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Journal of Psychosomatic Research Jun 2022Prior research indicates PTSD is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. A number of different treatments for PTSD can be effective in reducing PTSD... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Prior research indicates PTSD is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. A number of different treatments for PTSD can be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. The aim of this study is to systematically review studies which determine whether treatment for PTSD is associated with better cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.
METHOD
Five different databases were searched in a systematic manner, and 11 relevant studies were recovered and analyzed.
FINDINGS
Treatments associated with PTSD improvement and found to be effective in improving cardiovascular or metabolic outcomes among individuals with PTSD include cognitive behavioral therapy (heart rate variability and blood pressure), prolonged exposure (heart rate and heart rate variability) and SSRIs (blood pressure).
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple PTSD treatment modalities were associated with improved cardiovascular health and reduced risk of cardiovascular-related mortality. Given the small sample sizes, lack of follow-up studies and the extensive use of military populations in studies on PTSD and chronic diseases, these results should be interpreted with caution. More studies are needed that assess and verify whether PTSD treatments mitigate the risk for metabolic, diabetic and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35339907
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110793 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Arterial hypertension (HT) is a chronic condition of elevated blood pressure (BP), which may cause increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure... (Review)
Review
Arterial hypertension (HT) is a chronic condition of elevated blood pressure (BP), which may cause increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure and mortality. If the HT is diagnosed early, effective treatment can control the BP and avert adverse outcomes. Physiological signals like electrocardiography (ECG), photoplethysmography (PPG), heart rate variability (HRV), and ballistocardiography (BCG) can be used to monitor health status but are not directly correlated with BP measurements. The manual detection of HT using these physiological signals is time consuming and prone to human errors. Hence, many computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed. This paper is a systematic review of studies conducted on the automated detection of HT using ECG, HRV, PPG and BCG signals. In this review, we have identified 23 studies out of 250 screened papers, which fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Details of the study methods, physiological signal studied, database used, various nonlinear techniques employed, feature extraction, and diagnostic performance parameters are discussed. The machine learning and deep learning based methods based on ECG and HRV signals have yielded the best performance and can be used for the development of computer-aided diagnosis of HT. This work provides insights that may be useful for the development of wearable for continuous cuffless remote monitoring of BP based on ECG and HRV signals.
Topics: Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Monitoring, Physiologic; Photoplethysmography
PubMed: 34072304
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115838 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders, causing health-related burdens. With the increasing demand for and interest in safe and... (Review)
Review
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders, causing health-related burdens. With the increasing demand for and interest in safe and acceptable anxiolytics, several studies report the anxiolytic effects of lavender aromatherapy, providing evidence of its physiological and psychological effects. However, existing reviews comprehensively cover the effects of different modes of delivering aromatherapy. Therefore, this review assesses the efficacy of lavender essential oil inhalation in reducing anxiety. The titles and abstracts of relevant articles published over the last five years were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This review only included clinical trials that utilized lavender inhalation for anxiety treatment. Eleven studies comprising 972 participants were included. Of these, 10 reported significantly decreased anxiety levels after lavender oil inhalation. The physiological measures of vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse, and saturation, were conducted in three trials, showing that lavender oil inhalation could physiologically affect anxiety levels. Lavender oil inhalation is a safe and feasible anxiolytic intervention for treating people with diverse types of anxiety. Data from further studies with a high-quality design and accurate information are necessary to confirm the validity of these findings and elucidate the anxiety-reducing mechanisms of lavender inhalation.
PubMed: 37998470
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222978 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2024Obesity is invariably accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, although data in pediatric populations are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis... (Review)
Review
Obesity is invariably accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, although data in pediatric populations are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies (totaling 1102 participants) comparing obese and normal-weight subjects (5-18 years of age), defined as body mass index >95th or <85th percentile, respectively. Using a random-effects model, we report the standardized mean differences (SMD) of sympathetic and vagal indices of heart rate variability. Autonomic dysfunction was present in the obesity group, based on the average SMD in the standard deviation of sinus intervals (at -0.5340), and on the ratio of low (LF)- to high (HF)-frequency spectra (at 0.5735). There was no difference in sympathetic activity, but the heterogeneity among the relevant studies weakens this result. SMD in HF (at 0.5876), in the root mean square of successive differences between intervals (at -0.6333), and in the number of times successive intervals exceeded 50 ms divided by the total number of intervals (at -0.5867) indicated lower vagal activity in the obesity group. Autonomic dysfunction is present in obese children and adolescents, attributed to lower vagal activity. Further studies are needed in various pediatric cohorts, placing emphasis on sympathetic activity.
