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ESMO Open Mar 2024Identifying the association between body mass index (BMI) or weight change and cancer prognosis is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments. We aimed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Identifying the association between body mass index (BMI) or weight change and cancer prognosis is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments. We aimed to assess the strength and validity of the evidence of the association between BMI or weight change and cancer prognosis by a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of relevant cohort studies.
METHODS
We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EconLit, Embase, Food Sciences and Technology Abstracts, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases for literature published up to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies with BMI or weight change as an exposure factor, cancer as a diagnostic outcome, and data type as an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) or headcount ratio. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled HR along with the 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Seventy-three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with normal weight, overweight or obesity was a risk factor for overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.53; P < 0.0001), while obesity was a protective factor for OS in patients with gastrointestinal tumors (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.56-0.80; P < 0.0001) and lung cancer (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.92; P = 0.01) compared with patients without obesity. Compared with normal weight, underweight was a risk factor for OS in patients with breast cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98-1.35; P = 0.08), gastrointestinal tumors (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.32-1.80; P < 0.0001), and lung cancer (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22-1.35; P < 0.0001). Compared with nonweight change, weight loss was a risk factor for OS in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the meta-analysis, we concluded that BMI, weight change, and tumor prognosis were significantly correlated. These findings may provide a more reliable argument for the development of more effective oncology treatment protocols.
Topics: Humans; Female; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Cohort Studies; Breast Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38442453
DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102241 -
BMJ Open Mar 2021To systematically review and critically evaluate prediction models developed to predict tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among adults with pulmonary TB. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review and critically evaluate prediction models developed to predict tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among adults with pulmonary TB.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 1 January 1995 to 9 January 2020.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Studies that developed a model to predict pulmonary TB treatment outcomes were included. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Study quality was evaluated using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. Data were synthesised with narrative review and in tables and figures.
RESULTS
14 739 articles were identified, 536 underwent full-text review and 33 studies presenting 37 prediction models were included. Model outcomes included death (n=16, 43%), treatment failure (n=6, 16%), default (n=6, 16%) or a composite outcome (n=9, 25%). Most models (n=30, 81%) measured discrimination (median c-statistic=0.75; IQR: 0.68-0.84), and 17 (46%) reported calibration, often the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (n=13). Nineteen (51%) models were internally validated, and six (16%) were externally validated. Eighteen (54%) studies mentioned missing data, and of those, half (n=9) used complete case analysis. The most common predictors included age, sex, extrapulmonary TB, body mass index, chest X-ray results, previous TB and HIV. Risk of bias varied across studies, but all studies had high risk of bias in their analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
TB outcome prediction models are heterogeneous with disparate outcome definitions, predictors and methodology. We do not recommend applying any in clinical settings without external validation, and encourage future researchers adhere to guidelines for developing and reporting of prediction models.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO (CRD42020155782).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Bias; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 33653759
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044687 -
Biomedicines Dec 2022Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common diseases that strongly impact the quality and length of life. Their coexistence... (Review)
Review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common diseases that strongly impact the quality and length of life. Their coexistence is determined by overlap syndrome (OS). This systematic review aims to define the significance of these comorbidities according to the current state of knowledge. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane for studies published between 2018 and 26 October 2022, to find original, observational, human studies published in English, where the diagnosis of COPD was according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines and the diagnosis of OSA was based on polysomnography. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool for cohort and case-control studies, as well as its modification for cross-sectional studies. Of the 1548 records identified, 38 were eligible and included in this systematic review. The included studies covered a total population of 27,064 participants. This paper summarizes the most important, up-to-date information regarding OS, including the prevalence, meaning of age/gender/body mass index, polysomnography findings, pulmonary function, comorbidities, predicting OSA among COPD patients, and treatment of this syndrome.
