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BMJ Open May 2023To evaluate the association between bilirubin levels and stroke risk. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between bilirubin levels and stroke risk.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis, reported in accordance with Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases were searched from inception up to 27 February 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Cohort studies assessing the dose-response relationship between bilirubin levels and risk of stroke were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
All data from eligible studies were collected and assessed by two independent investigators. We generated pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs. We used a restricted cubic spline model for the dose-response analyses. Subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted according to stroke outcomes, follow-up duration, geographical area and size of the cohort.
RESULTS
Nine articles including results from 11 cohort studies with 7835 cases of stroke and 263 596 participants met the inclusion criteria. The summarised RR of stroke comparing the highest and lowest bilirubin level was 0.85 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.99). The dose-response analysis indicated that a 15 µmol/L increment of bilirubin level was associated with an 18% lower risk of stroke (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99). For ischaemic stroke, the RR was 0.76 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.99). Significant publication bias was not detected.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated bilirubin levels were associated with a decreased risk of stroke among adults.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42017071497.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Brain Ischemia; Stroke; Cohort Studies; Ischemic Stroke; Bilirubin
PubMed: 37164466
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064433 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2020Sexual dysfunction following stroke is common but often is poorly managed. As awareness of sexual dysfunction following stroke increases as an important issue, a clearer...
BACKGROUND
Sexual dysfunction following stroke is common but often is poorly managed. As awareness of sexual dysfunction following stroke increases as an important issue, a clearer evidence base for interventions for sexual dysfunction is needed to optimise management.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexual dysfunction following stroke, and to assess adverse events associated with interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke.
SEARCH METHODS
We conducted the search on 27 November 2019. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; from June 2014), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (from 1950); Embase (from 1980); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; from 1982); the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED; from 1985); PsycINFO (from 1806); the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; from 1999); and 10 additional bibliographic databases and ongoing trial registers.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared pharmacological treatments, mechanical devices, or complementary medicine interventions versus placebo. We also included other non-pharmacological interventions (such as education or therapy), which were compared against usual care or different forms of intervention (such as different intensities) for treating sexual dysfunction in stroke survivors.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. We determined the risk of bias for each study and performed a 'best evidence' synthesis using the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified three RCTs with a total of 212 participants. We noted significant heterogeneity in interventions (one pharmacological, one physiotherapy-based, and one psycho-educational), and all RCTs were small and of 'low' or 'very low' quality. Based on these RCTs, data are insufficient to provide any reliable indication of benefit or risk to guide clinical practice in terms of the use of sertraline, specific pelvic floor muscle training, or individualised sexual rehabilitation.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Use of sertraline to treat premature ejaculation needs to be tested in further RCTs. The lack of benefit with structured sexual rehabilitation and pelvic floor physiotherapy should not be interpreted as proof of ineffectiveness. Well-designed, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of long-term duration are needed to determine the effectiveness of various types of interventions for sexual dysfunction. It should be noted, however, that it may not be possible to double-blind trials of complex interventions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orgasm; Pelvic Floor; Premature Ejaculation; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training; Sertraline; Sex Education; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Sexual Partners; Stroke; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Young Adult
PubMed: 32356377
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011189.pub2 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Dec 2023Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to examine the correlation between serum bilirubin levels... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to examine the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and SLE.
METHODS
The Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were examined and assessed until March 2023. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for the analysis of clinical trails.
RESULTS
Five case-control studies were chosen and incorporated, examining the levels of serum bilirubin in patients with SLE compared to healthy individuals, as well as in active SLE patients versus inactive ones, in different sexes and in SLE patients with or without lupus nephritis (LN). The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that serum bilirubin in healthy individuals were obviously increased compared to SLE patients (MD = 4.76; 95% CI, 3.15-6.38, p < .00001). Additionally, inactive SLE patients had higher levels of bilirubin than active SLE patients (MD = 3.15; 95% CI, 0.46-5.84, p = .02), and SLE patients without lupus nephritis had higher levels of serum bilirubin than those with lupus nephritis (MD = 4.91;95% CI, 2.87-6.95, p < .00001). Nevertheless, there were no disparities observed among SLE patients of varying sexes (MD = 0.34; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.69, p = .06).
CONCLUSION
The concentration of serum bilirubin may potentially be used as an indicator for estimating the advancement of SLE and reflecting the presence of kidney complications in individuals with SLE. Furthermore, more high quality studies were needed to identify these findings.