PubMed: 38610619
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071854 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Aug 2020Emerging literature suggests that the arousal and regulatory systems as measured by sleep-wakefulness, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be powerful... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Emerging literature suggests that the arousal and regulatory systems as measured by sleep-wakefulness, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be powerful objective warning signs of suicidality. However, there is no systematic literature review examining the association between objective measurements of these variables with suicide and suicidal behavior.
METHODS
A web-based, systematic literature search using PubMed and EMBASE was conducted for articles that measured sleep-wakefulness and HR/HRV quantitatively in association with suicide. Search results were limited to human subjects and articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English. There were no restrictions for age, sex, settings and durations of measurements, types of mental illnesses, or comorbidity.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies were included in the current systematic review. Across the studies, consistent patterns of disturbed sleep-wakefulness such as greater sleep onset latency and lower sleep efficiency were related to suicide. In addition, higher HR and lower variance of R-R intervals was an indicator of risk of suicide.
LIMITATIONS
Studies that used different equipment for sleep studies (i.e., polysomnography, electroencephalogram, actigraphy) were combined, and potential differences in their findings due to the different equipment were not considered.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings provide initial evidence for consistent patterns of sleep-wakefulness and HR/HRV possibly associated with suicidality; however, more studies are needed in order to identify the precise objective variables (e.g., sleep onset latency, high-frequency HRV), as well as time-varying patterns in these variables, that are related to acute suicide risk.
Topics: Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Sleep; Suicide; Wakefulness
PubMed: 32421619
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.096 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2021This work was aimed to synthetize the evidence available about the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of cancer mortality. A computerized search... (Review)
Review
This work was aimed to synthetize the evidence available about the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of cancer mortality. A computerized search in the Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to 24 September 2020 was performed. We performed three meta-analyses: (1) cancer mortality comparing the "less than 60 bpm" and "more than 60 bpm" categories; (2) cancer mortality comparing "less than 60 bpm", "60 to 80 bpm", and "more than 80 bpm" categories; and (3) analysis for 10-12 and 20 bpm increase in RHR and risk of cancer mortality. Twenty-two studies were included in the qualitative review, and twelve of them met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a positive association between RHR and the risk of cancer mortality. This association was shown in a meta-analysis comparing studies reporting mean RHR values below and above 60 bpm, when comparing three RHR categories using less than 60 bpm as the reference category and, finally, in dose response analyses estimating the effect of an increase of 10-12 bpm in RHR, both in men and in women. In conclusion, a low RHR is a potential marker of low risk of cancer mortality.
