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Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2021This review aimed to investigate characteristics of muscle activation and ground reaction force (GRF) patterns in patients with ankle instability (AI). Relevant studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This review aimed to investigate characteristics of muscle activation and ground reaction force (GRF) patterns in patients with ankle instability (AI). Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science through December 2019 for case-control study in any laboratory setting. Inclusion criteria for study selection were (1) subjects with chronic, functional, or mechanical instability or recurrent ankle sprains; (2) primary outcomes consisted of muscle activation of the lower extremity and GRF during landing; and (3) peer-reviewed articles with full text available, including mean, standard deviation, and sample size, to enable data reanalysis. We evaluated four variables related to landing task: (1) muscle activation of the lower extremity before landing, (2) muscle activation of the lower extremity during landing, (3) magnitude of GRF, and (4) time to peak GRF. The effect size using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for these variables to make comparisons across studies. Patients with AI had a lower activation of peroneal muscles before landing (SMD = -0.63, < 0.001, CI = -0.95 to -0.31), greater peak vertical GRF (SMD = 0.21, = 0.03, CI = 0.01 to 0.40), and shorter time to peak vertical GRF (SMD = -0.51, < 0.001, CI = -0.72 to -0.29) than those of normal subjects during landing. There was no significant difference in other muscle activation and GRF components between the patients with AI and normal subjects ( > 0.05). Altered muscle activation and GRF before and during landing in AI cases may contribute to both recurrent ankle and ACL injuries and degenerative change of articular.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Humans; Joint Instability; Lower Extremity; Muscle, Skeletal; Plyometric Exercise; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Sprains and Strains; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 34211331
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.373 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Oct 2023Acquiring motor skills is fundamental for children's development since it is linked to cognitive development. However, access to early detection of motor development... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acquiring motor skills is fundamental for children's development since it is linked to cognitive development. However, access to early detection of motor development delays is limited.
AIM
This review explores the use and potential of motion-based technology (MBT) as a complement to support and increase access to motor screening in developing children.
METHODS
Six databases were searched following the PRISMA guidelines to search, select, and assess relevant works where MBT recognised the execution of children's motor skills.
RESULTS
164 studies were analysed to understand the type of MBT used, the motor skills detected, the purpose of using MBT and the age group targeted.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a gap in the literature aiming to integrate MBT in motor skills development screening and assessment processes. Depth sensors are the prevailing technology offering the largest detection range for children from age 2. Nonetheless, the motor skills detected by MBT represent about half of the motor skills usually observed to screen and assess motor development. Overall, research in this field is underexplored. The use of multimodal approaches, combining various motion-based sensors, may support professionals in the health domain and increase access to early detection programmes.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Cognition; Motion; Motor Skills; Technology
PubMed: 37517185
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107715 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2022In the current decade, a growing body of evidence has proposed the correlation between diet and cognitive function or dementia in the ageing population. This study was...
In the current decade, a growing body of evidence has proposed the correlation between diet and cognitive function or dementia in the ageing population. This study was designed to appraise discoveries from the randomized controlled trials to confirm the effects of berry-based supplements or foods on cognitive function in older adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex electronic databases were explored for human interventional studies up to March 2021. In total, eleven articles were identified using frozen blueberry (n = 4 studies), blueberry concentrate (n = 2), beverage (n = 3), capsule (n = 1), extract and powder (n = 1). These studies had been performed among older people with no recognized cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The primary outcomes included global cognitive function, psychomotor function, learning and memory, working memory capacity, executive functions, and brain perfusion/activity. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of available clinical trials on the effects of berry-based supplements and foods on cognitive performances as well as brain perfusion parameters among the elderly with normal cognition or MCI. Existing evidence concludes that berry-based supplements and foods have beneficial effects on resting brain perfusion, cognitive function, memory performance, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention indices.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dietary Supplements; Executive Function; Fruit; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35217779
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07302-4 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2023Living in a social world requires social monitoring, i.e., the ability to keep track of others' actions and mistakes. Here, we demonstrate the good reliability of the... (Review)
Review
Living in a social world requires social monitoring, i.e., the ability to keep track of others' actions and mistakes. Here, we demonstrate the good reliability of the behavioral and neurophysiological indexes ascribed to social monitoring. We also show that no consensus exists on the cognitive bases of this phenomenology and discuss three alternative hypotheses: (i) the direct matching hypothesis, postulating that observed errors are processed through automatic simulation; (ii) the attentional hypothesis, considering errors as unexpected events that take resources away from task processing; and (iii) the goal representation hypothesis, which weighs social error monitoring depending on how relevant the other's task is to the observer's goals. To date, evidence on the role played by factors that could help to disentangle these hypotheses (e.g., the human vs. non-human nature of the actor, the error rate, and the reward context) is insufficient, although the goal representation hypothesis seems to receive more support. Theory-driven experimental designs are needed to enlighten this debate and clarify the role of error monitoring during interactive exchanges.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Reproducibility of Results; Social Environment; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 36758826
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105077 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Nov 2023This review aims to explore which cognitive domain is more closely associated with which type of balance (static or dynamic). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to explore which cognitive domain is more closely associated with which type of balance (static or dynamic).
