prescribing errors (PEs) may result in patient harm, prolonged hospitalization and hospital (re)admission. These events are associated with pressure on... (Review)
Review
AIM
In-hospital prescribing errors (PEs) may result in patient harm, prolonged hospitalization and hospital (re)admission. These events are associated with pressure on healthcare services and significant healthcare costs. To develop targeted interventions to prevent or reduce in-hospital PEs, identification and understanding of facilitating and protective factors influencing in-hospital PEs in current daily practice is necessary, adopting a Safety-II perspective. The aim of this systematic review was to create an overview of all factors reported in the literature, both protective and facilitating, as influencing in-hospital PEs.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE.com and the Cochrane Library (via Wiley) were searched, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, for studies that identified factors influencing in-hospital PEs. Both qualitative and quantitative study designs were included.
RESULTS
Overall, 19 articles (6 qualitative and 13 quantitative studies) were included and 40 unique factors influencing in-hospital PEs were identified. These factors were categorized into five domains according to the Eindhoven classification ('organization-related', 'prescriber-related', 'prescription-related', 'technology-related' and 'unclassified') and visualized in an Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagram. Most of the identified factors (87.5%; n = 40) facilitated in-hospital PEs. The most frequently identified facilitating factor (39.6%; n = 19) was 'insufficient (drug) knowledge, prescribing skills and/or experience of prescribers'.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this review could be used to identify points of engagement for future intervention studies and help hospitals determine how to optimize prescribing. A multifaceted intervention, targeting multiple factors might help to circumvent the complex challenge of in-hospital PEs.
Topics: Humans; Health Care Costs; Hospitals; Knowledge; Patient Harm; Protective Factors
PubMed: 36805648
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15694 -
Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and... Oct 2019Occupational burnout is a syndrome composing of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout has been shown to negatively... (Review)
Review
Occupational burnout is a syndrome composing of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout has been shown to negatively affect both the personal lives and professional performance of doctors. Orthopaedic surgery is a challenging specialty, and while burnout has been studied in orthopaedic surgeons, a comprehensive review article in this area is lacking. Hence we performed a systematic review to summarise the evidence regarding burnout in orthopaedic surgeons. We conducted a systematic literature review using the terms "orthopaedic surgeons" and "burnout" and related terms. Studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers. English articles that were (a) peer-reviewed original research articles; (b) measures burnout directly in study participants; (c) uses validated scales for burnout assessment; and (d) on orthopaedic surgeons, were included. Discrepancies between reviewers were resolved by panel discussion. 216 papers were identified and 14 papers were selected for qualitative synthesis. The prevalence of burnout varied considerably between orthopaedic surgeons from different centres and of different seniority. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that the burnout rate in orthopaedic surgeons is different from doctors in other specialties. A range of risk factors and protective factors associated with burnout were identified. Similar to prior studies in the general medical population, key determinants of burnout included personal, family, working environment and career factors. One paper identified an association between burnout and irritable behaviour during operation, yet no studies have assessed the effect of burnout on orthopaedic patient outcomes. We did not identify papers on the management of burnout in orthopaedic surgeons. To conclude, the evidence on burnout in orthopaedic surgeons is preliminary and key methodological limitations have been noted in the current studies. Large-scale prospective studies are warranted to better understand the determinants and effects of burnout in orthopaedic surgeons, in order to guide appropriate interventions against this occupational mental health hazard.
PubMed: 31695259
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.01.028 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022In today's performance-oriented society, burnout symptoms, defined as consequences of chronic work stress, are an increasing problem. To counteract this development, the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In today's performance-oriented society, burnout symptoms, defined as consequences of chronic work stress, are an increasing problem. To counteract this development, the important aims are (1) to find protective and modifiable factors that reduce the risk of developing and harboring burnout symptoms and (2) to understand the underlying mechanisms. A phenomenon potentially furthering both aims is flow experience. Based on the earlier literature, we developed a psycho-physiological "Flow-Burnout-Model", which postulates positive or negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms, depending on the prevailing situational and personal conditions.
METHODS
To test our Flow-Burnout-Model, we conducted a systematic literature search encompassing flow and burnout symptoms. Eighteen empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
RESULTS
The findings of the systematic review as a whole suggest a negative association between flow and burnout symptoms, both cross-sectional and longitudinal. According to the findings from longitudinal studies, flow can be interpreted as a protective factor against burnout symptoms, and burnout symptoms can be interpreted as a factor inhibiting flow. In our conclusion, we maintain the assumption of a bidirectional association between flow and burnout symptoms in the Flow-Burnout-Model but modify the initially suggested positive and negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms towards a predominantly negative relationship.