Topics: Humans; Bilirubin; Case-Control Studies; China; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lupus Nephritis
PubMed: 38156396
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1115 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Aug 2023Many studies have shown that the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 (Vit B12), and folate (FA) are abnormal in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Many studies have shown that the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 (Vit B12), and folate (FA) are abnormal in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the results have not been consistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the features of Hcy, Vit B12, and FA in PD patients.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases.
RESULTS
A total of 71 studies were included. The analysis showed the following. (1) PD patients had significantly increased Hcy level (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.61, 0.99]; < 0.001), and decreased Vit B12 (SMD -0.33, 95% CI [-0.43, -0.22]; <0.001) and FA levels (SMD -0.13, 95% CI [-0.19, -0.06]; < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. (2) Higher Hcy level (SMD 0.48, 95% CI [0.30, 0.67]; < 0.001) was found in Dopaminergic medications treated PD patients than in untreated patients. (3) PD patients with cognitive impairment had higher Hcy level (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.50, 0.92]; < 0.001) and lower Vit B12 (SMD -0.22, 95% CI [-0.34, -0.09]; = 0.001) and FA levels (SMD -0.17, 95% CI [-0.29, -0.04]; = 0.009) than those with no cognitive impairment. (4) PD patients with neuropathy had significantly increased Hcy level (SMD 0.87, 95% CI [0.43, 1.31]; < 0.001) and decreased Vit B12 level (SMD -0.40, 95% CI [-0.81, -0.00]; = 0.049) compared to PD patients with no neuropathy.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, PD patients may have higher Hcy levels and lower Vit B12 and FA levels than the healthy population. Thus, Hcy, Vit B12, and FA may play a role in cognitive impairment and neuropathy in PD patients.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B 12; Parkinson Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Folic Acid; Homocysteine
PubMed: 37735121
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2205115 -
Birth Defects Research Oct 2022Congenital anomalies affect over 2% of pregnancies, with congenital heart disease (CHD) the most common. Understanding of causal factors is limited. Micronutrients are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Congenital anomalies affect over 2% of pregnancies, with congenital heart disease (CHD) the most common. Understanding of causal factors is limited. Micronutrients are essential trace elements with key roles in growth and development. We aimed to investigate whether maternal micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of fetal CHD through systematic review of published literature.
METHOD
We performed a systematic review registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021276699. Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until September 7, 2021. Case control trials were included with a population of biological mothers of fetuses with and without CHD. The exposure was maternal micronutrient level measured in pregnancy or the postpartum period. Data extraction was performed by one author and checked by a second. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidance. We performed a narrative synthesis for analysis.
RESULTS
726 articles were identified of which 8 met our inclusion criteria. Final analysis incorporated data from 2,427 pregnancies, 1,199 of which were complicated by fetal CHD assessing 8 maternal micronutrients: vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, and ferritin. Studies were heterogenous with limited sample sizes and differing methods and timing of maternal micronutrient sampling. Definitions of deficiency varied and differed from published literature. Published results were contradictory.
CONCLUSION
There is not enough evidence to confidently conclude if maternal micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of fetal CHD. Further large-scale prospective study is required to answer this question.
Topics: Copper; Female; Ferritins; Folic Acid; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Malnutrition; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Micronutrients; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Selenium; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Zinc
PubMed: 35979646
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2072 -
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology :... 2023Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has recently been proposed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with controversial results. We, therefore, conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has recently been proposed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with controversial results. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of this therapy for H. pylori eradication.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database from inception until November 2022, collecting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VA dual therapy with other regimens for H. pylori eradication. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects model.
RESULTS
Five RCTs were ultimately included. Compared with the vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin (VAC) triple therapy, the eradication rate of VA dual therapy was lower in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n = 3 RCTs, RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between them in the per-protocol (PP) analysis (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.01, P = 0.11). For clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains, the eradication rate of VA dual therapy was significantly higher than that of the VAC triple therapy (n = 2 RCTs, RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, P = 0.02). Compared with the PPI-based triple therapy (PAC), VA dual therapy had a superior eradication rate (n = 2 RCTs, ITT analysis: RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.23, P = 0.003; PP analysis: pooled RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.22, P = 0.0004). Compared with VAC or PAC triple therapy, VA dual therapy has a similar incidence of total adverse events and compliance.