RESENT FINDING
Based on recent reviews, inhibitory control, a part of cognition, plays a crucial role in balance performance. Previous reviews report significant links between cognition, mobility, and physical function in older adults. However, evidence regarding the relationship between cognition and balance scores remains inconclusive. The strength of association between cognition and balance appears to be domain-specific and task-specific. Executive function exhibits the strongest correlation with balance, while episodic memory shows a small link with dynamic balance. Processing speed and global cognition demonstrate moderate correlations. Additionally, there is a slight association between cognitive domains and static balance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for managing balance-related concerns that are domain-specific and task-specific.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cognition; Health Status; Postural Balance; Processing Speed
PubMed: 37856048
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01305-y -
BMJ Open Mar 2020Verbal face-to-face feedback on clinical task performance is a fundamental component of health professions education. Experts argue that feedback is critical for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Effect of face-to-face verbal feedback compared with no or alternative feedback on the objective workplace task performance of health professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Verbal face-to-face feedback on clinical task performance is a fundamental component of health professions education. Experts argue that feedback is critical for performance improvement, but the evidence is limited. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of face-to-face verbal feedback from a health professional, compared with alternative or no feedback, on the objective workplace task performance of another health professional.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We searched the full holdings of Ovid MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to 1 February 2019 and searched references of included studies. Two authors independently undertook study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of feedback, in which health professionals were randomised to individual verbal face-to-face feedback compared with no feedback or alternative feedback and available as full-text publications in English. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. For feedback compared with no feedback, outcome data from included studies were pooled using a random effects model.
RESULTS
In total, 26 trials met the inclusion criteria, involving 2307 participants. For the effect of verbal face-to-face feedback on performance compared with no feedback, when studies at high risk of bias were excluded, eight studies involving 392 health professionals were included in a meta-analysis: the standardised mean difference (SMD) was 0.7 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.03; p<0.001) in favour of feedback. The calculated SMD prediction interval was -0.06 to 1.46. For feedback compared with alternative feedback, studies could not be pooled due to substantial design and intervention heterogeneity. All included studies were summarised, and key factors likely to influence performance were identified including components within feedback interventions, instruction and practice opportunities.
CONCLUSIONS
Verbal face-to-face feedback in the health professions may result in a moderate to large improvement in workplace task performance, compared with no feedback. However, the quality of evidence was low, primarily due to risk of bias and publication bias. Further research is needed. In particular, we found a lack of high-quality trials that clearly reported key components likely to influence performance.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42017081796.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Formative Feedback; Health Personnel; Humans; Task Performance and Analysis; Verbal Behavior; Work Performance
PubMed: 32213515
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030672 -
PloS One 2022Motor learning underpins successful motor skill acquisition. Although it is well known that pain changes the way we move, it's impact on motor learning is less clear....
Motor learning underpins successful motor skill acquisition. Although it is well known that pain changes the way we move, it's impact on motor learning is less clear. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the impact of experimental and clinical pain on task performance and activity-dependent plasticity measures across learning and explore these findings in relation to different pain and motor learning paradigms. Five databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane ROB2 and ROBIN-I. The overall strength of evidence was rated using the GRADE guidelines. Due to the heterogeneity of study methodologies a narrative synthesis was employed. Twenty studies were included in the review: fifteen experimental pain and five clinical pain studies, covering multiple motor paradigms. GRADE scores for all outcome measures suggested limited confidence in the reported effect for experimental pain and clinical pain, on motor learning. There was no impact of pain on any of the task performance measures following acquisition except for 'accuracy' during a tongue protrusion visuomotor task and 'timing of errors' during a motor adaptation locomotion task. Task performance measures at retention, and activity dependent measures at both acquisition and retention showed conflicting results. This review delivers a detailed synthesis of research studies exploring the impact of pain on motor learning. This is despite the challenges provided by the heterogeneity of motor learning paradigms, outcome measures and pain paradigms employed in these studies. The results highlight important questions for further research with the goal of strengthening the confidence of findings in this area.
Topics: Humans; Learning; Locomotion; Motor Skills; Pain; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 36099284
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274403 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021The use of dedicated training programs for improving decision-making (DM) in team sports players has grown in the last several years. Approaches such as imagery... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of dedicated training programs for improving decision-making (DM) in team sports players has grown in the last several years. Approaches such as imagery training, video-based training, or game-based drills are some of the interventions used in youth players in order to improve DM. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to summarize the main evidence regarding the effects of these programs on the players and identify the magnitude of the effects compared to control groups.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review (with meta-analysis) was conducted to assess the effects of training programs on the DM of youth team sports players.