PubMed: 36672523
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010016 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Oct 2021Sarcopenia, which is characterized by a decrease in muscle quantity or quality, is commonly observed in patients with cancer. Recent research has reported contradictory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sarcopenia, which is characterized by a decrease in muscle quantity or quality, is commonly observed in patients with cancer. Recent research has reported contradictory results on the association between sarcopenia and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this discrepancy. We systematically searched three electronic databases to identify articles reporting on the association between sarcopenia and treatment outcomes in patients with solid cancers who received ICIs. The outcomes assessed were hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and odds ratios (ORs) for objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity. Pooled estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 2501 patients from 26 studies were analysed. Sarcopenia was observed in 44.7% (95% CI: 38.2-51.3) of the patients and was significantly associated with poor survival (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.32-1.82 for OS and HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.35 to 1.93 for PFS). The HRs (95% CIs) for OS according to the diagnostic measures used were 1.97 (0.88-4.41) for psoas muscle index (PMI), 1.41 (0.87-2.28) for skeletal muscle density (SMD), and 1.43 (1.23-1.67) for skeletal mass index (SMI). The HRs (95% CIs) for PFS were 1.86 (1.08-3.21) for PMI, 1.27 (0.94-1.71) for SMD, and 1.38 (1.11-1.71) for SMI. Poor radiological response to ICI therapy was observed in patients with sarcopenia (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.34-0.80 for ORR and OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30-0.67 for DCR). The ORs for ORR (95% CIs) were 0.56 (0.15-2.05) for PMI and 0.78 (0.56-1.09) for SMI. The oncologic outcomes associated with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were comparable with those observed overall (HR for OS = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.26-3.24 for melanoma and HR for OS = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.19-2.18 for NSCLC). In contrast, the occurrence of severe toxicity was not associated with sarcopenia (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.51-2.52). Poor survival and poor response in patients with sarcopenia indicate a negative association between sarcopenia and efficacy of ICIs. Sarcopenia's predictive ability is consistent across various tumour types. For the selection of patients who may respond to ICIs pre-therapeutically, the presence of sarcopenia should be assessed in clinical practice.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; Progression-Free Survival; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 34337889
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12755 -
Journal of the American Heart... Apr 2022Background Pulmonary arterial end-diastolic forward flow (EDFF) following repaired tetralogy of Fallot has been thought to represent right ventricular (RV) restrictive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Background Pulmonary arterial end-diastolic forward flow (EDFF) following repaired tetralogy of Fallot has been thought to represent right ventricular (RV) restrictive physiology, but is not fully understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to clarify its physiological and clinical correlates, and to define a framework for understanding EDFF and RV restrictive physiology. Methods and Results PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for observational studies published before March 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to identify factors associated with EDFF. Forty-two individual studies published between 1995 and 2021, including a total of 2651 participants (1132 with EDFF; 1519 with no EDFF), met eligibility criteria. The pooled estimated prevalence of EDFF among patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot was 46.5% (95% CI, 41.6%-51.3%). Among patients with EDFF, the use of a transannular patch was significantly more common, and their stay in the intensive care unit was longer. EDFF was associated with greater RV indexed volumes and mass, as well as smaller E-wave velocity at the tricuspid valve. Finally, pulmonary regurgitation fraction was greater in patients with EDFF, and moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation was more common in this population. Conclusions EDFF is associated with dilated, hypertrophied RVs and longstanding pulmonary regurgitation. Although several studies have defined RV restrictive physiology as the presence of EDFF, our study found no clear indicators of poor RV compliance in patients with EDFF, suggesting that EDFF may have multiple causes and might not be the precise equivalent of RV restrictive physiology.
Topics: Diastole; Humans; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency; Tetralogy of Fallot; Tricuspid Valve; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right; Ventricular Function, Right
PubMed: 35301867
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024036 -
Nutrients May 2024(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore,... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) are a potentially valuable prevention approach. This review aims to provide an overview of existing CLIs for the prevention and management of asthma or COPD. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Studies were included if CLIs targeted at least two lifestyle factors. (3) Results: Among the 56 included studies, 9 addressed asthma and 47 addressed COPD management, with no studies focusing on prevention. For both conditions, the most prevalent combination of lifestyle targets was diet and physical activity (PA), often combined with smoking cessation in COPD. The studied CLIs led to improvements in quality of life, respiratory symptoms, body mass index/weight, and exercise capacity. Behavioural changes were only measured in a limited number of studies and mainly showed improvements in dietary intake and PA level. (4) Conclusions: CLIs are effective within asthma and COPD management. Next to optimising the content and implementation of CLIs, these positive results warrant paying more attention to CLIs for persons with an increased risk profile for these chronic respiratory diseases.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Asthma; Exercise; Quality of Life; Smoking Cessation; Healthy Lifestyle; Life Style; Male; Female; Diet
PubMed: 38794757
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101515 -
Revista Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica... Aug 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin versus low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein... (Review)
Review
Risk of venous thromboembolism in thromboprophylaxis between aspirin and low molecular weight heparins after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin versus low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and/or total hip arthroplasty (THA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sixteen studies were selected. The risk of VTE, DVT and PE were analyzed. Mortality, risk of bleeding and surgical wound complications was also analyzed.
RESULTS
248,461 patients were included. 176,406 patients with thromboprophylaxis with LMWH and 72,055 patients with aspirin thromboprophylaxis. There were no significant differences in the risk of VTE (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.69-1.26; P = .64), DVT (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.43-1.20; P = .21) or PE (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.86-1.49; P = .38) between both groups. No significant differences were found in mortality (P = .30), bleeding (P = .22), or complications in the surgical wound (P = .85) between both groups. These same findings were found in the sub-analysis of only randomized clinical trials (P>.05).