CONCLUSIONS
VA dual therapy had a similar effect compared to VAC triple therapy and was superior to PAC triple therapy. Future RCTs are needed to ascertain the optimal dosage and duration of vonoprazan and amoxicillin, and the effect of VA dual therapy compared with the mainstream regimens recommended by current guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37602635
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_153_23 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Mar 2024() infects over half the global population, causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, G-MALT lymphoma, and gastric... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
() infects over half the global population, causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, G-MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Eradicating is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions. While conventional proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy is effective, there's growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies. Potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) triple and dual therapy are new regimens for eradication. Initially used in Asian populations, vonoprazan (VPZ) has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for eradication.
AIM
To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating infection.
METHODS
This study, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or observational studies with the following command: [("" OR "H pylori") AND ("Treatment" OR "Therapy" OR "Eradication") AND ("Vonaprazan" OR "Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker" OR "P-CAB" OR "PCAB" OR "Revaprazan" OR "Linaprazan" OR "Soraprazan" OR "Tegoprazan")]. Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating were included. Exclusion criteria included case reports, case series, unpublished trials, or conference abstracts. Data variables encompassed age, diagnosis method, sample sizes, study duration, intervention and control, and eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed in R software, and forest plots were generated.
RESULTS
A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command. Ultimately, fifteen studies (7 RCTs, 7 retrospective observational studies, and 1 comparative unique study) were included, comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy. The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients, with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across these studies. The analysis revealed a significant difference in eradication between VPZ triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies [risk ratio (RR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.22, < 0.0001] and (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09-1.17, < 0.0001], respectively. However, no significant difference was found between tegoprazan (TPZ) triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.93-1.16, = 0.5) and (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.97-1.10, = 0.3), respectively.
CONCLUSION
VPZ-based triple therapy outperformed conventional PPI-based triple therapy in eradicating , positioning it as a highly effective first-line regimen. Additionally, TPZ-based triple therapy was non-inferior to classical PPI triple therapy.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Helicobacter pylori; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Helicobacter Infections; Pyrroles; Amoxicillin; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Observational Studies as Topic; Benzene Derivatives; Imidazoles; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 38577188
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i9.1213 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the leading chronic diseases worldwide. There are still many controversies about the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the leading chronic diseases worldwide. There are still many controversies about the association between serum bilirubin and MetS or NAFLD. This study aims to evaluate the association of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) with MetS and NAFLD.
METHODS
Multiple databases were searched for relevant studies until November 2021. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional and cohort studies evaluating the association between serum bilirubin levels and MetS or NAFLD were included.
RESULTS
Twenty-four cross-sectional and cohort studies with 101, 517 participants were finally analyzed. Fifteen studies and 6 studies evaluated the association between bilirubin and MetS or NAFLD in health screening population, respectively, while 3 studies evaluated the association between bilirubin and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in NAFLD patients. Random effect model analysis showed the inverse association between TBIL and MetS in male (95%CI=0.71-0.96) and gender-neutral (95%CI=0.61-0.91) group. However, no significant association was found in females. Notably, the inverse association between DBIL and MetS was noticed in male (95%CI=0.36-0.75), female (95%CI=0.16-0.58) and gender-neutral population (95%CI=0.67-0.92). IBIL level was inversely associated with MetS in females (95%CI=0.52-0.96), whereas no statistical correlation presented in males. TBIL was not statistically correlated with NAFLD in gender-neutral or male subgroup. Similarly, there were no association between DBIL or IBIL and NAFLD in gender-neutral subgroup. However, the negative correlation between DBIL and NAFLD existed in males (95%CI=0.76-0.96). In NAFLD patients, IBIL analysis showed an inverse association with NASH (95%CI=0.01-0.12).
CONCLUSION
Serum TBIL and DBIL levels, especially DBIL levels, assume an inverse correlation with MetS in healthy population. Serum IBIL is inversely associated with the onset and degree of NASH in NAFLD patients. Exogenous bilirubin supplement may be a potential strategy to assist in lowering the risk of developing MetS and NAFLD.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021293349.
Topics: Bilirubin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 35937795
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869579 -
Medicine Oct 2023The optimal drug for treatment with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was in debate. We did this network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The optimal drug for treatment with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was in debate. We did this network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of different drugs for reducing testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
METHODS
We searched studies from inception until January 10, 2023, through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library database. All studies comparing different drugs for reducing testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in this network meta-analysis. Outcomes were total testosterone levels, free testosterone levels, and withdraw due to adverse events. We calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each treatment.