DATA SOURCES
The data sources utilized were PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The criteria included the following: (i) youth (≤ 18 years old) team sports players with no restriction on sex or competitive level; (ii) players subjected to training programs to develop DM; (iii) control groups; (iv) pre-post outcomes related to tactical behavior, technical execution, reaction, and decision time; and (v) controlled trials.
RESULTS
The database search initially identified 2497 titles. From these, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed a significant beneficial effect of DM interventions on tactical behavior (ES = 1.12; = 0.035; = 80.0%; Egger's test = 0.066), whereas no significant effect of DM interventions on technical execution was found (ES = 0.74; = 0.180; = 69.1%; Egger's test = 0.873).
CONCLUSION
The DM interventions were significantly effective in improving tactical behavior in youth team sports players independently from the number of sessions to which players were exposed. In addition, DM interventions were significantly effective in improving technical execution. However, the results should be carefully interpreted due to the heterogeneity of the articles' overall methodological quality. Future DM interventions should consider using combined approaches that allow players to develop both tactical behavior and technical execution.
PubMed: 34135822
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663867 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Sep 2020Talent identification and development (TID) programs aim to identify players with the greatest potential for long-term success. Previous research suggests that the...
BACKGROUND
Talent identification and development (TID) programs aim to identify players with the greatest potential for long-term success. Previous research suggests that the assessment of sport-specific technical skills is valuable for discriminating between more and less skilled individuals and/or for predicting future performance.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide an overview on both the instruments used to assess sport-specific technical skills and their discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive findings in the context of TID.
METHODS
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SPORTDiscus, SURF and Scopus (January 1990-October 2019). Search terms covered the areas of sport, technical skills assessment, performance, skill level and youth. In the end, 59 relevant studies were identified and evaluated.
RESULTS
The results highlight the widespread and important role of technical skills in TID; almost all studies (93%) reported discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive benefits for the assessment of sport-specific technical skills. Analyzing and categorizing the number of assessment methods applied in the studies (n = 69) according to their method type ('technique-related' or 'outcome-related' variables) and method set-up ('experimental' or 'competition' data acquisition environment) indicated a clear tendency towards 'outcome-related' (73%) and 'experimental' (75%) assessment methods. We also found a strong overrepresentation of studies assessing cross-sectional data (75%) in soccer (53%) in male samples (74% of studies reporting subjects' sex) from European countries (64%).
CONCLUSIONS
On the one hand, our findings demonstrate the great capability of sport-specific technical skills assessments to discriminate different performance levels and predict future performance in TID activities. On the other hand, this review highlights the focus on 'outcome-related' and 'experimental' methods in specific populations and, consequently, the limited knowledge in other areas. Here, the application of 'technique-related' and 'competition' methods appears promising for adding new knowledge, especially in the light of technological advances.
Topics: Adolescent; Aptitude; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Australia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Europe; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Motor Skills
PubMed: 32495253
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4 -
Human Factors Jan 2024In this review, we investigate the relationship between agent transparency, Situation Awareness, mental workload, and operator performance for safety critical domains.
OBJECTIVE
In this review, we investigate the relationship between agent transparency, Situation Awareness, mental workload, and operator performance for safety critical domains.
BACKGROUND
The advancement of highly sophisticated automation across safety critical domains poses a challenge for effective human oversight. Automation transparency is a design principle that could support humans by making the automation's inner workings observable (i.e., "seeing-into"). However, experimental support for this has not been systematically documented to date.
METHOD
Based on the PRISMA method, a broad and systematic search of the literature was performed focusing on identifying empirical research investigating the effect of transparency on central Human Factors variables.
RESULTS
Our final sample consisted of 17 experimental studies that investigated transparency in a controlled setting. The studies typically employed three human-automation interaction types: responding to agent-generated proposals, supervisory control of agents, and monitoring only. There is an overall trend in the data pointing towards a beneficial effect of transparency. However, the data reveals variations in Situation Awareness, mental workload, and operator performance for specific tasks, agent-types, and level of integration of transparency information in primary task displays.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggests a promising effect of automation transparency on Situation Awareness and operator performance, without the cost of added mental workload, for instances where humans respond to agent-generated proposals and where humans have a supervisory role.
APPLICATION
Strategies to improve human performance when interacting with intelligent agents should focus on allowing humans to see into its information processing stages, considering the integration of information in existing Human Machine Interface solutions.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Task Performance and Analysis; Workload; Cognition; Automation; Man-Machine Systems
PubMed: 35274577
DOI: 10.1177/00187208221077804