DISCUSSION
Mindful of the heterogeneous findings of earlier studies, the resulting comprehensive Flow-Burnout-Model will lay the foundations for future hypothesis-based research. This includes physiological mechanisms explaining the relationship between flow and burnout symptoms, and likewise, the conditions of their longitudinal association.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mindfulness; Occupational Stress
PubMed: 35409547
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073865 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022While the prevalence of young people's conventional cigarette use has decreased in many countries, the use of e-cigarettes has risen. To effectively counteract the... (Review)
Review
While the prevalence of young people's conventional cigarette use has decreased in many countries, the use of e-cigarettes has risen. To effectively counteract the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people internationally, researchers should know the exact prevalence as well as the protective and risk factors associated with vaping. Based on five eligibility criteria, 53 articles were chosen and analyzed by general characteristics, prevalence, sample characteristics, gender difference, protective factors, and risk factors. In this study, the international pooled prevalence of young people's lifetime e-cigarette use was 15.3%, the current use was 7.7%, and dual use was 4.0%. While the highest lifetime, current, and dual prevalence were found in Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom, respectively, the lowest prevalence was found in Germany, followed by South Korea and Sweden. Some protective and risk factors include perceived cost and danger of vaping, parental monitoring, internal developmental assets, cigarette use, family and peer smoking, exposure to online advertisements, and the presence of nearby retail stores. Based on this review, researchers and practitioners can develop different intervention programs and strategies for young smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Prevalence; Protective Factors; Smoking; Vaping
PubMed: 36141845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811570 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022The literature provides evidence of religiosity being associated with physical and mental health, and also with behavioral addictions. This systematic review examines... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The literature provides evidence of religiosity being associated with physical and mental health, and also with behavioral addictions. This systematic review examines the data on the link between religiosity or spirituality and the emerging internet addictions.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify observational (cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control) studies conducted on adolescents and young adults to investigate the association between religiosity or spirituality and internet addiction. Of the 854 articles identified in the databases, 13 met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review.
RESULTS
Eleven of the 13 studies reviewed specifically investigated religiosity and internet addiction: six found an inverse association between religiosity and internet addiction; three found no evidence of any association; and one found a direct association. One study examining both religiosity and spirituality generated mixed results. Only one study investigated spirituality unrelated to religion, and found a direct association with internet addiction. Two of three studies specifically considering internet gaming addiction found it inversely associated with high levels of religiosity, while the third found no association.
CONCLUSION
This review supports a possible role for religiosity as a protective factor, as emerged from the majority of the studies examined. Religiosity also seemed to be associated with lower internet gaming rates among adolescents.
Topics: Young Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Spirituality; Internet Addiction Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Religion; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 36530734
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980334 -
Journal of Evidence-based Integrative... 2023Psoriasis is nowadays regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Among the topicals, vitamin D derivates are often applied on the skin for their anti-inflammatory and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is nowadays regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Among the topicals, vitamin D derivates are often applied on the skin for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Vitamin D serum levels in psoriasis (PsO) patients are still debated and an eventual depletion may offer the rational to integrate anti-psoriatic therapies with oral vitamin D. Then, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current evidence towards serum vitamin D level in PsO.
METHODS
We searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, ScienceDirect and Science Information Database (SID) using the terms "Vitamin D" and "Psoriasis" including manuscripts in English, Italian and Persian. Duplications were excluded using EndNote software and records were screened by title, abstract and full-text. Quality assessment of studies was assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Checklist (NOS). Psoriasis odds ratio (OR) and mean serum vitamin D levels were calculated and displayed in Forest-plots. Heterogeneity indexes were evaluated using and Q. Sensitivity analysis and publication biases were also considered.
RESULTS
From 3006 records extracted, after removing duplicates and analyzing full texts we finally included 19 manuscripts involving a total of 1387 PsO cases and 6939 controls. PsO patients exhibited a substantial odds ratio (3.07, 95% CI: 1.56-6.04) for lower serum vitamin D levels compared to the control group. Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of vitamin D in PsO versus controls was -0.92 (-1.33 to -0.51).
CONCLUSION
Psoriatic patients displayed higher risk to have a vitamin D deficiency. Interventional studies to verify the preventive value are mandatory.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Psoriasis; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37936396
DOI: 10.1177/2515690X231211663 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Despite an increasing number of studies examining the impact of parental incarceration on children's well-being, there are few comprehensive reviews that collect this... (Review)
Review
Despite an increasing number of studies examining the impact of parental incarceration on children's well-being, there are few comprehensive reviews that collect this information, and even fewer from a developmental perspective. This study aims to clarify the effects of parental incarceration on children's well-being and development, as well as the moderating and mediating factors from a developmental perspective. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, selecting 61 studies of children from early childhood to adolescence. The results show differences in the current evidence regarding the effects of parental incarceration on children depending on the developmental stage, with the most evidence in the 7-11-year-old stage. Being male appears as a risk moderator factor while the mental health of the caregiver and their relationship with the child appears as a mediating variable, especially from 7 to 18 years old. These results reveal the impact of parental incarceration based on children's age, providing a basis for developing protective and intervention measures.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Female; Prisoners; Risk Factors; Mental Health
PubMed: 36833841
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043143