RESULTS
Finally, a total of 13 studies were finally included in this network meta-analysis. In head-to-head comparison, atorvastatin (WMD -3.1, 95% CrI: -3.7 to -2.5), metformin (WMD -2.6, 95% CrI: -3.5 to -1.6), metformin + simvastatin (WMD -2.8, 95% CrI: -4.1 to -1.5), simvastatin (WMD -2.7, 95% CrI: -4.2 to -1.3), spironolactone (WMD -3.1, 95% CrI: -4.3 to -1.9), spironolactone + metformin (WMD -3.2, 95% CrI: -4.5 to -2.0) were all more effective than the placebo, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The SUCRA shows that spironolactone + metformin ranked first (SUCRA, 85.0%), Atorvastatin ranked second (SUCRA, 77.7%), Spironolactone ranked third (SUCRA, 77.2%), and metformin + simvastatin ranked the fourth. The SUCRA of different drugs for free testosterone levels shows that atorvastatin ranked first (SUCRA, 75.0%), spironolactone + metformin ranked second (SUCRA, 5.3%), metformin + simvastain ranked third (SUCRA, 62.6%), and spironolactone ranked the fourth (SUCRA, 56.4%). No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 treatment groups for withdrawn due to adverse events (P > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the network meta-analysis and rankings, atorvastatin was recommended to be the optimal drug for treatment PCOS. However, the optimal dose of atorvastatin was unknown and should be verified by more randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Humans; Female; Spironolactone; Atorvastatin; Network Meta-Analysis; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Metformin; Simvastatin; Testosterone
PubMed: 37832133
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035152 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies May 2024Practices related to umbilical cord clamping at birth should be evidence-based. Deferred cord clamping, compared to immediate cord clamping, shows benefits for preterm... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Practices related to umbilical cord clamping at birth should be evidence-based. Deferred cord clamping, compared to immediate cord clamping, shows benefits for preterm neonates but this may also apply to healthy term neonates. Different blood sampling techniques are used to measure effect of deferred and immediate cord clamping.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the statistical and effect size differences between blood biomarkers from umbilical cord and capillary blood samples of healthy term neonates following either immediate or deferred cord clamping.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The databases PubMed, Medline, CENTRAL, CINAHL and EMBASE were systematically searched. We included studies with a randomised clinical trial design comparing deferred and immediate cord clamping among healthy term neonates born by a spontaneous vaginal birth, reporting on blood biomarkers. Studies including caesarean births and premature births/neonates were excluded. Study attributes, sampling technique, blood biomarkers, mean differences, and standard deviations were extracted. The standardised mean differences (SMD) and sampling errors were calculated for effect size estimation. Meta-analyses were performed if ≥2 studies reported the same outcome using RevMan 5. Subgroup analyses distinguished effects from umbilical cord and capillary blood samples. Moderator tests and publication bias analyses were performed using JASP.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies were included for analysis. The biomarkers haematocrit, haemoglobin, and bilirubin were reported in ≥2 studies and thus eligible for pooling. No differences were found in haemoglobin (SMD -0.04, 95%CI -0.57 to 0.49) or bilirubin values (SMD 0.13, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.28) between umbilical cord blood samples collected after deferred or immediate cord clamping. Deferred cord clamping led to lower haematocrit values (SMD -0.3, 95%CI -0.53 to -0.07). Higher haematocrit (SMD 0.67, 95%CI 0.37 to 0.97) and haemoglobin values (SMD 0.76, 95%CI 0.56 to 0.97) from capillary blood samples, collected 2 to 72 h postpartum, showed when cord clamping was deferred. No effect was found on bilirubin values (SMD 0.13, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.28) irrespective of the sampling technique.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood collected after deferred umbilical cord clamping showed increased haemoglobin and haematocrit values up to 72 h after birth, opposed to bilirubin values. Clinical evaluation of blood biomarkers from the umbilical cord shows different values compared to capillary blood. Sampling time and technique therefore seem essential in estimating the effects of deferred cord clamping.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
This meta-analysis shows that sampling time and technique are essential in estimating the effects of deferred cord clamping on neonatal blood values.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Umbilical Cord Clamping; Fetal Blood; Biomarkers; Umbilical Cord; Hemoglobins; Bilirubin; Pregnancy; Female
PubMed: 38417349
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104718