PubMed: 33806038
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071354 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Standardized Emotion Elicitation Databases (SEEDs) allow studying emotions in laboratory settings by replicating real-life emotions in a controlled environment. The... (Review)
Review
Standardized Emotion Elicitation Databases (SEEDs) allow studying emotions in laboratory settings by replicating real-life emotions in a controlled environment. The International Affective Pictures System (IAPS), containing 1182 coloured images as stimuli, is arguably the most popular SEED. Since its introduction, multiple countries and cultures have validated this SEED, making its adoption on the study of emotion a worldwide success. For this review, 69 studies were included. Results focus on the discussion of validation processes by combining self-report and physiological data (Skin Conductance Level, Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalography) and self-report only. Cross-age, cross-cultural and sex differences are discussed. Overall, IAPS is a robust instrument for emotion elicitation around the world.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Arousal; Photic Stimulation; Emotions; Heart Rate; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 37112214
DOI: 10.3390/s23083866 -
Relationship Between Mobile Digital Sensor Monitoring and Perioperative Outcomes: Systematic Review.JMIR Perioperative Medicine Feb 2021Monitoring surgical recovery has traditionally been confined to metrics measurable within the hospital and clinic setting. However, commercially available mobile sensors... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Monitoring surgical recovery has traditionally been confined to metrics measurable within the hospital and clinic setting. However, commercially available mobile sensors are now capable of extending measurements into a patient's home. As these sensors were developed for nonmedical applications, their clinical role has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between data generated by mobile sensors and postoperative outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to describe the current use of mobile sensors in the perioperative setting and the correlation between their data and clinical outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 2019 was performed to identify studies of surgical patients monitored with mobile sensors. Sensors were considered if they collected patient metrics such as step count, temperature, or heart rate. Studies were included if patients underwent major surgery (≥1 inpatient postoperative day), patients were monitored using mobile sensors in the perioperative period, and the study reported postoperative outcomes (ie, complications and hospital readmission). For studies including step count, a pooled analysis of the step count per postoperative day was calculated for the complication and noncomplication cohorts using mean and a random-effects linear model. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to assess study quality.
RESULTS
From 2209 abstracts, we identified 11 studies for review. Reviewed studies consisted of either prospective observational cohorts (n=10) or randomized controlled trials (n=1). Activity monitors were the most widely used sensors (n=10), with an additional study measuring temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate (n=1). Low step count was associated with worse postoperative outcomes. A median step count of around 1000 steps per postoperative day was associated with adverse surgical outcomes. Within the studies, there was heterogeneity between the type of surgery and type of reported postoperative outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite significant heterogeneity in the type of surgery and sensors, low step count was associated with worse postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties. Further studies and standardization are needed to assess the role of mobile sensors in postoperative care, but a threshold of approximately 1000 steps per postoperative day warrants further investigation.
PubMed: 33629966
DOI: 10.2196/21571 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2023Physical therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may result in higher response and recovery rates, especially in patients who have treatment-resistant... (Review)
Review
Physical therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may result in higher response and recovery rates, especially in patients who have treatment-resistant depression. Various studies have reported different changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters before and after depression treatment with ECT. Therefore, the present study reviews systematically the evidence describing changes in HRV parameters and the cardiac autonomic nervous system associated with ECT. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases were searched for papers published up to September 8, 2022, without any restriction on the year and language of the study. A total of 895 articles were reviewed by two independent groups and nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were assessed. In conclusion, the results of our systematic review provided limited evidence for the influence of ECT on HRV parameters. Despite studies suggesting depression results in a decrease in parasympathetic activity and ECT results in an increase in cardiac vagal activity, ECT seems to have no consistent effect on HRV parameters.
PubMed: 38073723
DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_95_23 -
Cureus Jan 2022High-intensity interval training (HIIT), an exercise training modality of cardiac rehabilitation, has shown growing evidence of improving cardiovascular patients'... (Review)
Review
High-intensity interval training (HIIT), an exercise training modality of cardiac rehabilitation, has shown growing evidence of improving cardiovascular patients' prognosis and health outcomes. This study aimed to identify and summarize the effects of HIIT in heart failure (HF) patients, heart transplantation (HTx) recipients, and HF patients before and after HTx. This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. For the past five years, a systematic search was done using PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases on September 15, 2021. Studies were selected based on the following predefined eligibility criteria: English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, which included HF patients and HTx patients, and assessment of effects HIIT. The relevant data were extracted to a predefined template. Consequently, quality assessment was done using each study's most commonly used assessment tools. The initial search generated 551 studies. Nine studies were included in the final selection - four RCTs, one cohort, one quasi-experimental study, two systematic reviews with meta-analyses, and one narrative review. HIIT was found to be generally superior or similar with other exercise training on VO peak, heart rate, LVEF, cardiac biomarkers, vascular function, blood pressure, body composition, and adverse events in HF patients and the aforementioned with QoL among HTx recipients. Data on cardiac remodeling and QoL of HF patients were inconclusive.
PubMed: 35186591
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21333