CONCLUSIONS
No increased risk of PE, DVT, or VTE was found among patients with aspirin thromboprophylaxis versus patients with LMWH thromboprophylaxis. There was also no greater mortality, greater bleeding, or greater complications in the surgical wound found among patients with aspirin thromboprophylaxis versus patients with LMWH thromboprophylaxis.
PubMed: 37544408
DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.07.003 -
Cureus Jun 2023Patients diagnosed with cancer often experience an abnormal occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its related complications. In order to evaluate the safety and... (Review)
Review
Patients diagnosed with cancer often experience an abnormal occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its related complications. In order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of both treatment approaches, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis within the realm of cancer-associated thromboembolism. A thorough search was conducted across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to find studies comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) for the treatment of VTE in patients with malignancy. The analyses utilized the random-effects model. This meta-analysis included 11 studies. The results showed that DOACs were associated with a significantly reduced risk of VTE recurrence (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.81, p<0.0001; I2: 0%) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86, p<0.0001; I2: 0%) compared to LMWHs. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.06, p=0.11; I2: 11%) between the two groups. The use of DOACs was also associated with a non-significant increase in the risk of major bleeding events (RR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.78, p: 0.26; I2: 49%), while clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) was significantly higher with DOACs (RR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.30, p: 0.02; I2: 81%). Secondary outcomes, such as survival rates and fatal PE, did not show significant differences between the two treatment groups. Our analysis indicates that direct oral anticoagulants exhibit a substantial decrease in the occurrence of VTE recurrence, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism when compared to low molecular weight heparin in cancer-associated thromboembolism. However, it should be noted that DOACs carry a higher risk of CRNMB. Based on these findings, DOACs are recommended as a superior therapeutic option for managing cancer-associated thromboembolism compared to LMWH.
PubMed: 37519604
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41071 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2024The association between nutritional status and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The association between nutritional status and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the effect of body mass index (BMI) and weight loss on the prognosis of IPF patients.
METHODS
We accumulated studies on IPF, BMI, and weight loss from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane Library up to 4 August 2023. Using Cox proportional hazard regression model for subgroup analysis, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for BMI in relation to mortality, acute exacerbation (AE), and hospitalization in IPF patients were calculated, and HR, odds ratio (OR), and 95% CI for weight loss corresponding to IPF patient mortality were assessed. Sensitivity analysis was peformed by eliminating every study one by one, and publication bias was judged by Egger's test and trim-and-fill method.
RESULTS
A total of 34 eligible studies involving 18,343 IPF patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results by univariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline BMI was a predictive factor for IPF mortality (HR = 0.93, 95%CI = [0.91, 0.94]). Furthermore, the results by the multivariable regression model indicated that baseline BMI was an independent risk factor for predicting IPF mortality (HR = 0.94, 95%CI = [0.91, 0.98]). Weight loss was identified as a risk factor for IPF mortality (HR = 2.74, 95% CI = [2.12, 3.54]; OR = 4.51, 95% CI = [1.72, 11.82]) and there was no predictive value of BMI for acute exacerbation (HR = 1.00, 95% CI= [0.93, 1.07]) or hospitalization (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = [0.89, 1.02]).
CONCLUSION
Low baseline BMI and weight loss in the course of IPF may indicate a high risk of mortality in patients with IPF, so it is meaningful to monitor and manage the nutritional status of IPF patients, and early intervention should be conducted for low BMI and weight loss.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Disease Progression; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38301276
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2311845 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2024Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy metabolism. However, the effects of nutrient supplements (NS) on treating sarcopenia in patients with COPD are not well established from systematic evidence. This meta-analysis examined the effect of NS on sarcopenia in patients with COPD. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted, and 29 randomized controlled trials involving 1625 participants (age, mean [SD] = 67.9 [7.8] years) were analyzed. NS demonstrated significant improvements in body weight (MD,1.33 kg; 95% CI, 0.60, 2.05 kg; P = 0.0003; I = 87%), fat-free mass index (MD, 0.74 kg/m; 95% CI, 0.21, 1.27 kg/m; P = 0.007; I = 75%), and 6-min walk test (MD, 19.43 m; 95% CI, 4.91, 33.94 m; P = 0.009; I = 81%) compared with control. However, NS had nonsignificant effects on handgrip strength (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, - 0.15, 0.88; P = 0.16; I = 87%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD, 0.11; 95% CI, - 0.06, 0.27; P = 0.20; I = 25%) compared with the control. In conclusion, NS may be an effective treatment for improving body composition and physical performance in COPD. Future studies should explore the effects of intervention durations, specific NS types, or combined training in patients with COPD and sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Quality of Life; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38483650
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02722-w